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led cannot be mediated by technical means licensees are required to resolve the dispute between themselves features edit the 3650 mhz rules allow for registered stations to operate at much higher power than traditional wi fi gear up to 20 watts equivalent isotropically radiated power the combination of higher power limits and enhancements made to the mac timing in 802 11 2007 will allow for the development of standards based 802 11 devices that could operate at distances of 5 kilometres 3 mi or more ieee 802 11y adds three new concepts to 802 11 2007 base standard contention based protocol cbp enhancements have been made to the carrier sensing and energy detection mechanisms of 802 11 in order to meet the fcc s requirements for a contention based protocol extended channel switch announcement ecsa provides a mechanism for an access point to notify the stations connected to it of its intention to change channels or to change channel bandwidth this mechanism will allow for the wlan to continuously choose the channel that is the least noisy and the least likely to cause interference ecsa also provides for other functionalities besides dynamic channel selection based on quality noise characteristics for instance in 802 11y amendment the licensed operator can send ecsa commands to any stations operating under their control registered or unregistered ecsa is also used in 802 11n in the 802 11n d2 0 implementation which is shipping undergoes wi fi alliance testing 20 mhz 40 mhz channel switching is provided for by the 11n phy s ecsa implementation note that 802 11n is specified for operation in the 2 4 ghz and 5 ghz license exempt bands but future amendments could permit 11n s phy to operate in other bands as well dependent station enablement dse is the mechanism by which an operator extends and retracts permission to license exempt devices referred to as dependent stas in 11y to use licensed radio spectrum fundamentally this process satisfies a regulatory requirement that dictates that a dependent stas operation is contingent upon its ability to receive periodic messages from a licensees base station but dse is extensible to other purposes in regards to channel management and coordination some of the benefits of dse include the enabling station aka the licensee s base station may or may not be the access point that the dependent sta connects to in fact an enabling station may enable both an access point and its clients also although the dependent stas are required by regulation to receive information from the enabling station over the air they are not required to transmit over the air to complete the dse process a dependent sta may connect to a nearby access point for a short period of time and use the internet or some other means to complete the channel permissioning process with the enabling station this flexibility reduces the likelihood of a dependent sta causing interference while attempting to connect to a far off enabling station the personal privacy and security of end users are ensured while at the same time licensees will have the information necessary to resolve disputes all 11y devices transmit a unique identifier for the purpose of resolving interference the high powered fixed stations and enabling stations transmit the location that they are operating from as their unique identifier this location is also registered in an fcc database that will identify the licensee the dependent stas broadcast the location of the station that enabled it plus a unique string supplied by the enabling station this ensures that the responsible party the licensee is contacted to resolve disputes this mechanism also alleviates the problems associated with having the dependent sta broadcasting its location requiring all devices to have gps or some other means of verifying their location would increase the cost and complexity of devices and this solution may be inadequate indoors this method also resolves fears that a mobile devices that constantly beacons its location could be used inappropriately by third parties to track a user s location beyond the 3650 band edit while the scope of 802 11y was limited to operation in the us 3650 3700 mhz band in the us care was taken so that if the light licensing concept was well received it would not be necessary to start the 3 year task group process in order for 802 11y devices to operate in other countries or in other frequency bands as a result lightly licensed 802 11 devices will be able to operate in any 5 10 or 20 mhz channel that regulators make available by simply adding entries to the country and regulatory information tables in annex i and j of 802 11 other potential bands for 802 11y include 4 9 ghz the regulatory classes and channel sizing needed to support the us public safety allocation at 4 9 ghz were added to 802 11 2007 3 dse and ecsa will allow frequency coordinators to have dynamic control over channel access 5 ghz regulators and equipment manufacturers continue to debate the effectiveness of