Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

technologies, human, enhancement, contents, nootropics, ethics, see, also, references, further, reading, external, links, existing, emerging, speculative, effects, on, identity,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (127), and (95), human (82), #enhancement (58), technologies (29), for (23), doi (20), are (19), from (18), ethics (18), genetic (17), that (17), retrieved (16), edit (15), 978 (15), pmid (15), isbn (14), 2019 (14), with (12), technology (12), gene (12), therapy (12), life (12), can (12), may (11), this (11), future (10), s2cid (10), brain (10), cognitive (10), some (10), such (10), march (9), international (9), has (9), technological (9), 2008 (9), wikipedia (8), engineering (8), emerging (8), science (8), 2007 (8), capabilities (8), original (8), journal (8), also (8), mental (8), their (8), have (8), nootropics (8), bioethics (7), other (7), archived (7), pdf (7), individual (7), include (7), will (7), february (6), transhumanism (6), cell (6), cloning (6), new (6), enhancing (6), august (6), 1007 (6), society (6), information (6), identity (6), biological (6), computer (6), body (6), main (6), enhancements (6), artificial (6), contents (5), use (5), page (5), articles (5), different (5), biotechnology (5), eugenics (5), modified (5), related (5), 2016 (5), our (5), debate (5), institute (5), michael (5), press (5), 2013 (5), 2004 (5), january (5), better (5), performance (5), 2020 (5), 1016 (5), animal (5), but (5), rather (5), which (5), physical (5), act (5), toggle (4), search (4), references (4), all (4), biology (4), stem (4), research (4), genetically (4), augmented (4), case (4), 2009 (4), links (4), 2015 (4), savulescu (4), julian (4), bostrom (4), nick (4), further (4), 2005 (4), medicine (4), april (4), world (4), 008 (4), 2006 (4), ethical (4), noopept (4), nootropic (4), memory (4), theanine (4), effects (4), environmental (4), mind (4), aging (4), portal (4), where (4), than (4), resources (4), one (4), argument (4), being (4), many (4), article (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), view (3), legal (3), about (3), terms (3), using (3), was (3), edited (3), 2024 (3), 2023 (3), english (3), evolution (3), knockout (3), humans (3), food (3), somatic (3), processes (3), animals (3), mouse (3), 2017 (3), european (3), parliament (3), humanity (3), external (3), 2011 (3), university (3), june (3), development (3), 2002 (3), posthuman (3), magazine (3), beyond (3), health (3), self (3), between (3), president (3), council (3), 2003 (3), september (3), issn (3), review (3), drugs (3), semax (3), natural (3), state (3), nutrition (3), caffeine (3), neuroscience (3), mood (3), 2012 (3), acetyl (3), pmc (3), deep (3), augmentation (3), art (3), iot (3), internet (3), what (3), doping (3), extension (3), learning (3), reproductive (3), movement (3), see (3), approach (3), individuals (3), over (3), idea (3), personal (3), affect (3), general (3), changes (3), personality (3), create (3), improve (3), selective (3), either (3), there (3), substances (3), these (3), forms (3), speculative (3), uploading (3), cells (3), selection (3), man (3), tools (3), topic (2), languages (2), table (2), mobile (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), additional (2), you (2), non (2), wikimedia (2), commons (2), last (2), categories (2), lacking (2), reliable (2), american (2), short (2), description (2), wikidata (2), genetics (2), similar (2), america (2), asia (2), transfection (2), organisms (2), testing (2), dna (2), bacteria (2), rat (2), cotton (2), soybean (2), rice (2), maize (2), corn (2), mon (2), neohumanitas (2), perfection (2), age (2), sciences (2), group (2), wikiquote (2), routledge (2), 319 (2), 09483 (2), springer (2), encyclopedia (2), into (2), redesigned (2), 4051 (2), wiley (2), oxford (2), reading (2), 2010 (2), 283 (2), 1080 (2), philosophy (2), against (2), allhoff (2), fritz (2), lin (2), patrick (2), executive (2), understanding (2), fukuyama (2), francis (2), well (2), people (2), selgelid (2), modification (2), consent (2), carrico (2), dale (2), converging (2), december (2), royal (2), zack (2), lynch (2), sirius (2), products (2), innovation (2), cyborg (2), democratic (2), members (2), reason (2), right (2), improving (2), traits (2), koucheryavy (2), yevgeni (2), ruslan (2), pirmagomedov (2), rustam (2), toward (2), communication (2), chemical (2), relationships (2), stimulates (2), expression (2), treatment (2), impairment (2), drug (2), improves (2), mice (2), owen (2), gail (2), its (2), effect (2), clinical (2), rycroft (2), bruin (2), increases (2), subjective (2), 1179 (2), nutritional (2), carnitine (2), energy (2), content (2), healthy (2), rejuvenation (2), bacopa (2), monnieri (2), tardner (2), phosphatidylserine (2), function (2), literature (2), citicoline (2), decline (2), meaning (2), chimeras (2), neurotechnologies (2), current (2), nanonetworks (2), paradigm (2), 100120 (2), things (2), now (2), cognition (2), treating (2), medical (2), 131 (2), public (2), singularity (2), freedom (2), moral (2), based (2), biohappiness (2), anti (2), normative (2), framework (2), affects (2), does (2), not (2), necessarily (2), focus (2), make (2), objectives (2), bodily (2), affiliation (2), control (2), changing (2), already (2), part (2), affecting (2), conception (2), they (2), becoming (2), charge (2), core (2), characteristics (2), ability (2), alter (2), person (2), example (2), because (2), gender (2), intelligence (2), within (2), order (2), limited (2), critics (2), would (2), given (2), parents (2), nature (2), term (2), possible (2), far (2), occurring (2), vitro (2), abortion (2), prenatal (2), diagnosis (2), controversy (2), exist (2), argues (2), advocacy (2), synonymous (2), maintain (2), common (2), perspective (2), humanism (2), academics (2), become (2), means (2), used (2), religious (2), origin (2), examples (2), dietary (2), supplement (2), help (2), piracetam (2), without (2), level (2), copying (2), system (2), exocortex (2), endogenous (2), currently (2), partly (2), implants (2), embryo (2), strength (2), enhance (2), smart (2), existing (2), alteration (2), promethean (2), affair (2), implant (2), interventions (2), sperm (2), book (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), history (2), read (2), subsection (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, available, under, apply, site, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, 2026, utc, hidden, mdy, dates, written, https, org, index, php, title, human_enhancement, oldid, 1343559900, synthetic, fields, oceania, south, north, africa, europe, geography, cartagena, protocol, biosafety, regulation, breeding, techniques, restriction, reverse, fiction, pollution, detection, transgene, targeting, knockdown, diagnostics, companies, corteva, syngenta, monsanto, dupont, pioneer, dow, agrosciences, bayer, basf, pharming, controversies, agriculture, uses, cisgenesis, transgenesis, recombinant, types, nuclear, transfer, microinjection, lipofection, transduction, electroporation, biolistics, agrobacteria, inserting, oncolytic, virus, insulin, analogue, hepatitis, vaccine, ice, minus, viruses, frogs, birds, salmon, glofish, fish, insects, wolves, ruppy, rabbit, herman, bull, enviropig, woolly, oncomouse, mammals, mustard, eucalyptus, trees, tobacco, sugarcane, sugar, beet, smartstax, rose, papaya, cowpea, canola, brinjal, bean, arabidopsis, apple, alfalfa, hb4, wheat, flavr, savr, tomato, vistive, gold, roundup, ready, golden, amflora, potato, list, varieties, starlink, 863, 810, crops, conferences, peterlang, thinking, think, tank, reflecting, questions, answers, nsf, funded, report, cal, poly, san, luis, obispo, study, stoa, rté, big, quotations, jotterand, fabrice, ienca, marcello, york, 367, 61579, handbook, edwards, gary, 1130, 0_172, 1121, publishing, global, bateman, simone, gayon, jean, allouche, sylvie, goffette, jérôme, marzano, michela, london, 137, 53006, palgrave, macmillan, inquiring, interdisciplinary, perspectives, bess, 8070, 5217, beacon, grandchildren, bioengineered, near, ter, meulen, ruud, kahane, guy, chichester, 9581, blackwell, capacities, 929972, coeckelbergh, mark, s10676, 010, 9231, methodological, reflection, evaluation, degrazia, david, 16036459, 03605310590960166, 261, sandel, atlantic, jesse, steinberg, 212, 11143329, 20094921, s11948, 009, 9191, 201, summary, hauskeller, acumen, 84465, 557, project, farrar, straus, giroux, 374, 23643, consequences, revolution, watch, making, mooney, pat, roy, moderate, 3579504, 23728949, s11019, 013, 9485, care, prosthetic, determination, 264, 18817470, s11569, 0046, 251, nanoethics, untangling, assessment, 2018, academy, nanoscience, nanotechnologies, neuroage, conversation, iuga, ion, 5840, symposion2016315, symposion, ford, alyssa, utne, remix, hughes, james, westview, 8133, 4198, citizen, why, societies, must, respond, pursuit, happiness, uplifting, rapture, nerds, bailey, ronald, roco, mihail, eds, 4020, 