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Text of the page (random words):
nologies and standards ieee 802 1as 2011 timing and synchronization for time sensitive applications gptp ieee 802 1qav 2009 forwarding and queuing for time sensitive streams fqtss ieee 802 1qat 2010 stream reservation protocol srp ieee 802 1ba 2011 4 audio video bridging avb systems ieee 1722 2011 layer 2 transport protocol for time sensitive applications av transport protocol avtp and ieee 1722 1 2013 device discovery enumeration connection management and control protocol avdecc ieee 802 1qat and 802 1qav amendments have been incorporated to the base ieee 802 1q 2011 document which specifies the operation of media access control mac bridges and virtual bridged local area networks avb was initially developed by the institute of electrical and electronics engineers ieee audio video bridging task group of the ieee 802 1 standards committee in november 2012 audio video bridging task group was renamed to time sensitive networking task group to reflect the expanded scope of its work which is to provide the specifications that will allow time synchronized low latency streaming services through ieee 802 networks 5 further standardization efforts are ongoing in ieee 802 1 tsn task group to help ensure interoperability between devices that implement the avb and tsn standards the avnu alliance develops device certification for the automotive consumer and professional audio and video markets 6 background edit analog audio video av equipment historically used one way single purpose point to point connections even digital av standards such as s pdif for audio and the serial digital interface sdi for video retain these properties this connection model results in large masses of cables especially in professional applications and high end audio 7 wiring of a patch bay of an outside broadcasting van attempts to solve these problems were based on multi point network topologies such as ieee 1394 firewire and included adaptation of standard switched computer network technologies such as audio over ethernet and audio over ip professional home and automotive av solutions came to use specialized protocols that do not interoperate with each other or standard it protocols while standard computer networks did not provide tight quality of service with strict timing and predictable or bounded latency 7 to overcome these limitations audio video bridging networks transmit multiple audiovisual streams through standard ethernet switches i e mac bridges connected in a hierarchical tree topology avb includes layer 2 protocols to reserve connection bandwidth and prioritise network traffic which guarantee precise sync clock and low transmission latency for each stream 7 tight sync between multiple av streams is needed for lip sync between video and related audio streams to keep multiple digitally connected speakers in phase in a professional environment which requires 1 μs precision and to prevent audio or video packets from arriving late to the endpoint resulting in a dropped frame of video and unwanted audio glitches such as a pop or silence worst case delay including source and destination buffering is required to be low and deterministic the user interface delay shall be around 50 ms so that the pressing of a button and the resulting action are perceived as happening instantly and 2 ms for live performance or studio work 7 summary edit figure 2 avb connections audio video bridging is implemented as a switched ethernet network that works by reserving a fraction of the available ethernet for av traffic the avb architecture introduces three primary differences precise synchronization using generalized precision time protocol gptp profile ieee 802 1as traffic shaping for av streams using frame priorities ieee 802 1qav and vlan tags ieee 802 1q and admission controls with stream reservation protocol ieee 802 1qat the ieee 802 1ba is an umbrella standard for these three principal technologies which defines application specific configurations and operation procedures for devices in switched audio video networks the new layer 2 configuration protocols work with backward compatible extensions to the ethernet 802 1 frame format such minimal changes allow avb devices to coexist and communicate in standard it networks however only avb capable switches and endpoints can reserve network resources with admission control and synchronize local time to a master clock which is required for low latency time sensitive traffic avb traffic is replicated in a multicast manner with one talker stream initiator and multiple listeners avb packets are sent at regular intervals in the allocated time slots preventing collisions for av traffic avb guarantees a latency of 2 ms for class a traffic and 50 ms for class b traffic over a maximum of 7 hops with a transmission period of 125 μs for class a and 250 μs for class b traffic an ieee 802 1as network timing domain includes all devices that communicate using the gptp protocol the