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1 attenborough nottinghamshire england died 26 november 1651 1651 11 26 aged 40 limerick ireland spouse bridget cromwell 1646 his death children 5 including henry and bridget education trinity college oxford occupation political and religious radical regicide and parliamentarian soldier military service years of service 1642 1651 rank colonel battles wars wars of the three kingdoms edgehill gainsborough first newbury marston moor second newbury naseby bristol oxford maidstone colchester cromwellian conquest of ireland drogheda waterford limerick henry ireton baptised 3 november 1611 1 died 26 november 1651 was an english general in the parliamentarian army during the wars of the three kingdoms and a son in law of oliver cromwell he died of disease outside limerick in november 1651 personal details edit ireton was the eldest son of german ireton of attenborough nottinghamshire and was baptised in st mary s church on 3 november 1611 he became a gentleman commoner of trinity college oxford in 1626 graduated with a bachelor of arts in 1629 and entered the middle temple the same year 2 english civil war edit on the outbreak of the first english civil war he joined the parliamentary army fighting at the battle of edgehill in october 1642 and the battle of gainsborough in july 1643 he was made deputy governor of the isle of ely by oliver cromwell and served under the earl of manchester in the yorkshire campaign and at the second battle of newbury afterward supporting cromwell in his accusations of incompetency against the earl 2 on the night before the battle of naseby in june 1645 ireton succeeded in surprising the royalist army and captured many prisoners the next day on the suggestion of cromwell he was made commissary general and appointed to the command of the left wing with cromwell himself commanding the right the wing under ireton was completely broken by the impetuous charge of prince rupert and ireton was wounded and taken prisoner but cromwell charged and successfully routed the royalists freeing prisoners including ireton 2 henry ireton married bridget cromwell pictured daughter of oliver cromwell during the siege of oxford ireton was at the siege of bristol in september 1645 and took part in the subsequent campaign that succeeded in overthrowing the royal cause on 30 october 1645 ireton entered parliament as member for appleby on 15 june 1646 citation needed 3 during the siege of oxford he married bridget cromwell eldest daughter of oliver cromwell 2 the marriage brought ireton s career into parallel with cromwell s political views and debates over the future of the monarchy edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed july 2023 learn how and when to remove this message ireton was initially a moderate at the putney debates he opposed extremism disliked the views of the republicans and the levellers which he considered impractical and dangerous to the foundations of society and wished to retain a constitutional monarchy of king lords and commons he argued for these in the negotiations of the army with parliament and in the conferences with the king charles i being the person chiefly entrusted with the drawing up of the army proposals including the manifesto called the heads of the proposals which also proposed a constitutional monarchy he tried to prevent the breach between the army and parliament but when it happened he supported the negotiations with the king until charles i s intransigence in negotiation and continued political scheming left him unpopular with moderate war party figures like ireton 2 4 ireton finally became convinced of the hopelessness of dealing with king charles and after the king s flight to the isle of wight treated his further proposals with coldness and urged the parliament to establish an administration without him ireton served under thomas fairfax in the second civil war in the campaigns in kent and essex 5 although fairfax as lord general and not ireton as is sometimes believed was responsible for the executions of sir charles lucas and sir george lisle at colchester after the rejection by the king of the last offers of the army ireton zealously supported bringing him to trial he wrote the army s statement about the regicide the remonstrance of the army with hugh peters he was active in the choice to purge rather than re elect parliament and supported the second leveller agreement of the people he sat on the king s trial and was one of the commissioners who signed the death warrant 6 irish campaign and death edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed december 2022 learn how and when to remove this message ireton s regiment was chosen by lot to accompany cromwell in his irish campaign 6 ireton arrived in dublin two days after cromwell on 17 august 1649 with 77 ships full of troops and supplies ireton was appointed