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henry of flanders wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 life 2 leadership in the fourth crusade 3 in the latin empire 4 references 5 sources toggle sources subsection 5 1 primary 5 2 secondary 6 further reading toggle the table of contents henry of flanders 36 languages العربية مصرى беларуская български català dansk deutsch ελληνικά español euskara فارسی suomi français galego magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 ქართული 한국어 latina македонски plattdüütsch nederlands norsk bokmål occitan polski português română русский slovenščina српски srpski svenska türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia latin emperor from 1206 to 1216 henry of flanders emperor and autocrat of the romans seal of henry of flanders latin emperor of constantinople claimant byzantine emperor reign 1206 1216 1 coronation 20 august 1206 predecessor baldwin i successor peter and yolanda regent of the latin empire regency 1205 1206 born c 1178 valenciennes died 11 june 1216 thessaloniki spouses agnes of montferrat maria of bulgaria house house of flanders father baldwin v count of hainaut mother margaret i countess of flanders henry of flanders 1178 11 june 1216 was latin emperor of constantinople from 1206 until his death in 1216 he was one of the leaders of the fourth crusade in which the byzantine empire was conquered and latin empire formed life edit henry was born in valenciennes france around 1178 2 he was the son of count baldwin v of hainaut and countess margaret i of flanders 3 henry first married in 1204 agnes of montferrat daughter of boniface of montferrat 4 henry s only child by his first wife agnes died in childbirth with his mother 4 some contemporary historians say that henry made peace with bulgarians after the death of kaloyan and a marriage was arranged in 1213 between henry and maria daughter of kaloyan and stepdaughter of tsar boril of bulgaria 5 henry had a daughter with an unnamed mistress this daughter whose name is not recorded probably margaret isabel later married alexius slav who established his own state in the rhodope mountains 6 he was later given the title of despot 7 leadership in the fourth crusade edit having joined the fourth crusade in about 1201 he distinguished himself at the siege of constantinople of 1203 and elsewhere 8 during the july 1203 siege henry was one of eight division generals the others including boniface of montferrat the crusade leader doge enrico dandolo leader of the venetians louis of blois one of the first nobles to take the cross and henry s own brother baldwin ix of flanders who controlled the largest division during the 1204 siege henry led a chevauchée expedition to gain supplies and raided a castle in philia near the black sea with according to robert de clari about 30 knights and an unspecified number of mounted sergeants an ambush was laid for him by emperor alexius v ducas but henry and his force routed the greeks soundly captured a revered icon supposedly containing relics of christ and returned to the crusader camp he soon became prominent among the princes of the new latin empire in the latin empire edit when his elder brother emperor baldwin was captured at the battle of adrianople in april 1205 by the bulgarians henry was chosen regent of the empire succeeding to the throne when the news of baldwin s death arrived he was crowned on 20 august 1206 8 upon henry s ascension as latin emperor the lombard nobles of the kingdom of thessalonica refused to give him allegiance 9 a two year war ensued and after defeating the templar supported lombards henry confiscated the templar castles of ravennika and zetouni lamia 10 henry was a wise ruler whose reign was largely passed in successful struggles with tsar kaloyan of bulgaria and with his rival emperor theodore i lascaris of nicaea 8 he later fought against boril of bulgaria 1207 1218 and managed to defeat him in the battle of philippopolis 11 henry campaigned against the nicean empire expanding a small holding in asia minor at pegai with campaigns in 1207 at nicomedia and in 1211 1212 with the battle of the rhyndacus where he captured important nicean possessions at nymphaion 12 though theodore i laskaris could not oppose this later campaign it appears that henry decided it best to focus on his european problems for he sought a truce with theodore i in 1214 and amicably divided latin from nicean possessions to the favour of nicea 13 domestically henry appears to have a different character than many of the other crusader nobles as seen in his even handed and pragmatic treatment of the greeks george akropolites the contemporary 13th century greek