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dept director vacant logistic support dept director zhang lin equipment development dept director xu xueqiang training and administration dept director wang peng national defense mobilization dept director liu faqing discipline inspection commission secretary zhang shengmin politics and legal affairs commission science and technology commission strategic planning office reform organizational structure office int l military cooperation office audit office offices administration agency national armed forces people s liberation army theater commands people s armed police 1st mobile contingent 2nd mobile contingent china coast guard militia state council national defense mobilization commission chairman li qiang ministry of national defense minister dong jun ministry of veterans affairs state administration for sci tech industry for national defense military history armed conflicts military modernization military reform since 2015 cmc leading group for military reform leader xi jinping supervisory organ national supervisory commission director liu jinguo corruption in china anti corruption campaign since 2012 independent commission against corruption hong kong commission against corruption macau judicial organs supreme people s court president zhang jun people s courts judicial police supreme people s procuratorate procurator general ying yong people s procuratorates judicial police judiciary of hong kong court of final appeal department of justice prosecutions division law enforcement in hong kong disciplined services security bureau hong kong police force judiciary of macau court of final appeal public prosecutions office secretariat for security macau security force unitary police services zh public security police judiciary police zh united front system of multi party cooperation and political consultation political consultative conference national committee 14th standing committee of the national committee 14th chairman wang huning vice chairpersons top ranked shi taifeng secretary general wang dongfeng political parties ccp ruling united front work department head li ganjie democratic parties rcck cdl cndca capd cpwdp czgp js tdsl historical parties kmt cdsp ycp federation of industry and commerce people s organizations law enforcement ccp central politics and law commission secretary chen wenqing ministry of public security minister wang xiaohong ministry of state security minister chen yixin ministry of justice minister he rong propaganda central leading group for propaganda ideology and culture leader cai qi deputy leaders li shulei shen yiqin central guidance commission on building spiritual civilization director cai qi deputy director li shulei publicity department of the chinese communist party head li shulei general administration of press and publication china film administration state council information office china daily ministry of culture and tourism national radio and television administration china media group china central television china global television network china national radio china radio international xinhua news agency reference news china news service people s daily global times china today censorship in china great cannon great firewall overseas censorship radio jamming media of china internal media international communication centers publishing industry in china internet in china internet censorship central cyberspace affairs commission director cai qi cyberspace administration of china director zhuang rongwen hong kong macau central leading group on hong kong and macau affairs leader ding xuexiang hk macau affairs office director xia baolong hong kong liaison office macau liaison office one country two systems special administrative regions hong kong basic law chief executive john lee ka chiu hong kong sar government politics of hong kong pro beijing camp pro democracy camp independence movement mainland hk cepa macao basic law chief executive sam hou fai macau sar government politics of 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abroad china portal other countries v t e the history of the chinese communist party began with its establishment in july 1921 a study group led by peking university professors chen duxiu together with a group of people around him such as li dazhao li hanjun yu xiusong and shi cuntong to discuss marxism along with communist international support led to the official founding of the chinese communist party ccp in july 1921 in 1923 the founding father of the republic of china sun yat sen invited the ccp to form a united front and to join his nationalist party the kuomintang kmt in canton for training under representatives of the communist international the soviet union s international organization the soviet representatives reorganized both parties into leninist parties rather than the loose organization that characterized the two parties until then the leninist party operated on the principle of democratic centralism in which the collective leadership set standards for membership and an all powerful central committee determined the party line which all members must follow the ccp grew rapidly in the northern expedition 1925 1927 a military unification campaign led by sun yat sen s successor chiang kai shek the party still led by urban intellectuals developed a radical agenda of mass mobilization labor organization rural uprisings anti imperialism and national unification as the northern expedition neared success chiang in december 1927 unleashed a white terror that virtually wiped out the ccp in the cities nevertheless mao zedong whose autumn harvest uprising had been a spectacular failure in mobilizing local peasants became the leader of the ccp and established rural bases in yan an and the jinggang mountains to protect these bases he also formed the chinese red army and engaged in prominent military campaigns such as the long march during the second sino japanese war 1937 1945 mao led a rectification campaign to emphasize maoism and solidify his leadership of the party and after the war he led the ccp to victory in the chinese civil war 1945 1949 and established the people s republic of china prc in the years after 1949 the structure of the ccp remained leninist but the ccp s style of leadership changed several times origins of the ccp 1905 1922 edit before the first congress edit flag of the chinese communist party flag of the chinese communist party before the 1990s location of the 1st national congress of the