1254, bainbridge, william, sims, parens, erik, 2000, georgetown, 87840, 780, social, implications, 2390, liberal, defence, agar, nicholas, kirichek, glushakov, quo, vadis, mile, cybernetic, organism, 293, 158049143, 1940, 9419, 19409419, 1376561, 287, russian, miah, andy, mit, earp, brian, palo, alto, california, 8047, 9819, stanford, love, dolotov, seredenina, levitskaya, kamensky, andreeva, alfeeva, nagaev, zolotarev, grivennikov, engele, myasoedov, heptapeptide, bdnf, areas, vivo, 295, 41400991, 14556513, 1023, 1025177812262, 292, 391, doklady, amelin, iliukhina, aiu, shmonin, mild, patients, stroke, 22500312, 111, zhurnal, nevrologii, psikhiatrii, imeni, korsakova, radionova, belnik, ostrovskaya, prevents, deficit, rats, muscarinic, nicotinic, receptor, blockade, 11773065, 19145351, s10517, 0209, 146, bulletin, experimental, bobkova, gruden, samokhin, medvinskaia, morozova, roch, uudasheva, ostrovskaia, seredinin, spatial, prefibrillar, beta, amyloid, antibody, production, 16277202, eksperimental, naia, klinicheskaia, farmakologiia, nobre, anna, rao, anling, constituent, tea, suppl, 18296328, 167, pacific, giesbrecht, rowson, combination, alertness, 29075809, 21040626, 147683010x12611460764840, parnell, holly, eveline, jane, combined, 46326744, 18681988, 147683008x301513, 193, smeland, olav, meisingset, tore, borges, karin, sonnewald, ursula, chronic, alters, metabolism, noradrenaline, serotonin, 1859924, 22549035, neuint, 100, neurochemistry, aguiar, sebastian, borowski, thomas, 326, 23772955, 3746283, 1089, rej, 1431, 313, neuropharmacological, herb, supplementation, older, meta, analysis, pharmacological, maturity, ideapress, 64687, 164, utopia, solved, marilyn, coors, pro, activities, custom, kids, cinel, caterina, valeriani, davide, poli, riccardo, 30766483, 6365771, 3389, fnhum, 00013, frontiers, prospects, akyildiz, ian, brunetti, fernando, blázquez, cristina, 2279, 1389, 1286, comnet, 001, 2260, networks, 202750140, 2542, 6605, 2019arxiv190911191p, bibcode, 1909, 11191, arxiv, survey, landau, elizabeth, cnn, lanni, lenzken, pascale, enhancers, 213, 18353672, phrs, 004, 196, pharmacol, res, dorlands, dictionary, raisamo, roope, rakkolainen, ismo, majaranta, päivi, salminen, katri, rantala, jussi, farooq, ahmed, 143, ijhcs, studies, past, present, almeida, mara, diogo, rui, 189, 31620286, 6788211, 1093, emph, eoz026, 183, buchanan, allen, issues, posthumanization, morphological, hybrid, grinder, biohacking, evidence, directed, congenital, analgesia, assisted, capability, focuses, applied, how, allows, today, first, termed, mainly, focused, aim, those, entail, economic, arrangement, central, integrity, play, environment, recognizes, always, played, species, practical, emotions, sense, amartya, sen, impact, come, who, someone, altering, story, basis, comes, two, points, inauthenticity, violating, capacity, through, internal, psychological, style, necessity, sleep, normal, threaten, fundamentally, point, result, essentially, entirely, extreme, others, longer, relate, homo, sapiens, narrative, futurist, shown, concern, century, required, merge, compete, marketplace, enhanced, chance, chosen, opportunities, careers, entertainment, extending, increase, average, span, distribution, pension, throughout, increasing, lifespan, population, dividing, monetary, habitat, fear, change, worse, dynamic, relations, family, choices, superior, qualities, child, opposed, merely, birthing, newborn, becomes, product, gift, loved, unconditionally, ray, kurzweil, criticism, unfair, advantages, unequal, access, gulf, haves, nots, wrote, overtones, imply, improvement, attain, universally, accepted, expense, therefore, evoke, negative, reactions, specific, phase, neugenics, suggesting, revived, practices, aims, allowing, decide, via, want, continue, terminate, pregnancy, fertilization, neurodiversity, biodiversity, fitness, norm, hereditary, eugenic, loaded, prospect, sparked, question, involves, restrictions, any, should, consultant, more, immediate, face, less, resistance, pathway, radical, concept, enablement, needs, added, versus, neuromarketing, increasingly, controversial, ideology, emerged, support, recognition, protection, citizens, own, guarantee, them, themselves, children, seen, physicist, merging, advance, post, informed, choice, bodies, minds, modify, since, 