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hijri era wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 definition toggle definition subsection 1 1 shia view 2 history toggle history subsection 2 1 predecessors 2 2 establishment 3 formula 4 see also 5 notes 6 references 7 further reading toggle the table of contents hijri era 26 languages العربية অসমীয়া भोजपुरी বাংলা čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español euskara فارسی français हिन्दी bahasa indonesia latina ລາວ मराठी bahasa melayu پنجابی português slovenčina shqip svenska اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia era in the islamic calendar this article is about the islamic era for the calendar year see islamic calendar part of a series on islam beliefs oneness of god angels holy books prophets judgement day barzakh predestination resurrection heaven hell practices profession of faith prayer almsgiving fasting pilgrimage texts foundations quran sunnah hadith hadith qudsi sirah tafsir exegesis ijtihad aqidah creed qisas al anbiya stories of the prophets mathnawi poems fiqh jurisprudence sharia law history timeline jahiliyyah muhammad ahl al bayt early muslims salaf companions second generation third generation succession to muhammad rashidun caliphate imamate spread of islam shia sunni relations culture and society academics animals art association football calendar cats censorship children circumcision democracy demographics diaspora denominations sunni shia ibadi economics education ethics exorcism feminism finance friday prayer halal holidays liberalism madrasa moral teachings mosque multiculturalism music mysticism philosophy poetry politics proselytizing science sexuality lgbtq slavery concubinage social welfare women related topics arabic apostasy criticism muhammad quran hadith golden age other religions islamism islamophobia jihad jihadism salafi jihadism deobandi jihadism military laws peace pacifism symbols muslims glossary index outline islam portal v t e today at utc 00 sunday 11 october 2026 islamic 28 rabi al thani ah 1448 using tabular method solar hijri 19 mehr sh 1405 other calendars akan kurukwasi armenian 23 sahmi 1476 aztec izcalli 9 2 ehēcatl babylonian 28 ululu 2337 se balinese pawukon menga pasah menala umanis paniron redite of kelawu yama urungan pandita bengali 26 ashshin bs 1433 chinese yang earth horse star mansion fire horse year month 9 day 2 hanlu 12 days until shuangjiang common era 11 october 2026 ce coptic 1 paopi am 1743 egyptian 28 mechir 2775 ne ethiopian 1 ṭeqemt 2019 amätä məhrät french republican décade ii nonidi de vendémiaire de l année 235 de la république gregorian 11 october ad 2026 hebrew 30 tishrei am 5787 hindu citrā vaidhṛti solar 25 āśvina 1948 se lunisolar pratipada śukla pakṣa of āśvina 2083 ve rāudra 5127 ky 1 872 859 icelandic sunnudagur 18 haustmánuður 2026 iso week date 2026 w41 7 japanese 1 nagatsuki reiwa 8 kanro 12 days until sōkō julian 28 september ad 2026 am 7534 julian day 2461325 korean 1 gaedal 4359 de maya 13 0 14 0 2 15 yax 2 ik roman ante diem iv kalendas octobres mmdcclxxix auc tibetan 1 tha skar me pho rta 2153 or 1772 or 1000 refresh the hijri era arabic التقويم الهجري romanized at taqwīm al hijrī is the calendar era used to record dates in the islamic world its epoch start point of the era is the year in which muhammad and his followers migrated from mecca to yathrib now medina in 622 ce 1 this event known as the hijrah is commemorated in islam for its role in the founding of the first muslim community ummah time in this era is measured by two principal calendars the islamic lunar hijri calendar which counts lunar years of 354 to 355 days and the persian solar hijri calendar which counts solar years of 365 to 366 days in the west dates in the lunar hijri calendar are denoted as ah latin anno hegirae or hijri year arabic سنة هجرية romanized sanat hijriyya lit in the year of the hijra in the style of the christian ad common ce and jewish eras am and can similarly be placed before preferably or after the date in predominantly muslim countries it is also commonly abbreviated h hijra from its arabic abbreviation hāʾ هـ years prior to ah 1 are reckoned in english as bh before the hijra which follows the date 1 dates in the solar hijri calendar are denoted as sh the current year since the hijra is ah 1448 according to the lunar calendar a and sh 1405 according to the solar calendar the growing difference in numbering of currently 42 43 years arises because a lunar year is about eleven days shorter than