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museum retrieved august 27 2026 radiomuseum org wall street journal chrysler promises car radio with transistors instead of tubes in 56 april 28th 1955 page 1 1955 chrysler s all transistor mopar car radio www allpar com november 16 2020 mopar 914 hr ch c 5690hr car radio philco philadelphia in german radiomuseum org retrieved november 24 2021 heritage 1950 1959 fca north america archived from the original on april 2 2015 skrabec quentin r jr 2012 the 100 most significant events in american business an encyclopedia abc clio pp 195 7 isbn 978 0 313 39863 6 snook chris j november 29 2017 the 7 step formula sony used to get back on top after a lost decade inc david lane robert lane 1994 transistor radios a collector s encyclopedia and price guide wallace homestead book company isbn 0 87069 712 9 pages 2 7 kozinsky sieva january 8 2014 education and the innovator s dilemma wired retrieved october 14 2019 how to build experimental transistor receivers popular mechanics vol 100 no 4 chicago popular mechanics co october 1953 pp 246 248 garner lou november 1957 transistorized instrument amplifier popular mechanics vol 108 no 5 chicago popular mechanics co pp 160 162 the university of manchester celebrates the birth of the modern computer archived 2012 05 04 at the wayback machine from computer50 org the transistor computer frosch c j derick l 1957 surface protection and selective masking during diffusion in silicon journal of the electrochemical society 104 9 547 doi 10 1149 1 2428650 huff howard riordan michael september 1 2007 frosch and derick fifty years later foreword the electrochemical society interface 16 3 29 doi 10 1149 2 f02073if issn 1064 8208 us2802760a lincoln derick frosch carl j oxidation of semiconductive surfaces for controlled diffusion issued august 13 1957 frosch c j derick l 1957 surface protection and selective masking during diffusion in silicon journal of the electrochemical society 104 9 547 doi 10 1149 1 2428650 bassett ross knox 2007 to the digital age research labs start up companies and the rise of mos technology johns hopkins university press pp 22 23 isbn 978 0 8018 8639 3 atalla m kahng d 1960 silicon silicon dioxide field induced surface devices ire aiee solid state device research conference 1960 metal oxide semiconductor mos transistor demonstrated the silicon engine computer history museum retrieved january 16 2023 kahng d 1961 silicon silicon dioxide surface device technical memorandum of bell laboratories 583 596 doi 10 1142 9789814503464_0076 isbn 978 981 02 0209 5 cite journal isbn date incompatibility help cs1 maint periodical has isbn link lojek bo 2007 history of semiconductor engineering berlin heidelberg springer verlag berlin heidelberg p 321 isbn 978 3 540 34258 8 motoyoshi m 2009 through silicon via tsv proceedings of the ieee 97 1 43 48 doi 10 1109 jproc 2008 2007462 issn 0018 9219 s2cid 29105721 transistors keep moore s law alive eetimes december 12 2018 retrieved july 18 2019 1 2 who invented the transistor computer history museum december 4 2013 retrieved july 20 2019 1 2 hittinger william c 1973 metal oxide semiconductor technology scientific american 229 2 48 59 bibcode 1973sciam 229b 48h doi 10 1038 scientificamerican0873 48 issn 0036 8733 jstor 24923169 c a mead february 1966 schottky barrier gate field effect transistor pdf proceedings of the ieee 54 2 307 308 bibcode 1966ieeep 54 307m doi 10 1109 proc 1966 4661 d kahng and s m sze a floating gate and its application to memory devices the bell system technical journal vol 46 no 4 1967 pp 1288 1295 1 2 13 sextillion counting the long winding road to the most frequently manufactured human artifact in history computer history museum april 2 2018 retrieved july 28 2019 baker r jacob 2011 cmos circuit design layout and simulation john wiley sons p 7 isbn 978 1 118 03823 9 1960 metal oxide semiconductor mos transistor demonstrated the silicon engine computer history museum frosch c j derick l 1957 surface protection and selective masking during diffusion in silicon journal of the electrochemical society 104 9 547 doi 10 1149 1 2428650 howard r duff 2001 john bardeen and transistor physics aip conference proceedings vol 550 pp 3 32 doi 10 1063 1 1354371 1963 complementary mos circuit configuration is invented computer history museum retrieved july 6 2019 sah chih tang wanlass frank 1963 nanowatt logic using field effect metal oxide semiconductor triodes 1963 ieee international solid state circuits conference digest of technical papers vol vi pp 32 33 doi 10 1109 isscc 1963 1157450 1 2 1968 silicon gate technology developed for ics computer history museum retrieved july 22 2019 chan yi jen 1992 studies of inaias ingaas and gainp gaas heterostructure fet s for high speed applications university of michigan p 1 the si mosfet has revolutionized the electronics industry and as a result impacts our daily lives in almost every conceivable way rethink power density with gan electronic design april 