1990s, several, fellows, risen, advocates, while, outspoken, bush, circles, roughly, most, often, referred, application, nbic, nanotechnology, convergence, much, surrounds, achieve, goals, attitudes, depend, factors, ethnicity, culture, nationality, purported, promise, augmenting, various, called, potentially, benefit, disorders, capable, yielding, results, cognitively, persons, generally, speaking, said, effective, cases, along, neuroprotective, naturally, lab, analogs, authors, explored, relationship, couples, bonds, time, sulbutiamine, vinpocetine, omberacetam, nootropil, racetams, pycnogenol, rhodiola, rosea, uridine, monophosphate, huperzine, precise, motivation, arbitrary, sensory, inputs, generating, experience, taste, eating, anything, cures, diseases, reversal, listed, expected, physically, theory, sufficient, still, hypothetical, process, transferring, conscious, substrate, scanning, mapping, detail, another, computational, device, defined, theoretical, processing, augment, high, having, radioisotope, generator, resynthesizes, glucose, similarly, photosynthesis, amino, acids, vitamins, degradation, theoretically, availing, weeks, necessary, way, tested, trialed, few, variants, usage, creation, each, source, needed, hybrids, bioprinting, nanomedicine, strategies, engineered, negligible, senescence, cyberware, interfaces, neural, neurotechnology, three, generated, gametes, cosmetics, induced, functional, organ, replacements, bionic, lenses, training, weights, barbells, supplements, functions, efficiency, notable, efforts, driven, interconnected, devices, including, wearable, electronics, reality, glasses, watches, textile, drones, phones, computers, neurostimulation, pacemaker, powered, exoskeletons, prosthetics, orthodontics, plastic, surgery, cytoplasmictransfer, preimplantation, adenovirus, vector, distinction, technophobia, gap, collapse, divide, pontifical, natura, naturans, natalism, young, blood, transfusion, longevity, evolutionary, dysfunction, ecology, ivg, wombs, exo, wisdom, repugnance, response, playing, god, 1945, hideous, 1943, abolition, lewis, 2001, 1990, united, nations, declaration, vetoed, convention, nikolas, kompridis, undesirability, immortality, hwang, jiankui, frankenstein, monster, designer, baby, leon, kass, prohibition, chesterton, brave, bioconservatism, appeal, opposition, neurohacking, neuralink, 1960, symbiosis, stimulation, interface, neurological, xanthine, derivatives, modafinil, ritalin, methamphetamine, amphetamine, stimulants, fetal, tissue, embryonic, sports, color, blindness, hacking, nobelist, banks, sorting, sex, technical, polygenic, risk, score, oocyte, quality, pgd, epigenome, editing, counseling, pre, genomic, germline, facto, prostheses, amplification, cyborgs, transhumanistic, preventative, prometheist, posthumanistic, metahumanistic, libertarian, directive, compensatory, emancipatory, beneficient, adaptionist, rationale, series, free, item, projects, printable, version, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, permanent, link, here, actions, talk, українська, svenska, русский, português, nederlands, latina, 한국어, 日本語, italiano, français, español, ελληνικά, العربية, afrikaans, top, special, pages, recent, community, learn, contribute, random, events, navigation, jump,

Text of the page (random words):
rch enhancement act vetoed united nations declaration on human cloning in the uk 1990 act 2003 act 2008 act 2001 act c s lewis the abolition of man 1943 that hideous strength 1945 playing god religious response to art s wisdom of repugnance related art exo wombs ivg augmented learning deep ecology treating executive dysfunction evolutionary humanism longevity anti aging movement life extension rejuvenation young blood transfusion natalism natura naturans pontifical and promethean man collapse of the therapy enhancement divide promethean gap technophobia therapy enhancement distinction v t e human enhancement is the natural artificial or technological alteration of the human body in order to enhance physical or mental capabilities 1 2 3 technologies edit existing technologies edit gene therapy using an adenovirus vector three forms of human enhancement currently exist reproductive physical and mental reproductive enhancements include embryo selection by preimplantation genetic diagnosis cytoplasmictransfer and in vitro generated gametes physical enhancements include cosmetics plastic surgery and orthodontics drug induced doping and performance enhancing drugs functional prosthetics and powered exoskeletons medical implants e g pacemaker and organ replacements e g bionic lenses and strength training weights e g barbells and dietary supplement examples of mental enhancements are nootropics