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Text of the page (random words):
to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 editing 2 viewing toggle viewing subsection 2 1 windows 7 2 2 displaying special characters 2 3 choosing a font 2 4 changing google chrome s default font 2 5 changing mozilla firefox s default font 2 6 changing internet explorer s ie default font 3 fonts for specific writing systems toggle fonts for specific writing systems subsection 3 1 ancient scripts 3 2 egyptian hieroglyphic text 3 3 glagolitic text 3 4 archaic hangul 3 5 shavian text 4 ipa symbols 5 what character encoding does wikipedia use 6 see also 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents help special characters 26 languages alemannisch ænglisc boarisch català čeština deutsch español français galego hornjoserbsce magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 한국어 lëtzebuergesch nederlands occitan සිංහල shqip sunda svenska татарча tatarça اردو 吴语 粵語 中文 edit links help page talk english read view source view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read view source view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia character references this help page is a how to guide it explains concepts or processes used by the wikipedia community it is not one of wikipedia s policies or guidelines and may reflect varying levels of consensus shortcut h sc h sc many characters not on the standard computer keyboard will be useful even necessary for many pages and for editions of wikipedia in other languages this page contains recommendations for which characters are safe to use and how to enter them editing see help entering special characters viewing most current browsers have some level of unicode support but some do it better than others the most commonly encountered problem is that browsers running on windows xp rely on preconfigured font links in the registry rather than actually searching for a font that can display the character in question this means that the browser often had to be forced to use particular fonts on the english wikipedia there are a set of templates to do this for example ipa for the international phonetic alphabet the stuff in windows glyph list 4 should be safe to use without such special measures windows 7 unicode support is extended through installing the optional standalone windows update package kb2729094 1 available for both 32 bit and 64 bit versions of windows 7 sp1 from the microsoft download center this backport from windows 8 updates the segoe ui font by adding browser support for emoji and other symbols to windows 7 more emoji characters can be installed by copying the segoe ui emoji font file seguiemj ttf from another computer running windows 8 or later into the windows 7 computer newer windows versions provide more emoji characters than older versions displaying special characters to display unicode or special characters on web page s one or more of the unicode fonts need to be present or installed in your computer first for proper working functionality setup or configuration or settings from the web page viewing browser software also needs to be modified special symbols should display properly without further configuration with konqueror opera safari and most other recent browsers an optional step that can be taken for better and correct display of characters with ligature forms combined characters after the previously mentioned steps were followed is to install a rendering engine software for displaying individual special characters html decimal or hexadecimal numeric entity codes can be used in the place of the char if a paragraph with lots of special unicode characters needs to be displayed then p class unicode p or span class unicode span can also be used the class unicode is to be used in web page s html or wiki tags where various characters from wide range of various unicode blocks need to be displayed if the special characters that need to be displayed on web page s are mostly covering fewer unicode blocks related to latin scripts then class latinx can be used for special characters or symbols related to international phonetic alphabet class ipa can be used for polytonic greek characters or related symbols class polytonic can be used choosing a font some freely available fonts that include many unicode blocks are titus cyberbit basic and gnu unifont the unicode font article provides a more general overview through this table if you already know what specific blocks are needed this section may be more useful most articles on specific scripts include information on the corresponding unicode block note many websites including wikimedia sites default to serif or sans serif fonts depending upon the page element e g headings may default to serif and body text to sans serif so it may be necessary to use custom css styling if you wish to override this and force a certain font changing google chrome s default font google chrome allows the user to set default fonts for normal serif sans serif and monospace display modes any font that is currently installed on the system may be used to access this setting click the three dot options icon on the top right of the browser window and select settings scroll to the appearance section and click customize fonts here you can select any fonts on your system to use as defaults changing mozilla firefox s default font in mozilla firefox to change the font you need to open the settings window though the tools menu or the menu button in the general panel scroll to fonts and colors and choose an appropriate font usually any font installed on your system should be available you may also click advanced to disable custom fonts and choose different fonts for proportional serif sans serif and monospace but this doesn t seem to be always required changing internet explorer s ie default font the default font for latin scripts in older versions of the internet explorer ie web browser for windows is times new roman older editions of the font don t include many unicode blocks to choose a different font follow this path from the ie menu bar tools internet options general tab fonts webpage font to a scrolling list of fonts and select a different one such as lucida sans unicode and then select ok fonts for specific writing systems ancient scripts e g phoenician alphabet old italic alphabet linear b etc windows users please download and install one of these freely licensed fonts aegean akkadian cuneiform cardo mph 2b damase code2000 code2001 junicode linux users if using a debian based linux e g ubuntu linux mint these should be already installed by default if not please download and install deb package ttf ancient fonts by entering in terminal sudo apt get install ttf ancient fonts note that you need to have administrative privileges to use this command egyptian hieroglyphic text noto sans egyptian hieroglyphs glagolitic text mph 2b menaion unicode bukyvede noto sans glagolitic archaic hangul noto sans korean shavian text andagii ipa symbols most ipa symbols are not included in the most widely used form of times new roman though they are included in the version provided with windows vista the default font for latin scripts in internet explorer for windows to properly view ipa symbols