dynamic frequency selection dfs as a mechanism to avoid incumbent users in the 5 ghz bands for example canada is not currently certifying 802 11 equipment for use in the 5600 5650 mhz band that is used by certain types of weather radars 4 802 11y may provide a solution that will allow wlans access to these bands firstly dse can be used to create exclusion zones around incumbent users secondly when combined with dse the 802 11y device identification mechanism allows devices that cause interference to be denied further access to a channel within seconds imt advanced candidate bands 450 862 2300 2400 2700 2900 3400 4200 and 4400 5000 mhz since 2003 the international telecommunication union itu has been studying the potential for imt advanced services aka systems beyond imt 2000 or 4g to use a number of frequencies between 450 and 5000 mhz for the next generation of cellular infrastructure these systems will be capable of transmitting 100 mb s when mobile and 1000 mb s while stationary unfortunately with the exception of a small amount of uhf spectrum that will become available upon the completion of the transition from analogue to digital television these bands are occupied on a piecemeal basis by incumbent users that are not easily relocated extensive sharing studies have concluded that co existence with legacy equipment over the same area is not feasible so traditional mobile licensing approaches are not practical yet academic studies have shown that at any give time even in dense urban environment there is ample unused spectrum across the candidate bands 5 the problem is that usage by the primary services in these bands may change over time as is the case with some radar systems or vary by sub channel based on location as is the case in the tv bands white spaces 802 11y along with the continued advances in multi band radio technology may provide a solution to this problem by granting channel access dynamically to users based on primary user avoidance techniques location and time it is of note that the us has not been able to adopt a single position on the suitability of the 3650 3700 band for imt advanced and that neither of the proposed positions seem to recognize the fcc s rules or the standardization work that has been done to date 6 applications edit back haul for municipal wi fi networks industrial automation and controls campus and enterprise networking last mile wireless broadband access fixed point to point links fixed point to mobile links public safety and security networks wireless community networks or wireless user groups regulatory 802 11y time line edit in 1995 ntia as per an omb report suggests the transfer of the 3650 mhz to 3700 mhz frequency band to mixed use status dec 1998 fcc s 3650 allocation press release announces this primary to mixed use transition dec 17 1998 kennard s fcc see fcc 98 337 7 jan 1999 the spectrum from 3650 to 3700 is given mixed use status and becomes available for non federal use apr 2004 original nprm dated 04 23 2004 fcc 04 100 from powell s fcc titled unlicensed operation in the band 3650 3700 mhz et al this is the proposed rules to maximize the efficient use of the 3650 3700 band and foster the introduction of new and advanced services 8 mar 2005 fcc releases r o from eot dated 03 16 2005 fcc 05 56 which describes in detail the use of the 3650 band and is titled wireless operations in the 3650 3700 mhz band rules for wireless broadband services in the 3650 3700 mhz band 9 mar 2005 802 11 s wng requests that a cbp study group be formed cbp sg to examine the opportunities afforded by fcc s 3650 mhz report and order and memorandum opinion and order fcc 05 56 nov 2005 the par and five criteria from the cbp sg are approved by the 802 executive committee creating the 802 11y task group jan 2007 first letter ballot received greater than 75 approval from 802 11 wg jun 2007 this is the fcc s mo o dated 06 07 2007 from oet fcc 07 99 in which the commission addresses the many petitions for reconsideration and other filings that resulted from fcc s 05 56 report and order see above 10 jun 2007 draft 3 0 received 94 approval from 802 11 wg 11 jul 2007 conditional approval was obtained from the 802 11 working group and granted by the executive committee to forward 11y to sponsor ballot aug 2007 last ex parte comment filed on proceeding 04 151 in response to fcc s nprm and r o describing operations in the 3650 band almost 450 comments are filed 12 see wispa s 13 filing for example 14 nov 2007 fcc begins providing the means via fcc s universal licensing system to allow non federal operators to purchase non exclusive nationwide licenses to allow for licensed operations in the 3650 band licensee call signs are assigned upon approval of application dec 21 2007 ieee iso sponsor ballot process begins for the 802 11 amendment y standard using draft 7 of the amendment jun 5 2008 start of final 15 day sponsor ballot recirc 4 to seek approval of a draft 11 after small clause 17 edit this draft will be forwarded to revcom and the ieee sa s standards board for approval