neurostimulation and supplements that improve mental functions 4 5 computers mobile phones and the internet 6 can also be used to enhance cognitive efficiency notable efforts in human augmentation are driven by interconnected internet of things iot devices 7 including wearable electronics e g augmented reality glasses smart watches smart textile personal drones on body and in body nanonetworks 8 emerging technologies edit many different forms of human enhancing technologies are either on the way or are currently being tested and trialed a few of these emerging technologies include human genetic engineering gene therapy neurotechnology neural implants and brain computer interfaces 9 cyberware strategies for engineered negligible senescence nanomedicine and 3d bioprinting variants of human genetic engineering with so far limited usage include the artificial creation of human animal hybrids where each cell has partly human and partly animal genetic contents and human animal chimeras where some cells are human and some cells are animal in origin 10 better source needed speculative technologies edit some other human enhancement technologies are still speculative such as mind uploading exocortex and endogenous artificial nutrition mind uploading is the hypothetical process of transferring uploading or copying a conscious mind from a brain to a non biological substrate by scanning and mapping a biological brain in detail and copying its state into a computer system or another computational device the exocortex can be defined as a theoretical artificial external information processing system that would augment a brain s biological high level cognitive processes endogenous artificial nutrition can be similar to having a radioisotope generator that resynthesizes glucose similarly to photosynthesis amino acids and vitamins from their degradation products theoretically availing for weeks without food if necessary nick bostrom listed some additional capabilities that are expected to be physically possible in theory given a sufficient technological level such as 11 reversal of aging cures for all diseases arbitrary sensory inputs e g generating subjective experience of taste without eating anything precise control of personality mood motivation well being nootropics edit main article nootropic there are many substances that are purported to have promise in augmenting human cognition by various means these substances are called nootropics and can potentially benefit individuals with cognitive decline and many different disorders but may also be capable of yielding results in cognitively healthy persons generally speaking nootropics are said to be effective for enhancing focus learning memory function mood and in some cases physical brain development some examples of these include citicoline 12 huperzine a phosphatidylserine 13 bacopa monnieri 14 acetyl l carnitine 15 uridine monophosphate l theanine 16 17 18 rhodiola rosea and pycnogenol which are all forms of dietary supplement there are also nootropic drugs such as the common racetams e g piracetam nootropil and omberacetam noopept 19 20 21 along with the neuroprotective semax and n acetyl semax 22 there are also nootropics related to naturally occurring substances but that are either modified in a lab or are analogs such as vinpocetine and sulbutiamine some authors have explored nootropics as relationship enhancements to help couples maintain bonds over time 23 ethics edit much debate surrounds the topic of human enhancement and the means used to achieve one s enhancement goals 24 ethical attitudes toward human enhancement can depend on many factors such as religious affiliation age gender ethnicity culture of origin and nationality 25 in some circles the expression human enhancement is roughly synonymous with human genetic engineering 26 27 but most often it is referred to the general application of the convergence of nanotechnology biotechnology information technology and cognitive science nbic to improve human performance 28 since the 1990s several academics such as some of the fellows of the institute for ethics and emerging technologies 29 have risen to become advocates of the case for human enhancement while other academics such as the members of president bush s council on bioethics 30 have become outspoken critics 31 advocacy of the case for human enhancement is increasingly becoming synonymous with transhumanism a controversial ideology and movement which has emerged to support the recognition and protection