in that browser you must set it to use a font which includes the ipa extensions characters such fonts include lucida sans unicode which comes with windows xp gentium charis sil doulos sil dejavu sans or titus cyberbit which are freely available or arial unicode ms which comes with microsoft office on this page we have forced internet explorer to use such a font by default so it should appear correctly but this has not yet been done to all the other pages containing ipa this also applies to other pages using special symbols bear this in mind if you see error symbols such as in articles this also happens with former spanish n with a small n above nᷠ nᷠ yañalif n with descender ꞑ ꞑ and volapük second umlaut variants of a o and u ꞛ ꞛ ꞝ ꞝ and ꞟ ꞟ google chrome and other chromium based browsers on windows have an issue in the font fallback system when the font lists for each script is hard coded chromium assumes these fonts should always be available thus only search these fonts mostly os specific through their system fonts and cannot be user configured other than changing the default fonts for standard serif sans serif and fixed width styles thus reducing flexibility thus some unrecognizable newer characters can t be fixed just by installing suitable external fonts requiring users to update their operating system to those that contains the missing characters in one of the system fonts 2 3 special symbols should display properly without further configuration with mozilla firefox konqueror opera safari and most other recent browsers what character encoding does wikipedia use from mediawiki 1 5 all projects use unicode utf 8 character encoding until the end of june 2005 when this new version came into use on wikimedia projects the english dutch danish and swedish wikipedias used windows 1252 they declared themselves to be iso 8859 1 but in reality browsers treat the two as synonymous and the mediawiki software made no attempt to prevent use of characters exclusive to windows 1252 pre upgrade wikitext in their databases remains stored in windows 1252 and is converted on load some of it may also have been converted by gradual changes in the way history is stored edits made since the upgrade will be stored as utf 8 in the database this conversion on load process is invisible to users it is also invisible to reusers as wikimedia now uses xml dumps rather than database dumps unicode utf 8 a variable number of bytes per character special characters including cjk characters can be treated like normal ones not only the webpage but also the edit box shows the character in addition it is possible to use the multi character codes they are not automatically converted in the edit box iso 8859 1 one byte per character special characters that are not available in the limited character set are stored in the form of a multi character code there are usually two or three equivalent representations e g for the character the named character reference euro and the decimal character reference 8364 and the hexadecimal character reference x20ac the edit box shows the entered code the webpage the resulting character unavailable characters which are copied into the edit box are first displayed as the character and automatically converted to their decimal codes on preview or publish changes the most common special characters such as é are in the character set so code like eacute although allowed is not needed note that special export exports using utf 8 even if the database is encoded in iso 8859 1 at least that was the case for the english wikipedia already when it used version 1 4 to find out which character set applies in a project use the browser s view source feature and look for something like this meta http equiv content type content text html charset iso 8859 1 or meta http equiv content type content text html charset utf 8 see also unicode font unicode input wikipedia mathematical symbols help wiki markup help displaying a formula help turkish characters template contains special characters templates list of xml and html character entity references references an update for the segoe ui symbol font in windows 7 and in windows server 2008 r2 is available kb2729094 windows knowledge base microsoft corporation retrieved 29 october 2014 chromium font_fallback_win cc at master chromium chromium github retrieved 20 august 2022 how do web browsers implement font fallback stackoverflow retrieved 20 august 2022 external links unicode character code charts hexadecimal numbers only pdf files showing all characters independent of browser capabilities http www unicode org help display_problems html help for enabling unicode support on most platforms table of unicode characters from 1 to 65535 shows how the decimal character references look in one s browser html 4 0 character entity references shows how the named and decimal character references look in one s browser fileformat info details of many unicode characters including the named decimal and hexadecimal character reference showing how it should look and for each how it looks in one s browser alan wood s unicode resources comprehensive resource with character test pages for all unicode ranges as well as os specific unicode support information and links to fonts and utilities unicode converter decimal text url and unicode converter conversion between copy pasteable characters unicode notation html percent encodings and other formats helpful when trying to enter or interpret characters unicode code converter conversion between copy pasteable characters unicode notation html percent encodings and other formats helpful when trying to enter or interpret characters shapecatcher online tool to find unicode characters by drawing them v t e wikipedia help pages visit the teahouse or the help desk for an interactive q a forum faqs reference desks noticeboards cheatsheet directories village pumps about wikipedia administration purpose principles policies and guidelines what wikipedia is not disclaimer parental advice making requests who writes wikipedia help for readers faq copyright glossary mobile access navigation other languages saved pages searching students viewing media contributing to wikipedia advice for young editors avoiding common mistakes etiquette simplified manual of style simplified rule set ignore all rules the rules are principles style tips tip of the day your first article article wizard getting started why create an account introductions by topic graphics tutorials picture tutorial irc live chat tutorial visualeditor user guide dos and don ts accessibility biographies biographies living categorization consensus discussions disambiguation images leads links lists references tables titles of articles how to pages and information pages appealing blocks article deletion categories citations references referencing for beginners citation style 1 cite errors references and page numbers convert diff editing minor edit toolbar edit conflict find sources files footnotes image deletion infoboxes linking link color logging in merging new page review page name renaming pages redirect passwords email confirmation reverting simple vandalism cleanup talk pages archiving simple archiving user contributions wp 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