21 2017 retrieved july 23 2019 grant duncan andrew gowar john 1989 power mosfets theory and applications wiley p 1 isbn 978 0 471 82867 9 the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor mosfet is the most commonly used active device in the very large scale integration of digital integrated circuits vlsi during the 1970s these components revolutionized electronic signal processing control systems and computers remarks by director iancu at the 2019 international intellectual property conference united states patent and trademark office june 10 2019 retrieved july 20 2019 1 2 colinge jean pierre greer james c 2016 nanowire transistors physics of devices and materials in one dimension cambridge university press p 2 isbn 978 1 107 05240 6 1964 first commercial mos ic introduced computer history museum tortoise of transistors wins the race chm revolution computer history museum retrieved july 22 2019 kilby j s 2007 miniaturized electronic circuits us patent no 3 138 743 ieee solid state circuits society newsletter 12 2 44 54 doi 10 1109 n ssc 2007 4785580 issn 1098 4232 design news design news 27 1 8 cahners publishing company 275 1972 today under contracts with some 20 major companies we re working on nearly 30 product programs applications of mos lsi technology for automobiles trucks appliances business machines musical instruments computer peripherals cash registers calculators data transmission and telecommunication equipment solid state design vol 6 horizon house 1965 robert dennard encyclopedia britannica retrieved july 8 2019 1971 reusable semiconductor rom introduced computer history museum retrieved june 19 2019 1971 microprocessor integrates cpu function onto a single chip the silicon engine computer history museum retrieved july 22 2019 cushman robert h september 20 1975 2 1 2 generation μp s 10 parts that perform like low end mini s pdf edn 1 2 nigel tout sharp qt 8d micro compet vintage calculators web museum retrieved september 29 2010 1 2 3 hand held calculators vintage calculators web museum retrieved july 22 2019 malmstadt howard v enke christie g crouch stanley r 1994 making the right connections microcomputers and electronic instrumentation american chemical society p 389 isbn 978 0 8412 2861 0 the relative simplicity and low power requirements of mosfets have fostered today s microcomputer revolution 1 2 power mosfet basics pdf alpha omega semiconductor retrieved july 29 2019 power supply technology buck dc dc converters mouser electronics retrieved august 11 2019 grant duncan andrew gowar john 1989 power mosfets theory and applications wiley p 239 isbn 978 0 471 82867 9 irwin j david 1997 the industrial electronics handbook crc press p 218 isbn 978 0 8493 8343 4 halfacree gareth researchers build the world s first wooden transistor aim at control of electronic plants hackster io retrieved april 30 2023 books and literature edit gertner john 2012 the idea factory bell labs and the great age of american innovation penguin books isbn 978 0 14 312279 1 a history of bell laboratories and its technological innovations riordan michael hoddeson lillian 1998 crystal fire w w norton company limited isbn 978 0 393 31851 7 the invention of the transistor the birth of the information age kai handel june 29 1999 anfänge der halbleiterforschung und entwicklung dargestellt an den biographien von vier deutschen halbleiterpionieren phd thesis rwth aachen out of the crystal maze chapters from the history of solid state physics 728s electronic genie the tangled history of silicon 304s the invention that changed the world how a small group of radar pioneers won the second world war and launched a tech 576s external links edit wikibooks has a book on the topic of transistors the bell systems memorial on transistors ieee global history network the transistor and portable electronics all about the history of transistors and integrated circuits transistorized historical and technical information from the public broadcasting service this month in physics history november 17 to december 23 1947 invention of the first transistor from the american physical society 50 years of the transistor from science friday december 12 1997 jack ganssle the transistor 60 years old and still switching eetimes article november 28 2007 john markoff parallel inventor of the transistor has his moment new york times february 24 2003 michael riordan how europe missed the transistor ieee spectrum vol 42 issue 11 s 52 57 november 2005 armand van dormael the french transistor archived 2016 06 24 at the wayback machine doi 10 1109 mspec 2005 1526906 mark p d burgess 2008 semiconductor history faraday to shockley v t e electronic components semiconductor devices mos transistors transistor nmos pmos bicmos biofet chemical field effect transistor chemfet complementary mos cmos depletion load nmos fin field effect transistor finfet floating gate mosfet fgmos insulated gate bipolar transistor igbt isfet ldmos mos field effect transistor mosfet multi gate field