and publication sep 26 2008 p802 11y is approved as a new standard during the ieee sa standards board s meeting that took place on this date the final draft document for amendment y is forwarded to the ieee s standards publications department in preparation for printing this standard took about 31 participant weeks over 2 5 years to draft and ballot 74 pages and resolve 1638 comments for this amendment to the 802 11 base standard comparison chart edit v t e 802 11 network standards frequency range or type phy protocol release date 15 freq uency band channel width stream data rate 16 max mimo streams modulation approx range in door out door ghz mhz mbit s 1 7 ghz dsss 17 fhss a 802 11 1997 june 1997 2 4 22 1 2 n a dsss fhss a 20 m 66 ft 100 m 330 ft hr dsss 17 802 11b september 1999 2 4 22 1 2 5 5 11 n a cck dsss 35 m 115 ft 140 m 460 ft ofdm 802 11a september 1999 5 5 10 20 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 54 for 20 mhz bandwidth divide by 2 and 4 for 10 and 5 mhz n a ofdm 35 m 115 ft 120 m 390 ft 802 11j november 2004 4 9 5 0 b 18 802 11y november 2008 3 7 c 5 000 m 16 000 ft c 802 11p july 2010 5 9 200 m 1 000 m 3 300 ft 19 802 11bd december 2022 5 9 60 500 m 1 000 m 3 300 ft erp ofdm 20 802 11g june 2003 2 4 38 m 125 ft 140 m 460 ft ht ofdm 21 802 11n wi fi 4 october 2009 2 4 5 20 up to 288 8 d 4 mimo ofdm 64 qam 70 m 230 ft 250 m 820 ft 22 40 up to 600 d vht ofdm 21 802 11ac wi fi 5 december 2013 5 20 up to 693 d 8 dl mu mimo ofdm 256 qam 35 m 115 ft 23 40 up to 1 600 d 80 up to 3 467 d 160 up to 6 933 d he ofdma 802 11ax wi fi 6 wi fi 6e may 2021 2 4 5 6 20 up to 1 147 e 8 ul dl mu mimo ofdma 1024 qam 30 m 98 ft 120 m 390 ft f 40 up to 2 294 e 80 up to 5 500 e 80 80 up to 11 000 e eht ofdma 802 11be wi fi 7 sep 2024 2 4 5 6 80 up to 5 764 e 8 ul dl mu mimo ofdma 4096 qam 30 m 98 ft 120 m 390 ft f 160 80 80 up to 11 500 e 240 160 80 up to 14 282 e 320 160 160 up to 23 059 e uhr 802 11bn wi fi 8 may 2028 est 2 4 5 6 320 up to 23 059 8 multi link mu mimo ofdm 4096 qam wur g 802 11ba october 2021 2 4 5 4 20 0 0625 0 25 62 5 kbit s 250 kbit s n a ook multi carrier ook mmwave wigig dmg 24 802 11ad december 2012 60 2 160 2 16 ghz up to 8 085 25 8 gbit s n a ofdm a single carrier low power single carrier a 3 3 m 11 ft 26 802 11aj april 2018 60 h 1 080 27 up to 3 754 3 75 gbit s n a single carrier low power single carrier a cmmg 802 11aj april 2018 45 h 540 1 080 up to 15 015 28 15 gbit s 4 29 ofdm single carrier edmg 30 802 11ay july 2021 60 up to 8 640 8 64 ghz up to 303 336 31 303 gbit s 8 ofdm single carrier 10 m 33 ft 100 m 328 ft sub 1 ghz iot tvht 32 802 11af february 2014 0 054 0 79 6 7 8 up to 568 9 33 4 mimo ofdm s1g 32 802 11ah may 2017 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 16 up to 8 67 34 2 mhz 4 light li fi lc vlc owc 802 11bb november 2023 800 1000 nm 20 up to 9 6 gbit s n a o ofdm ir a irda 802 11 1997 june 1997 850 900 nm 1 2 n a ppm a 802 11 standard rollups 802 11 2007 802 11ma march 2007 2 4 5 up to 54 dsss ofdm 802 11 2012 802 11mb march 2012 2 4 5 up to 150 d dsss ofdm 802 11 2016 802 11mc december 2016 2 4 5 60 up to 866 7 or 6 757 d dsss ofdm 802 11 2020 802 11md december 2020 2 4 5 60 up to 866 7 or 6 757 d dsss ofdm 802 11 2024 802 11me september 2024 2 4 5 6 60 up to 9 608 or 303 336 dsss ofdm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 this is obsolete and support for this might be subject to removal in a future revision of the standard for japanese regulation 1 2 ieee 802 11y 2008 extended operation of 802 11a to the licensed 3 7 ghz band increased power limits allow a range up to 5 000 m as of 2009 update it is only being licensed in the united states by the fcc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 based on short guard interval standard guard interval is 10 slower rates vary widely based on distance obstructions and interference 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 for single user cases only based on default guard interval which is 0 8 microseconds since multi user via ofdma has become available for 802 11ax these may decrease also these theoretical values depend on the link distance whether the link is line of sight or not interferences and the multi path components in the environment 1 2 the default guard interval is 0 8 microseconds however 802 11ax extended the maximum available guard interval to 3 2 microseconds in order to support outdoor communications where the maximum possible propagation delay is larger compared to indoor environments wake up radio wur operation 1 2 for chinese regulation references edit see fcc file fcc 05 56a1 pdf paragraph 7 page 4 pdf fcc 07 99 us federal communications commission permanent dead link 802 11 2007 ieee sa archived from the original on 2007 07 08 retrieved 2007 07 30 low power licence exempt radiocommunication device pdf industry canada 15 may 2019 additional requirements for the band 5600 5650 mhz until further notice devices subject to this section shall not be capable of transmitting in the band 5600 5650 mhz so that environment c...