a solar year the solar hijri year corresponds closely with the gregorian but its year begins on the march equinox rather than on 1 january so the era offset toggles between 622 years for almost three months and 621 years for over nine months the beginning of the lunar hijri year on the other hand moves earlier by at least ten days each solar year because twelve lunar months amount to only 354 or 355 days the current gregorian year 2026 ce corresponds to the persian years sh 1404 1405 and to the islamic years ah 1447 1448 conversely sh 1405 and ah 1448 correspond to 2026 2027 ce b some solar years cover a full lunar year and some days of adjacent years on both ends e g 1976 2008 and 2041 ce or 1380 sh in 2034 ce the solar and lunar hijri years will begin within two days of each other definition edit see also lunar calendar and solar calendar the hijri era is calculated according to the islamic lunar calendar whose epoch first year is the year of muhammad s hijrah and begins on the first day of the month of muharram equivalent to the julian calendar date of july 16 622 ce 2 c the date of the hijrah itself did not form the islamic new year instead the system continues the earlier ordering of the months with the hijrah occurring around the 8th day of rabi al awwal 66 days into the first year shia view edit further information solar hijri calendar unlike sunnis twelver shias start the hijri year with the month of the hijra rabi al awwal rejecting that muharram is the start of a new year as a result of this the dates of some events are described differently by one year for example shias state that the muharram transpiring battle of karbala occurred 60 years after the hijra while sunnis state it to have occurred 61 years after 3 4 in shia islam the calendar year is entirely determined by solar observation or calculation the first day of the new year is determined by the moment of the northern hemisphere spring equinox therefore the difference between lunar and solar hijri era counts has grown to 42 43 years now history edit predecessors edit by the age of muhammad there was already an arabian lunar calendar with named months likewise the years of its calendar used conventional names rather than numbers 5 for example the year of the birth of muhammad and of ammar ibn yasir 570 ce was known as the year of the elephant 6 the first year of the hijra 622 623 ce was named the permission to travel in this calendar 5 establishment edit further information islamic calendar year numbering 17 years after the hijra 5 7 a complaint from abu musa ashaari prompted the caliph umar to abolish the practice of named years and to establish a new calendar era umar chose as epoch for the new muslim calendar the hijrah the emigration of muhammad and 70 muslims from mecca to medina 8 tradition credits othman with the successful proposal simply continuing the order of the months that had already been established by muhammad beginning with muharram citation needed as there was no set order of months during the pre islamic era age of ignorance jahiliya adoption of this calendar was then enforced by umar 9 the ottoman turkish rumi calendar used day and month of the julian calendar from its 1 march 1840 ad gregorian 13 march paired with the hijri era for years but started with 1256 ah and kept the constant offset of 584 years thereafter instead of retrofitting it to 1218 sh i e 622 years offset so its difference to the persian count remained 38 years formula edit see also list of islamic years and islamic new year different approximate conversion formulas between the gregorian ad or ce and the islamic lunar calendars ah are possible 10 11 12 ah 1 030684 ce 621 5643 ce 0 970229 ah 621 5643 or ah ce 622 33 32 ce ah 32 33 622 given that the lunar islamic new year does not begin january 1 and that a lunar hijri calendar year is about 11 days shorter than a gregorian calendar year 13 d there is no direct correspondence between years of the two eras a given hijri year will usually fall in two successive gregorian years a ce year will always overlap two or occasionally three successive hijri years for example the year 2008 ce maps to the last week of ah 1428 15 all of 1429 16 and the first few days of 1430 17 similarly the year 1976 ce corresponded with the last few days of ah 1395 all of 1396 and the first week of 1397 the solar hijri calendar year is almost exactly the same length as a gregorian calendar year and although it always begins at the march equinox date conversion between the systems is trivial