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8166656, s11686, 00298, 682, acta, parasitologica, endoparasitic, canadian, iwasa, arai, serejo, siciliano, ott, freire, elwen, crespo, colosio, carvalho, rodríguez, rey, potential, interpreting, routes, 11336, 88640, jembe, 001, 2018jembe, 45i, félix, bearson, falconí, epizoic, removed, intense, activity, 984, 00058, 2006mmams, 979f, 979, tom, express, watch, strategic, down, independent, drone, footage, drowning, 33ft, sasha, enrico, 1210, mf19291, 2020mfres, 1205d, 1205, carcharodon, carcharias

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ave been recorded foraging in waters to the southwest of the continent mainly around bouvet island 86 comparison of songs between those at cape lopez and the abrolhos archipelago indicate that trans atlantic mixings between stock a and stock b whales occur 87 stock c whales winter around southeastern africa and surrounding waters this stock is further divided into c1 c2 c3 and c4 subpopulations c1 occurs around mozambique and eastern south africa c2 around the comoro islands c3 off the southern and eastern coast of madagascar and c4 around the mascarene islands the feeding range of this population is likely between coordinates 5 w and 60 e and south of 50 s 81 86 there may be overlap in the feeding areas of stocks b and c 86 stock d whales breed off the western coast of australia and forage in the southern region of the kerguelen plateau 88 stock e is divided into e1 e2 and e3 subpopulations 81 e1 whales have a breeding range off eastern australia and tasmania their main feeding range is close to antarctica mainly between 130 e and 170 w 89 the oceania stock is divided into the new caledonia e2 tonga e3 cook islands f1 and french polynesia f2 subpopulations this stock s feeding grounds mainly range from around the ross sea to the antarctic peninsula 90 human relations edit whaling edit main article whaling see also whaling in japan humpback whales killed by whalers off vancouver island early 20th century humpback whales were hunted as early as the late 16th century 4 they were often the first whale species to be harvested in an area due to their coastal distribution 14 north pacific kills alone are estimated at 28 000 during the 20th century 18 in the same period over 200 000 humpbacks were taken in the southern hemisphere 14 north atlantic populations dropped to as low as 700 individuals 18 in 1946 the international whaling commission iwc was founded to oversee the industry they imposed hunting regulations and created hunting seasons to prevent extinction the iwc banned commercial humpback whaling in 1966 by then the global population had been reduced to around 5 000 91 the soviet union deliberately under recorded its catches the soviets reported catching 2 820 between 1947 and 1972 but the true number was over 48 000 92 as of 2004 hunting was restricted to a few animals each year off the caribbean island of bequia in saint vincent and the grenadines 93 the take is not believed to threaten the local population japan had planned to kill 50 humpbacks in the 2007 08 season under its jarpa ii research program the announcement sparked global protests 94 after a visit to tokyo by the iwc chair asking the japanese for their co operation in sorting out the differences between pro and anti whaling nations on the commission the japanese whaling fleet agreed to take no humpback whales during the two years it would take to reach a formal agreement 95 in 2010 the iwc authorized greenland s native population to hunt a few humpback whales during the following three years 96 whale watching edit main article whale watching see also whale watching in australia whale watching off massachusetts much of the growth of commercial whale watching was focused on the humpback whale the species highly active surface behaviors and tendency to become accustomed to boats have made them easy to observe particularly for photographers in 1975 humpback whale tours were established in new england and hawaii 97 this business brings in a revenue of 20 million per year for hawaii s economy 98 while hawaiian tours have tended to be commercial new england and california whale watching tours have introduced educational components 97 although whale watching can raise awareness of humpback whale conservation 99 whale watching boats can have negative impacts on humpback whales including causing stress and disturbing behaviors like feeding mating and socializing this is particularly deleterious for mothers with calves regulations on whale vessels have included restrictions on how close the vessels can get to the whales 100 101 102 conservation status edit a dead humpback washed up near big sur california as of 2018 the iucn red list lists the humpback whale as of least concern with a worldwide population of around 135 000 whales of which around 84 000 are mature individuals and an increasing population trend 4 103 104 regional estimates are around 13 000 in the north atlantic 21 000 in the north pacific and 80 000 in the southern hemisphere for the isolated population in the arabian sea only around 80 individuals remain 105 and this population is considered to be endangered in most areas humpback whale populations have recovered from historic whaling particularly in the north pacific 15 such recoveries have led to the downlisting of the species threatened status in the united states canada and australia 103 106 in costa rica ballena marine national park was established for humpback protection 107 similarly the hawaiian islands humpback whale national marine sanctuary was established in 1992 to protect the then endangered humpback whale and its habitat 108 humpbacks still face man made threats including entanglement by fishing gear vessel collisions human caused noise and traffic disturbance coastal habitat destruction and climate change 15 like other cetaceans humpbacks can be injured by excessive noise in the 19th century two humpback whales were found dead near repeated oceanic sub bottom blasting sites with traumatic injuries and fractures in their ears 109 while oil ingestion is a risk for whales a 2019 study found that oil did not foul baleen and instead was easily rinsed by flowing water 110 noaa recorded 88 stranded humpback whales between january 2016 and february 2019 along the atlantic coast of the us this is more than double the number of whales stranded between 2013 and 2016 because of the increase in stranded whales noaa declared an unusual mortality event in april 2017 virginia beach aquarium s stranding response coordinator alexander costidis concluded that the two causes of these unusual mortality events were vessel interactions and entanglements 111 around the strait of magellan humpbacks have been the whale species that is most commonly reported to be involved in ship whale collisions since at least 2013 to decrease the number of collisions speed limits have been proposed in the area around the francisco coloane marine and coastal protected area 112 see also edit cetaceans portal mammals portal marine life portal list of cetaceans list of animals with humps tay whale harpooned humpback whale that was dissected by john struthers humphrey the whale individual humpback whale that became famous for entering san francisco bay during annual migration in 1985 and 1990 timmy whale individual humpback whale that sparked a media frenzy after becoming stranded at the german coast references edit mead j g brownell r l jr 2005 order cetacea in wilson d e reeder d m eds mammal species of the 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