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Text of the page (random words):
stics 6 1 81 88 doi 10 1017 s0022226700002371 jstor 4175053 s2cid 145243105 fang meili 2010 spoken hokkien london soas pp 9 11 zhou changji 周長楫 2006 mǐnnán fāngyán dà cídiǎn 闽南方言大词典 in chinese fujian renmin chuban she pp 17 28 isbn 7 211 03896 9 shēngdiào xìtǒng 聲調系統 in chinese 1 august 2007 archived from the original on 21 july 2011 retrieved 16 september 2010 via ntcu edu tw chang yueh chin hsieh feng fan 2013 complete and not so complete tonal neutralization in penang hokkien via academia edu nán ān fāngyán fùcí fēnxī 南安方言副词分析 fujian normal university 2010 archived from the original on 31 january 2019 retrieved 31 january 2019 1 2 chinese min nan ethnologue retrieved 12 june 2018 german ethnologue retrieved 16 september 2010 ratte alexander t 2009 a dialectal and phonological analysis of penghu taiwanese pdf ba thesis williams college p 4 li y c 1986 historical significance of certain distinct grammatical features in taiwanese in mccoy john light timothy eds contributions to sino tibetan studies leiden e j brill p 393 isbn 90 04 07850 9 lien chinfa 2002 grammatical function words 乞 度 共 甲 將 and 力 in li jing ji 荔鏡記 and their development in southern min pdf papers from the third international conference on sinology national tsing hua university 179 216 archived from the original pdf on 16 november 2011 retrieved 3 july 2011 klöter henning 2005 written taiwanese otto harrassowitz verlag isbn 978 3 447 05093 7 page needed lim beng soon teoh boon seong 2007 alves mark sidwell paul gil david eds malay lexicalized items in penang peranakan hokkien pdf sealsviii 8th meeting of the southeast asian linguistics society 1998 canberra pacific linguistics p 165 chappell hilary alain peyraube the analytic causatives of early modern southern min in diachronic perspective pdf linguistic studies in chinese and neighboring languages paris france centre de recherches linguistiques sur l asie orientale 1 34 1 2 mair victor h 2010 how to forget your mother tongue and remember your national language university of pennsylvania retrieved 2 july 2011 1 2 táiwān mǐnnányǔ chángyòng cí cídiǎn 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 dictionary of frequently used taiwan minnan ministry of education r o c 2011 濕 17 september 2022 via wiktionary 檨 5 april 2022 via wiktionary archived at ghostarchive and the wayback machine teochew another minnan language oung heng heng pg 2019 youtube 19 september 2019 táiwān mǐnnányǔ wàilái cí 臺灣閩南語外來詞 dictionary of frequently used taiwan minnan in chinese taiwan ministry of education r o c 2011 retrieved 8 july 2011 1 2 sidong feidong 似懂非懂 2006 pēi nán mì 卑南覓 in chinese hyweb technology co pp 1873 ggkey tpz824qu3ug thomas watters 1889 essays on the chinese language presbyterian mission press pp 346 iûⁿ ún giân tâi bûn hôa bûn sòaⁿ téng sû tián 台文 華文線頂辭典 taiwanese chinese online dictionary archived from the original on 6 october 2014 retrieved 1 october 2014 wong ting hong may 2020 education and national colonialism in postwar taiwan the paradoxical use of private schools to extend state power 1944 1966 history of education quarterly 60 2 156 184 doi 10 1017 heq 2020 25 s2cid 225917190 網路社會學通訊期刊 第45期 2005年03月15日 nhu edu tw retrieved 16 september 2010 有感于厦门学校 闽南语教学进课堂 _博客臧_新浪博客 sina weibo archived from the original on 8 november 2018 retrieved 4 january 2022 klöter henning 2005 written taiwanese otto harrassowitz verlag isbn 978 3 447 05093 7 táiwān mǐnnányǔ tuījiàn yòng zì dì 1 pī 臺灣閩南語推薦用字 第1批 pdf in chinese jiaoyu bu archived from the original pdf on 23 september 2010 retrieved 2 july 2011 rfc 3066 language code assignments evertype com retrieved 16 september 2010 iana language subtag registry see documents n1593 n2507 n2628 n2699 archived 10 march 2021 at the wayback machine and n2713 archived 14 january 2006 at the wayback machine lin mei chun 10 march 2002 hokkien should be given official status says tsu taipei times p 1 國家語言發展法 沿革 全國法規資料庫 law moj gov tw in chinese retrieved 21 september 2025 further reading edit branner david prager 2000 problems in comparative chinese dialectology the classification of miin and hakka trends in linguistics series no 123 berlin mouton de gruyter isbn 3 11 015831 0 chung raung fu 1996 the segmental phonology of southern min in taiwan taipei crane pub isbn 957 9463 46 8 debernardi jean 1991 linguistic nationalism the case of southern min sino platonic papers 25 oclc 24810816 ding picus sizhi 2016 southern min hokkien as a migrating language singapore springer isbn 978 981 287 593 8 francis norbert 2014 southern min hokkien as a migrating language