historian notes that henry though a frank by birth behaved graciously to the romans who were natives of the city of constantine and ranked many of them among his magnates others among his soldiers while the common populace he treated as his own people 14 indeed when a papal legate pelagio galvani cardinal bishop of albano arrived in constantinople in 1213 and began to imprison orthodox clergy and to close churches on the orders of pope innocent iii henry countermanded the orders on the request of the city s greek clergy 15 henry appears to have been brave but not cruel and tolerant but not weak possessing the superior courage to oppose in a superstitious age the pride and avarice of the clergy 8 the emperor died poisoned it is said by oberto ii of biandrate ex regent of thessaloniki on 11 june 1216 16 gardner suggests this happened at the instigation of his wife maria of bulgaria 17 on his death his brother in law peter was crowned emperor in rome but never arrived in constantinople in the years 1217 to 1219 therefore the latin empire was ruled by yolanda henry s sister and peter s widow alone the last two latin emperors were peter and yolanda s sons robert i and baldwin ii references edit jeffreys elizabeth haldon john f cormack robin eds 2008 the oxford handbook of byzantine studies oxford university press p 965 isbn 978 0 19 925246 6 noble 2006 p 571 noble 2019 p 518 1 2 joinville and villehardouin 1963 pp 146 148 fine 1994 pp 81 82 fine 1994 pp 93 94 fine 1994 p 94 1 2 3 4 chisholm 1911 nicol 2002 p 12 coureas 2015 p 175 van tricht 2011 p 390 ostrogorsky 1969 p 430 akropolites 2007 pp 148 151 akropolites 2007 p 153 akropolites 2007 pp 155 156 sturdza 1999 p 477 gardner 1912 pp 85 86 sources edit primary edit akropolites george 2007 c 1270 the history translated by macrides ruth oxford university press this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 henry of romania encyclopædia britannica vol 13 11th ed cambridge university press p 280 secondary edit coureas nicholas 2015 the latin and greek churches in former byzantine lands under latin rule in tsougarakis nickiphoros i lock peter eds a companion to latin greece brill fine j v a 1994 the late medieval balkans a critical survey from the late twelfth century to the ottoman conquest university of michigan press gardner a 1912 the lascarids of nicæa the story of an empire in exile methuen joinville and villehardouin 1963 chronicles of the crusades translated by shaw m r b penguin nicol donald m 2002 the last centuries of byzantium 1261 1453 cambridge university press noble peter s 2006 henry of constantinople d 1216 in murray alan v ed the crusades an encyclopedia vol 2 abc clio noble peter s 2019 henry of constantinople in tucker spencer c ed middle east conflicts from ancient egypt to the 21st century an encyclopedia and document collection vol ii abc clio ostrogorsky george 1969 history of the byzantine state rutgers university press sturdza m d 1999 dictionnaire historique et généalogique des grandes familles de grèce d albanie et de constantinople 2e ed chez l auteur van tricht filip 2011 the latin renovatio of byzantium the empire of constantinople 1204 1228 translated by longbottom peter brill further reading edit harris jonathan 2014 byzantium and the crusades 2nd ed bloomsbury henry of flanders house of hainaut born c 1176 died 11 june 1216 regnal titles preceded by baldwin i latin emperor of constantinople 1206 1216 succeeded by peter and yolanda v t e monarchs of the latin empire of constantinople reigning monarchs 1204 1261 baldwin i henry yolanda with peter regencies of conon de béthune and giovanni colonna robert i baldwin ii with john of brienne titular monarchs 1261 1383 baldwin ii philip i catherine i with charles catherine ii with philip ii robert ii philip iii james catholicism portal authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast national united states netherlands greece vatican israel people deutsche biographie ddb other idref yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title henry_of_flanders oldid 1358756916 categories 1170s births 1216 deaths 13th century latin emperors of constantinople christians of the fourth crusade deaths by poisoning house of hainaut regents of the latin empire sons of counts sons of countesses regnant hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from december 2023 wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 encyclopaedia britannica with wikisource reference wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 encyclopædia britannica this page was last edited on 10 june 2026 at 19 16 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents henry of flanders 36 languages add topic