major general and after the conquest of the south of ireland lord president of munster he went over with john cook with a brief to reform the law of ireland to anglicise it and to make it a model for a new settlement of english law 7 in may 1650 cromwell was recalled to england to command a parliamentary force preparing to invade scotland and ireton assumed command of the new model army in ireland with the title and powers of lord deputy to complete the conquest of the country this he proceeded to do becoming noted as much by the savagery of his methods as for his military skill citation needed by the middle of 1650 ireton and his commanders faced two problems one was the capture of the remaining cities held by the irish confederate and royalists forces the other was an escalating guerrilla war in the countryside as irish fighters called tories attacked his supply lines ireton appealed to the english parliament to publish lenient surrender terms for irish catholics to end their resistance but this was refused his first action after the refusal was to mount a counter guerrilla expedition into the wicklow mountains early in june 1650 to secure his lines of supply for the siege of waterford in south east ireland ireton then blockaded waterford into surrender by august 1650 ireton systematically constructed trenches to bring his siege guns within range of the walls and stationed a parliamentary fleet off the city to prevent it being supplied thomas preston surrendered waterford after a three month siege ireton then advanced to limerick by october but had to call off the siege due to cold and bad weather early in 1651 ireton ordered that areas harbouring the guerrillas should be systematically stripped of food a scorched earth policy that caused a famine in ireland by the end of the year ireton returned to limerick in june 1651 and besieged the city for five months until it surrendered in october 1651 at the same time parliamentarian forces conducted the siege of galway and ireton rode to inspect the command of charles coote who was blockading that city the physical strain of his command took hold on ireton and he fell ill citation needed after the capture of limerick ireton had dignitaries of limerick hanged for their defence of the city including alderman thomas stritch bishop turlough o brien and an english royalist officer colonel fennell he also wanted the irish commander hugh dubh o neill hanged but edmund ludlow cancelled the order after ireton s death 8 ireton fell ill of the plague that was raging through the town and died on 26 november his loss reportedly struck a great sadness into cromwell and he was considered a great loss to the commonwealth of england there are various anecdotes about his demise from irish ecclesiastical and english royalist sources thus ireton s death has been depicted as divine retribution for the hanging of bishop o brien who prior to his death had called upon ireton to answer at god s judgment seat for the new model army s massacres the hibernica dominicana claims that on his death bed ireton was privately muttering to himself i never gave the aid of my counsel towards the murder of that bishop never never it was the council of war did it i wish i had never seen this popish bishop 9 meanwhile the memoirs of english cavalier officer philip warwick allege that in his delirious state ireton s last words were blood blood i must have more blood 10 at ireton s funeral in westminster abbey 11 john watson and others wore new tabards that replaced the royal arms with the new arms of the commonwealth 12 family edit by his wife bridget cromwell ireton left one son henry ireton circa 1652 1711 13 and four daughters one of whom bridget bendish she married thomas bendish in 1670 is said to have compromised herself in the rye house plot of 1683 as did henry 14 ireton s widow bridget afterward married general charles fleetwood another daughter elizabeth married thomas polhill their son was david polhill posthumous execution edit on 30 january 1661 following the restoration of the english monarchy of 1660 charles ii had ireton s corpse exhumed from westminster and mutilated in a posthumous execution along with those of cromwell and john bradshaw in retribution for signing his father s death warrant the date was symbolic being the 12th anniversary of the execution of charles i citation needed memorials edit a blue plaque was affixed to ireton s birthplace at church lane in attenborough on 22 june 2011 by the beeston and district local history society with the following text general henry ireton lawyer confederate and son in law of oliver cromwell born here 1611 died limerick 1651 15 the town of ireton iowa united states was named after henry ireton 16 ireton avenue in beeston near to attenborough is named after general ireton ireton road in market harborough was also named after henry ireton while ireton s way is