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s in the neighbouring aberdare valley 12 during the 1850s and 1860s however the population of aberdare grew rapidly and the franchise changes in 1867 gave the vote to large numbers of miners in that valley amongst these new electors bruce remained unpopular as a result of his actions during the 1857 58 dispute initially it appeared that the aberdare iron master richard fothergill would be elected to the second seat alongside bruce however the appearance of a third liberal candidate henry richard a nonconformist radical popular in both merthyr and aberdare left bruce on the defensive and he was ultimately defeated finishing in third place behind both richard and fothergill later political career edit statue overlooking the main building of cardiff university after losing his seat bruce was elected for renfrewshire on 25 january 1869 and was made home secretary by william ewart gladstone his tenure of this office was conspicuous for a reform of the licensing laws and he was responsible for the licensing act 1872 which made the magistrates the licensing authority increased the penalties for misconduct in public houses and shortened the number of hours for the sale of drink in 1873 bruce relinquished the home secretaryship at gladstone s request to become lord president of the council and was elevated to the peerage as baron aberdare 2 of duffryn in the county of glamorgan on 23 august that year 11 being a gladstonian liberal aberdare had hoped for a much more radical proposal to keep existing licensee holders for a further ten years and to prevent any new applicants its unpopularity pricked his nonconformist s conscience when like gladstone himself he had a strong leaning towards temperance he had already pursued moral improvement on miners in the regulations attempting to further ban boys from the pits the trades union act 1871 was another more liberal regime giving further rights to unions and protection from malicious prosecutions 13 caricature of bruce by carlo pellegrini published in vanity fair in 1869 with the caption he has gained credit by converting himself to the ballot he would gain greater credit by converting himself into an ex secretary of state for the home department the defeat of the liberal government in the following year terminated lord aberdare s official political life and he subsequently devoted himself to social educational and economic questions education became one of lord aberdare s main interests in later life his interest had been shown by the speech on welsh education which he had made on 5 may 1862 in 1880 he was appointed to chair the departmental committee on intermediate and higher education in wales and monmouthshire whose report ultimately led to the welsh intermediate education act 1889 2 the report also stimulated the campaign for the provision of university education in wales in 1883 lord aberdare was elected the first president of the university college of south wales and monmouthshire in his inaugural address he declared that the framework of welsh education would not be complete until there was a university of wales the university was eventually founded in 1893 and aberdare became its first chancellor 2 in 1876 he was elected a fellow of the royal society from 1878 to 1891 he was president of the royal historical society and in 1881 he became president of both the royal geographical society and the girls day school trust 5 in 1888 he headed the commission that established the official table of drops listing how far a person of a particular weight should be dropped when hanged for a capital offence the only method of judicial execution in the united kingdom at that time to ensure an instant and painless death by cleanly breaking the neck between the 2nd and 3rd vertebrae an exacting science eventually brought to perfection by chief executioner albert pierrepoint prisoners health clothing and discipline was a particular concern even at the end of his career in the lords he spoke at some length to the home affairs committee chaired by arthur balfour about the prison rules system 14 aberdare had always expressed concern about intemperate working classes in 1878 urging greater vigilance against the vice of excessive drinking he took evidence on miners and railway colliers drinking habits the committee tried to establish special legislation based on a link between sunday opening and absenteeism established in 1868 15 aberdare had been interested in the plight of working class drinkers since gladstone had appointed him home secretary the defeat of the licensing bill by the tory beerage and publicans was drafted to limit hours and protect the public but it persuaded a convinced anglican forever more of the iniquities in 1882 he began a connection with west africa which lasted the rest of his life by accepting the chairmanship of the national african company formed by sir george goldie which in 1886 received a charter under the title of the royal niger