of the right of citizens to either maintain or modify their own minds and bodies so as to guarantee them the freedom of choice and informed consent of using human enhancement technologies on themselves and their children 32 their common understanding of the world can be seen from a physicist perspective rather than a biological perspective 33 based on the idea of technological singularity human enhancement is merging with technological innovation that will advance post humanism 33 neuromarketing consultant zack lynch argues that neurotechnologies will have a more immediate effect on society than gene therapy and will face less resistance as a pathway of radical human enhancement he also argues that the concept of enablement needs to be added to the debate over therapy versus enhancement 34 the prospect of human enhancement has sparked public controversy 35 36 37 the main ethical question in the debate about human enhancement involves which legal restrictions if any should exist 38 dale carrico wrote that human enhancement is a loaded term which has eugenic overtones because it may imply the improvement of human hereditary traits to attain a universally accepted norm of biological fitness at the possible expense of human biodiversity and neurodiversity and therefore can evoke negative reactions far beyond the specific meaning of the term 39 michael selgelid terms this as a phase of neugenics suggesting that gene enhancements occurring now have already revived the idea of eugenics in our society practices of prenatal diagnosis selective abortion and in vitro fertilization aims to improve human life allowing for parents to decide via genetic information if they want to continue or terminate the pregnancy 40 a criticism of human enhancement is that it will create unfair physical or mental advantages or unequal access to such enhancements can and will further the gulf between the haves and have nots 41 42 43 44 futurist ray kurzweil has shown some concern that within the century humans may be required to merge with this technology in order to compete in the marketplace 33 enhanced individuals have a better chance of being chosen for better opportunities in careers entertainment and resources 45 for example life extending technologies can increase the average individual life span affecting the distribution of pension throughout the society increasing lifespan will affect human population further dividing limited resources such as food energy monetary resources and habitat 45 other critics of human enhancement fear that such capabilities would change for the worse the dynamic relations within a family given the choices of superior qualities parents make their child as opposed to merely birthing it and the newborn becomes a product of their will rather than a gift of nature to be loved unconditionally 46 effects on identity edit human enhancement technologies can impact human identity by affecting one s self conception 47 the argument does not necessarily come from the idea of improving the individual but rather changing who they are and becoming someone new altering an individual identity affects their personal story development and mental capabilities the basis of this argument comes from two main points the charge of inauthenticity and the charge of violating an individual s core characteristics 47 gene therapy has the ability to alter one s mental capacity and through this argument has the ability to affect their narrative identity 47 an individual s core characteristics may include internal psychological style personality general intelligence necessity to sleep normal aging gender and being homo sapiens technologies threaten to alter the self fundamentally to the point where the result is essentially a different person entirely 47 for example extreme changes in personality may affect the individual s relationships because others can no longer relate to the new person 44 the capability approach focuses on a normative framework that can be applied to how human enhancement technologies affects human capabilities 48 the ethics of this does not necessarily focus on the make up of the individual but rather what it allows individuals to do in today s society this approach was first termed by amartya sen where he mainly focused on the objectives of the approach rather than the aim for those objectives which entail resources technological processes and economic arrangement 48 the central human capabilities include life bodily health bodily integrity sense emotions