effect transistor mugfet power mosfet thin film transistor tft vmos umos qfet tunnel field effect transistor tfet high electron mobility transistor hemt rf cmos native transistor other transistors bipolar junction transistor bjt darlington transistor diffused junction transistor field effect transistor fet junction gate fet jfet organic fet ofet light emitting transistor let pentode transistor point contact transistor programmable unijunction transistor put static induction transistor sit tetrode transistor nanoscale vacuum channel transistor nvct single electron transistor set heterojunction bipolar transistor hbt mesfet heterostructure emitter bipolar transistor hebt itfet avalanche transistor junctionless nanowire transistor jlnt schottky transistor spin transistor ballistic collection transistor ballistic deflection transistor bdt drift field transistor organic electrochemical transistor oect spacistor surface barrier transistor synaptic transistor oxide thin film transistor nomfet grown junction transistor eosfet alloy junction transistor fe fet dna field effect transistor dnafet diodes avalanche diode shockley diode selenium rectifier fast diode single photon avalanche diode spad constant current diode cld crd gunn diode varicap impatt diode metal insulator metal diode mim diode transient voltage suppression diode tvs diode laser diode ld light emitting diode led organic light emitting diode oled photodiode pin diode p n diode tunnel diode avalanche photodiode apd solar cell multi junction solar cell mj hybrid solar cell schottky junction solar cell plasmonic solar cell heterojunction solar cell hjt schottky diode step recovery diode srd zener diode resonant tunneling diode rtd photoreflector backward diode geometric diode lr diode chua s diode baritt diode stabistor phosphorescent organic light emitting diode pholed thin film diode superluminescent diode sld josephson diode hole accumulation diode had silicon photomultiplier sipm metal rectifier bifacial solar cells bsc integrated circuits hybrid integrated circuit hic mixed signal integrated circuit mos integrated circuit mos ic three dimensional integrated circuit 3d ic photonic integrated circuit pic application specific integrated circuit asic field programmable gate array fpga system on a chip soc other devices diac heterostructure barrier varactor light emitting capacitor lec memistor memristor memtransistor memory cell metal oxide varistor mov organic semiconductor photodetector silicon controlled rectifier scr silicon controlled switch scs solaristor static induction thyristor sith thyristor trancitor triac varicap vertical cavity surface emitting laser vcsel gate turn off thyristor gto integrated gate commutated thyristor igct unijunction transistor ujt quantum cascade laser qcl photoresistor quantum dot display quantum dot solar cell photoelectrochemical cell dye sensitized solar cell plasmonic solar cell quantum dot laser quadrac interband cascade laser icl oscillistor mos composite static induction thyristor csmt mos controlled thyristor mct resistive opto isolator ro emitter turn off thyristor eto trisil quantum well infrared photodetector qwip quantum cascade detector qcd resonant cavity enhanced photo detector rce golay cell hybrid pixel detector semiconductor detector voltage regulators linear regulator low dropout regulator switching regulator buck boost buck boost split pi ćuk sepic charge pump switched capacitor vacuum tubes standard acorn tube audion beam tetrode barretter compactron diode fleming valve neutron tube nonode nuvistor pentagrid hexode heptode octode pentode photomultiplier pmt phototube tetrode triode x ray tube double diode triode additron tube computron tube micropup rf backward wave oscillator bwo cavity magnetron crossed field amplifier cfa gyrotron inductive output tube iot klystron maser sutton tube traveling wave tube twt vircator cathode ray tubes beam deflection tube charactron iconoscope magic eye tube monoscope selectron tube storage tube trochotron video camera tube williams tube gas filled tubes crossatron dekatron ignitron krytron mercury arc valve nixie tube thyratron trigatron voltage regulator tube geiger müller tube wire chamber neon lamp adjustable potentiometer digital variable capacitor varicap passive connector audio and video electrical power rf ferrite antifuse fuse resettable efuse resistor switch thermistor varistor reactive capacitor types ceramic resonator crystal oscillator inductor relay reed relay mercury relay other devices hall effect sensor squid spin valve magnetic tunnel junction mtj planar hall sensor ggnmos v t e telecommunications history beacon broadcasting cable protection system cable tv communications satellite computer network data compression audio dct image video digital media internet video online video platform social media streaming drums edholm s law electrical telegraph fax heliographs hydraulic telegraph information age information revolution 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