company and in 1899 was taken over by the british government its territories being constituted the protectorate of nigeria west african affairs however by no means exhausted lord aberdare s energies and it was principally through his efforts that a charter was in 1894 obtained for the university college of south wales and monmouthshire a constituent institution of the university of wales this is now cardiff university lord aberdare who in 1885 was made a knight grand cross of the order of the bath presided over several royal commissions at different times 5 animal welfare edit bruce was president of the royal society for the prevention of cruelty to animals from 1878 to 1893 16 17 in 1879 he voted against legislation proposing total abolition of vivisection which resulted in criticism from anti vivisectionists 18 bruce commented that the rspca had no position on vivisection and should be kept distinct from the society anti vivisectionist frances power cobbe noted bruce s contradictory behaviour as he had publicly spoken against the abolition of vivisection and voted against it 19 family edit henry austin bruce s grave at aberffrwd cemetery in mountain ash wales coats of arms of henry bruce henry bruce married firstly annabella daughter of richard beadon of clifton by annabella à court sister of the 1st baron heytesbury on 6 january 1846 they had one son and three daughters henry campbell bruce 2nd baron margaret cecilia married on 16 september 1889 douglas close richmond cb ma son of rev henry sylvester richmond ma rector of wyck rissington glos rachel mary married 10 september 1872 augustus george vernon harcourt of st clare ryde isle of wight son of admiral frederick edward vernon harcourt jessie frances married 3 september 1878 rev john william wynne jones ma rector of llantrisant anglesey son of john wynne jones jp dl of treiorworth bodedern holyhead anglesey headstone of sarah fox matheson née bruce 1861 1935 in headington cemetery oxford after her death on 28 july 1852 he married secondly on 17 august 1854 norah creina blanche youngest daughter of lt gen sir william napier kcb the historian of the peninsular war whose biography he edited 20 by caroline amelia second daughter of gen henry edward fox son of the earl of ilchester they had seven daughters and two sons of whom the youngest was the mountaineer charles granville bruce alice bruce took on her mother s ideas and took a leading role in women s education 21 sarah married montague muir mackenzie barrister citation needed elizabeth fox bruce 1861 1935 married the author percy ewing matheson lord aberdare died at his london home 39 princes gardens south kensington on 25 february 1895 aged 79 and was succeeded in the barony by his only son by his first marriage henry he was survived by his wife lady aberdare born 1827 who died on 27 april 1897 22 she was a proponent of women s education and active in the establishment of aberdare hall in cardiff memorial edit henry austin bruce is buried at aberffrwd cemetery in mountain ash wales his large family plot is surrounded by a chain and his gravestone is a simple celtic cross with double plinth and kerb in place is written to god the judge of all and to the spirits of just men more perfect references edit chambers biographical dictionary isbn 0 550 18022 2 p 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 rees james frederick bruce henry austin 1815 1895 1st baron aberdare dictionary of welsh biography national library of wales retrieved 10 december 2019 1 2 3 burke bernard 1925 a genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry burke publishing company p 1455 retrieved 13 september 2024 burke john 1835 a genealogical and heraldic history of the commoners of great britain and ireland enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank but uninvested with heritable honours henry colburn pp 485 486 retrieved 13 september 2024 1 2 3 one or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 aberdare henry austin bruce 1st baron encyclopædia britannica vol 1 11th ed cambridge university press p 44 election of henry austin bruce esq at merthyr cardiff and merthyr guardian 18 december 1852 p 3 retrieved 27 january 2016 jones 1965 pp 253 4 jones 1965 p 254 jones 1964 pp 166 9 the great strike and the colliers cardiff and merthyr guardian 12 december 1857 p 6 archived from the original on 25 october 2014 retrieved 1 december 2013 1 2 burke s peerage 107th edn 2003 vol i pp 9 10 jones 1965 p 251 henry austin bruce 1st baron aberdare oxford dictionary of national biography online ed oxford university press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 3732 retrieved 22 december 2016 subscription wikipedia library access or uk public library membership required prison rules inquiry 16 april 1889 retrieved 22 december 2016 select committee of house of lords for inquiring into prevalence of habits of intemperance and effects of recent legislation fourth report minutes of evidence appendix index 22 february 1878 retrieved 