practical reason affiliation other species play and control over one s environment this normative framework recognizes that human capabilities are always changing and technology has already played a part in this 48 see also edit biology portal science portal technology portal anti aging movement assisted reproductive technologies biohappiness body modification cloning congenital analgesia directed evolution transhumanism evidence based learning gene therapy genetic engineering grinder biohacking human animal hybrid life extension moral enhancement morphological freedom posthuman posthumanization technological singularity transhumanism references edit buchanan allen ethical issues of human enhancement institute for ethics and emerging technologies archived from the original on april 3 2019 retrieved april 26 2019 almeida mara diogo rui 2019 human enhancement evolution medicine and public health 2019 1 183 189 doi 10 1093 emph eoz026 pmc 6788211 pmid 31620286 raisamo roope rakkolainen ismo majaranta päivi salminen katri rantala jussi farooq ahmed 2019 human augmentation past present and future international journal of human computer studies 131 131 143 doi 10 1016 j ijhcs 2019 05 008 dorlands medical dictionary archived from the original on january 30 2008 lanni c lenzken sc pascale a et al march 2008 cognition enhancers between treating and doping the mind pharmacol res 57 3 196 213 doi 10 1016 j phrs 2008 02 004 pmid 18353672 landau elizabeth may 7 2012 so you re a cyborg now what cnn retrieved march 22 2013 pirmagomedov rustam koucheryavy yevgeni september 27 2019 iot technologies for augmented human a survey internet of things 14 100120 arxiv 1909 11191 bibcode 2019arxiv190911191p doi 10 1016 j iot 2019 100120 issn 2542 6605 s2cid 202750140 akyildiz ian f brunetti fernando blázquez cristina august 22 2008 nanonetworks a new communication paradigm computer networks 52 12 2260 2279 doi 10 1016 j comnet 2008 04 001 issn 1389 1286 cinel caterina valeriani davide poli riccardo 2019 neurotechnologies for human cognitive augmentation current state of the art and future prospects frontiers in human neuroscience 13 13 doi 10 3389 fnhum 2019 00013 pmc 6365771 pmid 30766483 marilyn e coors ph d pro life activities genetic enhancement custom kids and chimeras retrieved january 8 2023 bostrom nick march 27 2024 technological maturity deep utopia life and meaning in a solved world ideapress isbn 978 1 64687 164 3 tardner p august 30 2020 the use of citicoline for the treatment of cognitive decline and cognitive impairment a meta analysis of pharmacological literature international journal of environmental science technology international journal of environmental science technology retrieved august 31 2020 tardner p august 28 2020 the effects of phosphatidylserine supplementation on memory function in older people a review of clinical literature international journal of environmental science technology international journal of environmental science technology retrieved august 31 2020 aguiar sebastian borowski thomas 2013 neuropharmacological review of the nootropic herb bacopa monnieri rejuvenation research 16 4 313 326 doi 10 1089 rej 2013 1431 pmc 3746283 pmid 23772955 smeland olav b meisingset tore w borges karin sonnewald ursula 2012 chronic acetyl l carnitine alters brain energy metabolism and increases noradrenaline and serotonin content in healthy mice neurochemistry international 61 1 100 7 doi 10 1016 j neuint 2012 04 008 pmid 22549035 s2cid 1859924 owen gail n parnell holly de bruin eveline a rycroft jane a 2008 the combined effects of l theanine and caffeine on cognitive performance and mood nutritional neuroscience 11 4 193 8 doi 10 1179 147683008x301513 pmid 18681988 s2cid 46326744 giesbrecht t rycroft j a rowson m j de bruin e a 2010 the combination of l theanine and caffeine improves cognitive performance and increases subjective alertness nutritional neuroscience 13 6 283 90 doi 10 1179 147683010x12611460764840 pmid 21040626 s2cid 29075809 nobre anna c rao anling owen gail n 2008 l theanine a natural constituent in tea and its effect on mental state asia pacific journal of clinical nutrition 17 suppl 1 167 8 pmid 18296328 bobkova nv gruden ma samokhin an medvinskaia ni morozova roch l uudasheva ta ostrovskaia ru seredinin sb 2005 noopept improves the spatial memory and stimulates prefibrillar beta amyloid 25 35 antibody production in mice eksperimental naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia 68 5 11 5 pmid 16277202 radionova k s be...