a comparative study of language shift and maintenance across national borders by picus sizhi ding review china review international 21 2 128 133 doi 10 1353 cri 2014 0008 s2cid 151455258 klöter henning 2011 the language of the sangleys a chinese vernacular in missionary sources of the seventeenth century brill isbn 978 90 04 18493 0 an analysis and facsimile of the arte de la lengua chio chiu 1620 the oldest extant grammar of hokkien hompot sebestyén 2018 schottenhammer angela ed xiamen at the crossroads of sino foreign linguistic interaction during the late qing and republican periods the issue of hokkien phoneticization pdf crossroads studies on the history of exchange relations in the east asian world 17 18 ostasien verlag 167 205 issn 2190 8796 chapter examining and detailing the history of hokkien dictionaries and similar works and the history of hokkien writing systems over the centuries especially phonetic scripts for hokkien external links edit wikivoyage has a phrasebook for minnan lìzhī jì 荔枝記 litchi mirror tale archived from the original on 7 february 2017 retrieved 16 october 2015 a playscript from the late 16th century cobo juan 1593 doctrina christiana en letra y lengua china manila hokkien version of the doctrina christiana en lengua española y tagala 1593 at biblioteca nacional de españa at ust miguel de benavidez library manila archived 8 february 2021 at the wayback machine at nctu taiwan archived 11 december 2023 at the wayback machine at filipinas heritage library manila mançano melchior feyjoó raymundo 1620 arte de la lengua chio chiu in spanish manila a manual for learning hokkien written by a spanish missionary in the philippines lūi chi̍p ngá sio̍k thong si̍p ngó͘ im huìjí yǎsú tōng shíwǔ yīn 彙集雅俗通十五音 compilation of the fifteen elegant and vulgar sounds in chinese 1818 the oldest known rhyme dictionary of a zhangzhou dialect douglas carstairs 1899 chinese english dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of amoy new edition with chinese character glosses ed london presbyterian church of england douglas carstairs 1873 chinese english dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of amoy with 1923 supplement after the appendix by thomas barclay shanghai commercial press ltd ed london trübner co medhurst walter henry 1832 a dictionary of the hok këèn dialect of the chinese language according to the reading and colloquial idioms macao c j steyn 當代泉州音字彙 a dictionary of quanzhou speech amoy resources bsop biblical seminary of the philippines retrieved 13 april 2024 voyager spacecraft golden record greetings from earth amoy includes translation and sound clip the voyager clip says thài khong pêng iú lín hó lín chia̍h pá bē ū êng to̍h lâi gún chia chē ô͘ 太空朋友 恁好 恁食飽未 有閒著來阮遮坐哦 v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e min chinese languages eastern min houguan fuzhou dialect fuqing dialect changle dialect gutian dialect matsu dialect funing xiapu dialect fu an dialect ningde dialect others manjiang dialect zhongshan min longdu dialect nanlang dialect southern min teochew swatow dialect hokkien amoy dialect quanzhou dialects hui an dialect yongchun dialect zhangzhou dialects chawan dialect longyan dialect taiwanese banana colloquial speech northern malacca straits hokkien penang hokkien medan hokkien kelantan peranakan hokkien philippine hokkien southern malacca straits hokkien southern peninsular malaysian hokkien singaporean hokkien others datian min houlu dialect haklau min zhenan min zhongshan min sanxiang dialect pu xian min hinghwa putian dialect xianyou dialect northern min jian ou dialect jianyang dialect shao jiang min shaowu dialect jiangle dialect central min sanming dialect shaxian dialect yong an dialect leizhou min zhanjiang dialect hainanese haikou dialect wenchang dialect writing system logographic chinese characters alphabetic pe̍h ōe jī tâi lô phing im moe romanization taiwanese phonetic symbols bopomofo pe̍h ūe jī foochow romanized taiwanese language phonetic alphabet daighi tongiong pingim bbánlám pìngyīm hainan romanized hinghwa romanized kienning colloquial romanized peng im fuzhou transliteration scheme hainanese transliteration scheme mixed hàn lô research proto languages proto min rime dictionaries qi lin bayin jianzhou ba yin v t e chinese language varieties mandarin beijing lingua franca of modern chinese standard forms standard chinese internal differences old national pronunciation regional accents and varieties guangdong zh majie zh liuzhou zh sichuan taiwan central taiwan zh singapore malaysia zh singapore malaysia kluang zh beijing females zh jingcheng beijing huaicheng chaofeng northeastern changchun harbin