grandmaster is a device chosen as the reference clock the 802 1ba specification requires every talker and network bridge to be grandmaster capable 802 3 link management and 802 1as link delay measurement protocols calculate the round trip delay to the avb endpoint this needs to be better than worst case wire delay from the 802 1as peer delay algorithm higher level protocols may use 802 1as clock information to set the exact presentation time for each av stream av transport and configuration edit ieee 1722 avtp edit see also audio over ethernet ieee std 1722 2011 8 for a layer 2 audio video transport protocol avtp defines details for transmitting ieee 1394 iec 61883 streams and other av formats setting the presentation time for each av stream and manage latencies from worst case delay calculated by the gptp protocol ieee 1722 1 avdecc edit ieee std 1722 1 2013 9 is a standard that provides avb discovery enumeration connection management and control avdecc of devices using ieee std 1722 2011 avdecc defines operations to discover device addition and removal retrieve device entity model connect and disconnect streams manage device and connection status and remote control devices interoperability edit higher layer services can improve synchronisation and latency of media transmission by mapping the avb stream id to internal stream identifiers and basing internal timestamps on gptp master clock ieee 1733 edit ieee std 1733 2011 10 defines a layer 3 protocol profile for real time transport protocol rtp applications with a rtcp payload format which assigns the stream id from srp to the rtp s synchronization source identifier ssrc and correlates rtp timestamps for presentation time with 802 1as gptp master clock aes67 edit aes67 is based on standard rtp over udp ip and ieee 1588 precision time protocol ptpv2 for timing interoperability with avb tsn can be achieved by linking ieee 802 1as timing information to aes67 ptpv2 payload data 11 12 13 14 aes67 implementation with avb interoperability has been demoed at infocomm 2016 15 16 milan edit in 2018 the avnu alliance announced the milan initiative to promote interoperability of avb devices and provide product certification and testing 17 the specification requires media clocking based on the avtp crf clock reference format and sample rate of 48 khz optionally 96 and 192 khz audio stream format is based on avtp iec 61883 6 32 bit standard aaf audio format with 1 to 8 audio channels per stream optionally 24 and 32 bit high capacity format with 56 and 64 channels redundancy is provided with two independent logical networks for every endpoint and a seamless switchover mechanism 17 detnet edit the ietf deterministic networking detnet working group is working to define deterministic data paths with bounds on latency loss and packet delay variation jitter and high reliability detnet shall operate over both layer 2 bridged segments and layer 3 routed segments relying on interoperability with avb tsn switches when possible 18 one of the possible applications of detnet is professional audio video such as music and film production broadcast cinema live sound and large venue stadiums halls conference centers theme parks airports train terminals etc systems for public addressing media streaming and emergency announcement the stated goal is to enable geographically distributed campus or enterprise wide intranet for content delivery with bounded low latency 10 15 ms a single network shall handle both a v and it traffic with layer 3 routing on top of avb qos networks to enable sharing content between layer 2 avb segments and provide intserv and diffserv integration with avb where possible unused reserved bandwidth shall be released for best effort traffic the protocol stack shall have plug and play capabilities from top to bottom to reduce manual setup and administration allow quick changes of network devices and network topology 19 large scale avb networks like those used by the espn sportscenter digital center 2 broadcast facility which hosts multiple individual studios are laid with many miles of fiber and have ten tbit s of bandwidth for a hundred thousand signals transmitted simultaneously in the absence of standards based solution to interconnect individual avb segments a custom software defined networking router is required 20 21 standardization edit the work on a v streaming started at the ieee 802 3re residential ethernet study group in july 2004 22 in november 2005 it was moved to the ieee 802 1 committee responsible for cross network bridging standards 23 audio video bridging standards suite standard title status publication date audio video bridging avb specifications ieee 802 1ba 2011 audio video bridging avb systems superseded by ieee 802 1ba 2021 30 september 2011 ieee 802 1qav 2009 forwarding and queuing enhancements for time sensitive streams fqtss incorporated into ieee 802 1q 2011 clause 34 5 january 2010 ieee 802 1qat 2010 stream reservation protocol srp incorporated into ieee 802 1q 2011 clause 35 30 september 