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heteropolyoxometalate wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 structure toggle structure subsection 1 1 heteropolyacids 1 2 isomerism 2 lacunary structures 3 uses 4 see also 5 citations 6 references toggle the table of contents heteropolyoxometalate 7 languages čeština italiano 日本語 polski português தமிழ் 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from heteropoly acid ion with many transition metals heteropolymetalates k 5 imo 6 o 24 n h 2 o ag 7 pv 12 o 36 n h 2 o nh 4 4 nimo 6 o 24 h 6 5h 2 o k 3 crmo 6 o 24 h 6 n h 2 o nh 4 8 cemo 12 o 42 8h 2 o the heteropolyoxometalates consist of two or more transition metal oxyanions linked together by shared oxygen atoms forming a more or less closed three dimensional molecular framework their general molecular formula is x x m m o o k with x 1 m 3 o 9 k 0 and x m e g s p si etc in contrast to isopolyoxometalates which contain transition metal and oxygen only the heteropolyoxometalates contain additional main group oxyanions like phosphate and silicate the metal atoms are usually group 6 mo w or less commonly group 5 v nb ta transition metals in their highest oxidation states they are usually colorless to orange diamagnetic anions for most heteropoly oxo metalates the w mo or v is complemented by main group oxyanions phosphate and silicate many exceptions to these general statements exist and the class of compounds includes hundreds of examples 1 2 structure edit certain structural motifs recur the keggin ion for example is common to both molybdates and tungstates with diverse central heteroatoms the keggin and dawson structures have tetrahedrally coordinated heteroatoms such as p or si and the anderson structure 3 has an octahedral central atom such as aluminium strandberg type hp 2 mo 5 o 23 4 α keggin type xm 12 o 40 n α dawson type x 2 m 18 o 62 n anderson type xm 6 o 24 n allman waugh type xm 9 o 32 n weakley yamase type xm 10 o 36 n dexter silverton type xm 12 o 42 n heteropolyacids edit generally the heteropoly oxo metalates are more thermally robust than isopoly oxo metalates this trend reflects the stabilizing influence of the tetrahedral oxyanion that glues together the transition metal oxo framework one reflection of their ruggedness heteropolymetalates can be isolated in their acid form whereas homopolymetalates typically cannot examples include 4 5 silicotungstic acid h 4 siw 12 o 40 n h 2 o phosphomolybdic acid h 3 mo 12 po 40 n h 2 o phosphotungstic acid h 3 w 12 po 40 n h 2 o isomerism edit the keggin structure type has 5 isomers which are obtained by conceptually rotating one or more of the four m 3 o 13 units through 60 6 α keggin isomer β keggin isomer γ keggin isomer δ keggin isomer ε keggin isomer lacunary structures edit the structure of some poms are derived from a larger pom s structure by removing one or more addenda atoms and their attendant oxide ions giving a defect structure called a lacunary structure an example of a compound with a dawson lacunary structure is as 2 w 15 o 56 7 in 2014 vanadate species with similar selective metal binding properties were reported 8 uses edit a polyoxovanadate pov of the species v 14 sb 8 o 42 in the alpha form the isomers differ by the position of the half rings toward each other this povs can be linked e g by octahedrally coordinated nickel ii this type of acid is a common re usable acid catalyst in chemical reactions 9 dawson ion dawson structure x 2 m 18 o 62 n the heteropolyacids are widely used as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts 10 particularly those based on the keggin structure as they can possess qualities such as good thermal stability high acidity and high oxidising ability some examples of catalysis are 11 homogeneous acid catalysis hydrolysis of propene to give propan 2 ol by h 3 pmo 12 o 40 and h 3 pw 12 o 40 prins reaction by h 3 pw 12 o 40 polymerisation of tetrahydrofuran by h 3 pw 12 o 40 heterogeneous acid catalysis dehydration of propan 2 ol to propene and methanol to hydrocarbons by h 3 pw 12 o 40 reformation of hexane to 2 methylpentane isohexane by h 3 pw 12 o 40 on sio 2 homogeneous oxidation cyclohexene h 2 o 2 to adipic acid by the mixed addenda h 3 pmo 6 v 6 o 40 ketone by o 2 to acid and aldehyde by mixed addenda h 5 pmo 10 v 2 o 40 heteropolyacids have long been used in analysis and histology and are a component of many reagents e g the folin ciocalteu reagent folins phenol reagent used in the lowry protein assay and epta ethanolic phosphotungstic acid see also edit polyoxometalate phosphomolybdic acid phosphotungstic acid silicotungstic acid citations edit greenwood n n earnshaw a 1997 chemistry of the elements 2nd ed oxford butterworth heinemann isbn 978 0 7506 3365 9 pope m t 1983 heteropoly and isopoly oxometalates new york springer verlag blazevic amir rompel annette january 2016 the anderson evans polyoxometalate from inorganic building blocks via hybrid organic inorganic structures to tomorrows bio pom coordination chemistry reviews 307 42 64 doi 10 1016 j ccr 2015 07 001 dias j a dias s c l caliman e 2014 keggin structure polyoxometalates keggin structure polyoxometalates inorganic syntheses vol 36 p 210 217 doi 10 1002 9781118744994 ch39 isbn 9781118744994 handbook of preparative inorganic chemistry 2nd ed edited by g brauer academic press 1963 ny baker louis c w figgis jane s june 1970 new fundamental type of inorganic complex hybrid between heteropoly and conventional coordination complexes possibilities for geometrical isomerisms in 11 12 17 and 18 heteropoly derivatives j amer chem soc 92 12 3794 3797 doi 10 1021 ja00715a047 mbombekalle i m keita b nadjo l berthet p neiwert w a hill c l ritorto m d anderson t m 2003 manganous heteropolytungstates synthesis and heteroatom effects in wells dawson derived sandwich complexes dalton trans 2003 13 2646 2650 doi 10 1039 b304255c kastner k margraf j t clark t streb c 2014 a molecular placeholder strategy to access a family of transition metal functionalized vanadium oxide clusters chem eur j 20 38 12269 12273 doi 10 1002 chem 201403592 pmid 25082170 mizuno noritaka misono makoto 1998 heterogeneous catalysis chemical reviews 98 1 199 217 doi 10 1021 cr960401q pmid 11851503 kozhevnikov i v 1998 catalysis by heteropoly acids and multicomponent polyoxometalates in liquid phase reactions chemical reviews 98 1 171 198 doi 10 1021 cr960400y pmid 11851502 okuhara t misono m 1994 oxide catalysts in solid state chemistry in king r bruce ed encyclopedia of inorganic chemistry john wiley and sons isbn 0 471 93620 0 references edit cotton f albert wilkinson geoffrey murillo carlos a bochmann manfred 1999 advanced inorganic chemistry 6th ed new york wiley interscience isbn 0 471 19957 5 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title heteropolyoxometalate oldid 1376190884 categories heteropoly acids acid catalysts hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata this page was last edited on 22 september 2026 at 17 13 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents heteropolyoxometalate 7 languages add topic