see also edit islam portal months in every year lunar hijri calendar months solar hijri calendar months battle of badr first major battle in early islam 624 prophetic biography biographies of muhammad pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets glossary of islam notes edit calculated using the tabular islamic calendar see list of islamic years modern this date is based on a reconstruction of the early islamic calendar and assuming that intercalation was performed before 10 ah an earlier date in april is also possible as the mean duration of a tropical year is 365 24219 days while the long term average duration of a lunar year is 354 36707 days 14 the average lunar year is 365 24219 354 36707 10 88149 days shorter than the average solar year causing months of the hijri calendar to advance about eleven days earlier relative to dates in the gregorian calendar every calendar year the precise number of days varies depending on accumulated differences and potential for leap years to happen at different times references edit 1 2 registration locations government of sharjah archived from the original on 2 february 2017 retrieved 21 january 2017 thomann johannes islamischer kalender universität zurich universität zürich asien orient institut archived from the original on 10 june 2023 retrieved 11 april 2023 rizvi sa eed akhtar 1401 martyrdom of imam husayn and the muslim and jewish calendars al serat a journal of islamic studies 6 3 4 retrieved 13 april 2024 via ahlul bayt digital islamic library project al hilli mohammed 22 september 2021 muharram may not be the start of the islamic hijri new year ahlul bayt digital islamic library project retrieved 13 april 2024 1 2 3 aisha el awady 2002 06 11 ramadan and the lunar calendar islamonline net archived from the original on 2006 12 14 retrieved 2006 12 16 hajjah adil amina prophet muhammad isca jun 1 2002 isbn 1 930409 11 7 hakim muhammad said 1981 the history of the islamic calendar in the light of the hijra ahlul bayt digital islamic library project archived from the original on 2011 06 10 retrieved 2006 12 16 the beginning of hijri calendar archived 2019 01 01 at the wayback machine paul lunde saudi aramco world magazine november december 2005 retrieved 1 1 2019 umar bin al khattab 2002 islamic actions and social mandates the hijri calendar witness pioneer org archived from the original on 2018 08 19 retrieved 2006 12 16 islamic and christian dating systems archived from the original on 2017 02 03 retrieved 2015 10 11 clark malcolm 2013 islam for dummies hoboken n j john wiley sons p 489 isbn 978 1118053966 hodgson marshall g s 1977 the venture of islam conscience and history in a world civilization chicago university of chicago press p 21 isbn 0226346862 chisholm hugh ed 1911 hejira encyclopædia britannica vol 13 11th ed cambridge university press p 218 p kenneth seidelmann ed 1992 explanatory supplement to the astronomical almanac p 577 for convenience it is common to speak of a lunar year of twelve synodic months or 354 36707 days which gives a mean synodic month as 29 53059 days or 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes and 3 seconds islamic new year observed today president airs wish for peace on amon jadid exhorts muslims to assist in nat l resurgence manila bulletin january 20 2007 via questia dead link islamic new year to be observed on 11th january aaj news aaj tv 2008 01 10 archived from the original on 2018 12 22 retrieved 2013 05 22 visibility of muharram crescent 1430 ah islamic crescents observation project archived from the original on 2021 02 23 retrieved 2018 12 21 further reading edit f a shamsi 1984 the date of hijrah islamic studies 23 4 189 224 289 332 doi 10 52541 isiri v23i04 5909 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title hijri_era oldid 1379621426 categories arabic words and phrases islamic calendar islamic terminology calendar eras hijrah hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing arabic language text articles containing latin language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from september 2015 webarchive template wayback links wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 encyclopaedia britannica with wikisource reference all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from october 2026 pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via module annotated link this page was last edited on 11 october 2026 at 00 56 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents hijri era 26 languages add topic