now a very straight part of the a142 between ely and chatteris built by ireton when he was commanding east anglian forces as a causeway across the flooded fens around the river ouse to rush troops and supplies over when resisting royalist attack from lincolnshire and the midlands ireton street in walton liverpool sits off county road a59 in between william lenthall street and john hampden street there is an ireton street in belfast northern ireland which runs parallel to a cromwell road also an ireton road is in colchester this adjoins honywood road named after sir thomas honywood who led the essex forces at the siege of colchester under the command of thomas fairfax an ireton avenue exists in walton on thames as well as ireton s house 17 on the high street ireton s house was gifted to henry ireton by oliver cromwell after the marriage to bridget cromwell his portrait continues to hang in the dining hall of trinity college oxford fictional portrayals edit in the 1970 film cromwell michael jayston plays ireton as a subtle but well meaning manipulator who hates charles i and pushes cromwell into actions which cromwell at first considers neither desirable nor possible but then pursues all the way this version of ireton is ready to denounce the king and plunge england into civil war before cromwell becomes convinced that this is a necessary step in the film cromwell and he are also among the five members whom charles i attempts to arrest on the eve of the war when in fact they were not and after the king is executed is upbraided by cromwell as being too ambitious the film makes no mention of ireton s marriage to cromwell s daughter bridget ireton is portrayed as a minor character in rosemary sutcliff s 1953 historical fiction novel simon ireton is the main character in john attenborough s 1987 historical novel destiny our choice which gives a generally positive view of ireton claiming that he was influential in saving the life of hugh o neill after the siege of limerick in 1650 51 notes edit 1 2 firth charles 1892 ireton henry dictionary of national biography vol 29 pp 37 43 1 2 3 4 5 chisholm 1911 p 792 the victoria county history gives the date of ireton s first marriage as january 1647 lobel mary d 1957 victoria county history a history of the county of oxford volume 5 bullingdon hundred pp 168 177 rees john november 2016 the leveller revolution radical political organisation in england 1640 1650 verso books isbn 9781784783907 chisholm 1911 pp 792 793 1 2 chisholm 1911 p 793 farr david 2006 henry ireton and the english revolution boydell brewer isbn 9781843832355 jstor 10 7722 j ctt81grq retrieved 25 june 2023 ferguson sonia 2010 the stritch family the rise and demise of a limerick patrician family pdf history and folklore project limerick civic trust p 20 the death of oliver cromwell by hf mcmains duffy s hibernian magazine 1864 biography english civil wars archived from the original on 2 march 2012 retrieved 18 december 2012 h stanford london the heralds tabards under the commonwealth notes and queries vol 198 1953 pp 276 278 hayton pp 468 469 thomas bendish 1643 1707 was the younger son of sir thomas bendish 2nd baronet an illustrated guide to the blue plaques of beeston chilwell attenborough toton stapleford and bramcote southern broxtowe plaque group 2016 pdf retrieved 30 january 2019 chicago and north western railway company 1908 a history of the origin of the place names connected with the chicago north western and chicago st paul minneapolis omaha railways p 86 our wobbly few weeks www clicksaveandprint com archived from the original on 7 july 2022 retrieved 15 february 2021 references edit firth charles 1892 ireton henry dictionary of national biography vol 29 pp 37 43 citing wood s ath oxon iii 298 cornelius brown s lives of noted worthies 181 clarke papers published by the camden society gardiner s history of the civil war and of the commonwealth article by barbara taft in jason peacey regicide and republicanism dean j l 1990 henry ireton the mosaic law and morality in english civil politics from april 1646 to may 1649 cambridge university m litt dissertation hayton david et al 2002 the house of commons 1690 1715 volume 1 cambridge university press isbn 0 521 77221 4 isbn 978 0 521 77221 1 david farr henry ireton and the english revolution woodbridge boydell brewer 2006 attribution this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 ireton henry encyclopædia britannica vol 14 11th ed cambridge university press pp 792 793 political offices preceded by oliver cromwell lord lieutenant lord deputy of ireland 1650 1651 succeeded by charles fleetwood authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data poland israel people ireland deutsche biographie ddb other idref yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title henry_ireton oldid 1366902015 categories new model army generals english revolution...