2010 ieee 802 1q 2011 media access control mac bridges and virtual bridged local area networks incorporates ieee 802 1qav and 802 1qat amendmends superseded by ieee 802 1q 2014 2018 2022 31 august 2011 ieee 802 1as 2011 timing and synchronization for time sensitive applications in bridged local area networks gptp superseded by ieee 802 1as 2020 30 march 2011 time sensitive networking tsn specifications ieee 802 1as 2020 timing and synchronization for time sensitive applications gptp current 24 25 amended by 802 1as 2020 cor1 2021 26 30 january 2020 ieee 802 1ba 2021 tsn profile for audio video bridging avb systems current 27 12 december 2021 ieee 802 1q 2022 bridges and bridged networks current 28 22 december 2022 audio video transport protocol avtp and avdecc specifications ieee 1733 2011 layer 3 transport protocol for time sensitive applications in local area networks rtp current 25 april 2011 ieee 1722 2011 layer 2 transport protocol for time sensitive applications in a bridged local area network avtp superseded by ieee 1722 2016 6 may 2011 ieee 1722 2016 layer 2 transport protocol for time sensitive applications in a bridged local area network avtp current 16 december 2016 ieee p1722b avtp amendment new and extended streaming formats preparation ieee 1722 1 2013 device discovery enumeration connection management and control protocol avdecc current 23 august 2013 references edit an introduction to avb networking presonus retrieved december 2 2020 1 2 iec 61883 6 kreifeldt rick 30 july 2009 avb for professional a v use pdf avnu alliance white paper ieee 802 1 802 1ba audio video bridging avb systems www ieee802 org retrieved 2019 10 21 ieee 802 1 av bridging task group ieee802 org retrieved 2019 10 21 avnu alliance official website retrieved september 27 2011 1 2 3 4 michael johas teener et al no excuses audio video networking the technology behind avnu pdf avnu alliance archived from the original pdf on 2014 04 05 ieee 1722 2011 ieee standard for layer 2 transport protocol for time sensitive applications in a bridged local area network ieee archived from the original on september 19 2018 retrieved 2019 10 21 ieee 1722 1 2013 ieee standard for device discovery connection management and control protocol for ieee 1722 tm based devices ieee archived from the original on october 21 2019 retrieved 2019 10 21 ieee 1733 2011 ieee standard for layer 3 transport protocol for time sensitive applications in local area networks ieee archived from the original on may 7 2019 retrieved 2019 10 21 aes67 2018 annex d informative interfacing to ieee 802 1as clock domains aes67 2018 annex c informative avb network transport geoffrey m garner michel ouellette and michael johas teener 2012 09 27 using an ieee 802 1as network as a distributed ieee 1588 boundary ordinary or transparent clock 2010 international ieee symposium on precision clock synchronization for measurement control and communication ispcs ieee amaya nestor march 2016 aes67 for audio production background applications and challenges pdf smpte org retrieved 2019 10 21 joao martins 2016 06 16 avb tsn momentum and aes67 avb harmony at infocomm 2016 retrieved 2016 12 08 bach st2110 aes67 audio networking modules chips and software oem developer solutions ross video retrieved 2019 10 21 1 2 milan a user driven network protocol for professional media avnu org retrieved 2019 10 21 deterministic networking detnet documents datatracker ietf org retrieved 2019 10 21 grossman ethan november 11 2018 detnet use cases overview pdf ieee802 org retrieved 2019 10 21 espn digital center ethernet avb case study part 1 digital design corporation 2017 11 10 retrieved 2019 10 21 daley dan 10 june 2014 espn s dc2 scales avb large sports video group retrieved 2019 10 21 richard brand et al july 14 2004 residential ethernet ieee 802 3 call for interest pdf ieee 802 3 standards committee retrieved september 27 2011 ieee 802 3 residential ethernet study group official web site ieee 802 3 standards committee january 10 2006 retrieved september 27 2011 ieee 802 1as 2020 ieee standard for local and metropolitan area networks timing and synchronization for time sensitive applications ieee archived from the original on march 16 2020 retrieved 2021 01 26 p802 1as 2020 timing and synchronization for time sensitive applications 1 ieee802 org retrieved 2019 10 21 ieee 802 1as 2020 local and metropolitan area networks timing and synchronization for time sensitive applications corrigendum 1 technical and editorial correction ieee archived from the original on march 16 2020 ieee 802 1ba 2021 ieee standard for local and metropolitan area networks audio video bridging avb systems dead link ieee 802 1q 2022 ieee standard for local and metropolitan area networks bridges and bridged networks ieee retrieved 2021 01 26 external links edit time sensitive networking task group 802 1 audio video bridging task group archived ieee 1722 layer 2 transport protocol working group for time sensitive stream...
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