22 december 2016 goldie george taubman 1895 obituary lord aberdare the geographical journal 4 5 386 390 preece rod 2011 animal sensibility and inclusive justice in the age of bernard shaw p 118 isbn 978 0774821124 french richard d 2019 antivivisection and medical science in victorian society princeton university press p 84 isbn 978 0691656625 r s p c a and vivisection the zoophilist 12 3 64 1892 chisholm 1911 evans w gareth 2005 bruce alice moore oxford dictionary of national biography online ed oxford university press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 51854 subscription wikipedia library access or uk public library membership required cardiff university archives accessed 28 december 2011 archived 3 march 2016 at the wayback machine bibliography edit cooper thompson 1884 aberdare lord henry austin bruce men of the time eleventh ed london george routledge sons pp 4 5 jones ieuan gwynedd 1964 dr thomas price and the election of 1868 in merthyr tydfil a study in nonconformist politics part one pdf welsh history review 2 2 147 172 jones ieuan gwynedd 1965 dr thomas price and the election of 1868 in merthyr tydfil a study in nonconformist politics part two welsh history review 2 3 251 70 death of lord aberdare the career of a distinguished member of the liberal party the new york times 26 february 1895 issn 0362 4331 retrieved 9 august 2023 external links edit hansard 1803 2005 contributions in parliament by henry bruce portraits of henry bruce 1st baron aberdare at the national portrait gallery london merthyr tydfil constituency archived from the original on 23 december 2016 retrieved 22 december 2016 renfrewshire constituency archived from the original on 9 june 2017 retrieved 22 december 2016 parliament of the united kingdom preceded by sir josiah guest member of parliament for merthyr tydfil 1852 1868 succeeded by henry richard preceded by archibald alexander speirs member of parliament for renfrewshire 1869 1873 succeeded by archibald campbell political offices preceded by george clive under secretary of state for the home department 1862 1864 succeeded by thomas baring preceded by robert lowe vice president of the committee on education 1864 1866 succeeded by henry lowry corry preceded by gathorne hardy home secretary 1868 1873 succeeded by robert lowe preceded by the marquess of ripon lord president of the council 1873 1874 succeeded by the duke of richmond church of england titles preceded by edward pleydell bouverie second church estates commissioner 1865 1866 succeeded by john robert mowbray academic offices new title president of the university college of wales aberystwyth 1874 1895 succeeded by the lord rendel preceded by the earl russell president of the royal historical society 1878 1891 succeeded by m e grant duff peerage of the united kingdom new creation baron aberdare 1873 1895 succeeded by henry bruce v t e home secretaries of the united kingdom shelburne townshend north temple sydney grenville dundas portland pelham yorke hawkesbury spencer liverpool ryder sidmouth peel sturges bourne lansdowne peel melbourne duncannon wellington goulburn russell normanby graham grey walpole palmerston grey walpole sotheron estcourt lewis grey walpole hardy bruce lowe cross harcourt cross childers matthews asquith ridley ritchie akers douglas gladstone churchill mckenna simon samuel cave shortt bridgeman henderson joynson hicks clynes samuel gilmour simon hoare anderson morrison somervell chuter ede maxwell fyfe lloyd george butler brooke soskice jenkins callaghan maudling carr jenkins rees whitelaw brittan hurd waddington baker k clarke howard straw blunkett c clarke reid smith johnson may rudd javid patel braverman shapps braverman cleverly cooper mahmood v t e presidents of the royal geographical society 19th century f j robinson george murray john barrow william r hamilton george greenough roderick murchison charles abbot william j hamilton william smyth roderick murchison francis egerton frederick beechey roderick murchison bingham baring roderick murchison henry rawlinson henry frere rutherford alcock thomas baring henry bruce john campbell richard strachey m e grant duff clements markham 20th century george goldie leonard darwin george curzon douglas freshfield thomas holdich francis younghusband lawrence dundas david george hogarth charles close william goodenough percy cox henry balfour philip chetwode francis rodd harry lindsay james wordie james marshall cornwall roger nathan raymond priestley dudley stamp gilbert laithwaite edmund irving edward shackleton duncan cumming john hunt michael john wise vivian fuchs george bishop roger chorley crispin tickell george jellicoe john palmer 21st century ron cooke neil cossons gordon conway michael palin judith rees nicholas crane lynda chalker nigel clifford v t e presidents of the royal historical society 1871 1872 george grote 1873 1878 john russell 1st earl russell 1878 1891 henry bruce 1st baron aberdare 1891 1899 sir m e grant duff 1899 1901 sir adolphus ward 1901...