chinese communist party in july 1921 on xintiandi former french concession shanghai marxist and socialist ideas began spreading among chinese intellectuals in the late qing dynasty as chinese intellectuals began studying the work of european philosophers 1 one of the earliest chinese promoters of marxism was zhu zhixin a revolutionary author and close colleague of sun yat sen who in 1905 introduced and translated excerpts of the communist manifesto into chinese 1 2 sun yat sen was also an early proponent of certain socialist ideals arguing that the doctrine of minsheng incorporated elements of socialism and communism or people s livelihood an idea centered around the taxation of land 3 the ccp still claims ideological continuity with sun yat sen viewing him as a precursor to the chinese communist movement and one of the founders of their movement 4 5 sun stated our principle of livelihood is a form of communism 6 his widow soong ching ling was named honorary president of the people s republic of china in 1981 7 new culture movement background aftermath of the 1911 revolution second revolution coronation of yuan shikai national protection war manchu restoration constitutional protection movement warlord era eastward spread of western learning scientific revolution boxer indemnity scholarship french revolution russian revolution may fourth movement ideologies democracy science scientism anti confucianism social darwinism anarchism modernism liberalism socialism communism new humanism practice westernization east west cultural debate total westernization democratization simplification of chinese characters romanization of chinese languages writing with vernacular chinese national language movement translation of foreign literature sorting out national heritages feminist movement education reforms schools of thought doubting antiquity school xueheng school chinese communist party creation society new confucianism crescent moon society league of left wing writers major publications new youth the critical review a madman s diary the tiger notable people ba jin chen duxiu guo moruo hu shih lao she li dazhao lu xun mao dun qian xuantong shen congwen yu dafu zhu ziqing kang youwei v t e following the 1919 may fourth movement communism began to gain traction in china 8 during 1919 and 1920 reading groups focused on the study of marxism began to develop in china with participants who had been involved in political movements of the 1910s like chen duxiu and li dazhao as well as younger activists including mao zedong 9 23 in the summer of 1919 the russian communist party bolsheviks decided to assist people of the far east by establishing the far eastern bureau of the communist international 10 in april 1920 a soviet communist international comintern agent grigori voitinsky was one of several sent to china where he met li dazhao and other reformers 10 95 while in china voitinsky financed the founding of the socialist youth corps 11 32 35 voitinsky founded the far eastern bureau of the comintern at shanghai on 5 july he attended a meeting of russian communists in china to promote the establishment of the ccp he helped chen found the shanghai revolutionary bureau also known as the shanghai communist group numerous comintern agents went to china to help the chinese and koreans establish communist groups voitinsky provided these groups with promotional conference and study abroad expenses 12 114 in november 1920 voitinsky working with chen duxiu and others issued the chinese communist party manifesto and started a monthly publication called the communist party 13 voitinsky left the republic of china in early 1921 prior to the founding meeting in july 2021 10 123 in early june 1921 two comintern representatives vladimir neumann known as nikolsky and dutch national henk sneevliet known as maring arrived in shanghai and urged li da to call various communist cells in the country to come together for a national level meeting to form a communist party 10 233 first congress edit main article 1st national congress of the chinese communist party the ccp s first formal meeting took place on july 23 1921 when 13 chinese representatives of local groups totaling 57 members 14 who had met over the course of the preceding two years gathered in shanghai 9 24 the site of the meeting was the residence of li hanjun in the shanghai french concession at 106 rue wantz now 76 xingye road 10 1 255 after several days of meeting security concerns prompted the group to instead meet on a houseboat on lake in nearby zhejiang 9 24 the general assembly adopted the first program of the communist party of china stating that the party is to be named the communist party of china and specifying its objectives to overthrow the power of the capitalist class to eradicate capitalism and private ownership of property and to join the comintern 15 the key delegates in the congress were li dazhao chen duxiu chen gongbo tan pingshan zhang guotao he mengxiong luo zhanglong and deng zhongxia 16 mao zedong was present at the first congress as one of two delegates from a hunan communist group other attendees included dong biwu li hanjun li da chen tanqiu liu renjing zhou fohai he shuheng deng enming comintern representatives henk sneevliet and vladimir neumann commonly known as nikolsky also attended the meeting 17 10 229 in addition to sneevliet s role in introducing leninist organizational models academic tony saich identifies other significant factors in the ccp s establishment including 1 the belief by many chinese intellectuals that marxism offered novel solutions to china s problems 2 chinese marxists became on the ground activists as opposed to only theorists and 4 the marxist study circles in china had strong interpersonal bonds and 4 these tight knit groups developed a consensus that leninist organizational models were necessary for cohesion and to resist external pressures 18 47 the period of the ccp s development between 1921 and 1934 is often referred to as the communist international era because the soviet union was the key sponsor of ccp activities 19 35 first united front 1922 1927 edit main article first united front in the early 1920s the bolsheviks and the communist international s leaders believed that in china the kuomintang should be supported as it was in their view the country s most viable progressive force 9 24 in august 1922 sneevliet called a surprise special plenum of the central committee during the meeting sneevliet proposed that party members join the kuomintang on t...