shenyang taz jilu tianjin jinan jiaoliao dalian qingdao weihai central plains dongping gangou guanzhong xi an luoyang xuzhou dungan southwestern sichuanese chengdu chongqing minjiang leshan renshou fushun zh zigong kunming nanping wuhan gui liu wuming jianghuai nanjing nantong nanping yangzhou zh lanyin lanzhou dialect zh ürümqi dialect zh other junjia yangyu gyami jin zhangjiakou hohhot zhi yan wu taihu northern sujiahu shanghai urban shanghai shadi suzhou kunshan wuxi tiaoxi huzhou piling changzhou jiangyin linshao shaoxing yongjiang ningbo hangzhou jinxiang taizhou taizhou tiantai oujiang wenzhou rui an wencheng wuzhou jinhua yongkang chu qu quzhou jiangshan qingtian xuanzhou xuancheng hui ji she zh xiu yi zh qi de zh yanzhou zh jing zhan zh gan chang du nanchang yi liu ying yi da tong xiang changyi changsha loushao shuangfeng xiangxiang wugang ji xu yong quan qiyang min eastern houguan zh fuzhou fuqing changle gutian matsu fu ning zh ningde fu an other manjiang zhongshan longdu nanlang pu xian putian xianyou southern hokkien quanzhou zhangzhou amoy chawan taiwan philippines penang medan southern malaysia singapore teochew swatow haklau pontianak other zhongshan sanxiang zhenan longyan leizhou zhanjiang hainan wenchang haikou banqiao inland northern jian ou jianyang central shao jiang hakka huiyang zh changting meixian tingzhou wuhua taiwan sixian hailu raoping pontianak singkawang yue yuehai cantonese hong kong malaysia xiguan jiujiang shiqi weitou dapeng yunfu siyi taishan xinhui goulou yulin bobai yunan other gao yang wu hua yong xun qin lian luo guang pinghua northern pinghua tongdao younian southern pinghua yongjiang guandao rongjiang unclassified tuhua shaozhou xiangnan yeheni danzhou dong shanke waxiang huizhou guangdong mai laobeizi history phonology and grammar history proto sino tibetan old chinese eastern han middle chinese old mandarin middle mandarin proto min proto hakka ba shu gan standard chinese phonology historical old old national cantonese hokkien northern wu mandarin literary and colloquial readings grammar numerals classifiers honorifics cantonese grammar classical grammar idioms chengyu xiehouyu written chinese and input methods literary forms official classical adoption in japan in vietnam vernacular written cantonese written dungan written hokkien written sichuanese scripts logographic script styles oracle bone bronze seal clerical semi cursive cursive chinese characters simplified traditional punctuation braille cantonese mainland chinese taiwanese two cell phonetic romanization gwoyeu romatzyh hanyu pinyin mps ii postal tongyong pinyin wade giles efeo lessing othmer yale cyrillization dungan cyrillic bopomofo cantonese bopomofo taiwanese phonetic symbols taiwanese kana taiwanese hangul xiao erjing nüshu input methods logographic biaoxingma boshiamy zh cangjie simplified ckc dayi stroke count wubi wang ma zhengma q9 pinyin google sogou list of varieties of chinese sinitic languages v t e languages of singapore main languages national malay official english malay mandarin tamil unofficial singlish indigenous languages johor riau malay orang seletar creole languages baba malay bazaar malay chitty malay kristang immigrant languages chinese sinitic cantonese hainanese hakka henghwa hokchew hokkien teochew indian dravidian malayalam telugu indo aryan bengali gujarati hindi punjabi sindhi sinhala indonesian acehnese banjarese batak angkola mandailing toba baweanese buginese javanese minangkabau other arabic armenian burmese filipino japanese korean nepali thai vietnamese sign languages singaporean sign language retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title hokkien oldid 1374328869 categories hokkien southern min dialects languages of malaysia languages of indonesia hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata language articles citing ethnologue 23 cs1 uses chinese language script zh cs1 chinese language sources zh language articles with speaker number undated iso language articles citing sources other than ethnologue articles containing chinese language text articles containing simplified chinese language text articles containing traditional chinese language text articles containing min nan chinese language text pages with plain ipa cs1 maint unrecognized language articles needing additional references from november 2018 all articles needing additional references all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from august 2011 articles needing additional references from may 2021 cs1 chinese taiwan language sources zh tw articles needing additional references from january 2016 cs1 spanish language sources es articles with u...