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Text of the page (random words):
the codecs don t match e g ims might use amr pstn might use g 711 media resources edit media resources are those components that operate on the media plane and are under the control of ims core functions specifically media server ms and media gateway mgw ngn interconnection edit there are two types of next generation networking interconnection service oriented interconnection soix the physical and logical linking of ngn domains that allows carriers and service providers to offer services over ngn i e ims and pes platforms with control signalling i e session based which provides defined levels of interoperability for instance this is the case of carrier grade voice and or multimedia services over ip interconnection defined levels of interoperability are dependent upon the service or the qos or the security etc connectivity oriented interconnection coix the physical and logical linking of carriers and service providers based on simple ip connectivity irrespective of the levels of interoperability for example an ip interconnection of this type is not aware of the specific end to end service and as a consequence service specific network performance qos and security requirements are not necessarily assured this definition does not exclude that some services may provide a defined level of interoperability however only soix fully satisfies ngn interoperability requirements an ngn interconnection mode can be direct or indirect direct interconnection refers to the interconnection between two network domains without any intermediate network domain indirect interconnection at one layer refers to the interconnection between two network domains with one or more intermediate network domain s acting as transit networks the intermediate network domain s provide s transit functionality to the two other network domains different interconnection modes may be used for carrying service layer signalling and media traffic charging edit offline charging is applied to users who pay for their services periodically e g at the end of the month online charging also known as credit based charging is used for prepaid services or real time credit control of postpaid services both may be applied to the same session charging function addresses are addresses distributed to each ims entities and provide a common location for each entity to send charging information charging data function cdf addresses are used for offline billing and online charging function ocf for online billing offline charging all the sip network entities p cscf i cscf s cscf bgcf mrfc mgcf as involved in the session use the diameter rf interface to send accounting information to a cdf located in the same domain the cdf will collect all this information and build a call detail record cdr which is sent to the billing system of the domain each session carries an ims charging identifier icid as a unique identifier generated by the first ims entity involved in a sip transaction and used for the correlation with cdrs inter operator identifier ioi is a globally unique identifier shared between sending and receiving networks each domain has its own charging network billing systems in different domains will also exchange information so that roaming charges can be applied online charging the s cscf talks to a ims gateway function ims gwf which looks like a regular sip application server the ims gwf can signal the s cscf to terminate the session when the user runs out of credits during a session the as and mrfc use the diameter ro interface towards an ocf when immediate event charging iec is used a number of credit units is immediately deducted from the user s account by the ecf and the mrfc or as is then authorized to provide the service the service is not authorized when not enough credit units are available when event charging with unit reservation ecur is used the ecf event charging function first reserves a number of credit units in the user s account and then authorizes the mrfc or the as after the service is over the number of spent credit units is reported and deducted from the account the reserved credit units are then cleared ims based pes architecture edit ims based pes pstn emulation system provides ip networks services to analog devices ims based pes allows non ims devices to appear to ims as normal sip users analog terminal using standard analog interfaces can connect to ims based pes in two ways via a mgw access media gateway that is linked and controlled by agcf agcf is placed within the operators network and controls multiple a mgw a mgw and agcf communicate using h 248 1 megaco over the p1 reference point pots phone connect to a mgw over the z interface the signalling is converted to h 248 in the a mgw and passed to agcf agcf interprets the h 248 signal and other inputs from the a mgw to format h 248 messages into appropriate sip messages agcf presents itself as p cscf to the s cscf and passes generated sip messages to s cscf or to ip border via ibcf interconnection border control function service presented to s cscf in sip messages trigger pes as agcf has also certain service independent logic for example on receipt of off hook event from a mgw the agcf requests the a mgw to play dial tone via vgw voip gateway or sip gateway adapter on customer premises pots phones via voip gateway connect to p cscf directly operators mostly use session border controllers between voip gateways and p cscfs for security and to hide network topology voip gateway link to ims using sip over gm reference point the conversion from pots service over the z interface to sip occurs in the customer premises voip gateway pots signaling is converted to sip and passed on to p cscf vgw acts as sip user agent and appears to p cscf as sip terminal both a mgw and vgw are unaware of the services they only relay call control signalling to and from the pstn terminal session control and handling is done by ims components interfaces description edit tispan ims architecture with interfaces interface name ims entities description protocol technical specification cr mrfc as used by mrfc to fetch documents e g scripts announcement files and other resources from an as also used for media control related commands tcp sctp channels cx i cscf s cscf hss used to send subscriber data to the s cscf including filter criteria and their priority also used to furnish cdf and or ocf addresses diameter ts29 229 ts29 212 dh as sip as osa im ssf slf used by as to find the hss holding the user profile information in a multi hss environment dh_slf_query indicates an impu and dx_slf_resp return the hss name diameter dx i cscf or s cscf slf used by i cscf or s cscf to find a correct hss in a multi hss environment dx_slf_query indicates an impu and dx_slf_resp return the hss name diameter ts29 229 ts29 212 gm ue p cscf used to exchange messages between sip user equipment ue or voip gateway and p cscf sip go pdf ggsn allows operators to control qos in a user plane and exchange charging correlation information between ims and gprs network cops rel5 diameter rel6 gq p cscf pdf used to exchange policy decisions related information between p cscf and pdf diameter gx pcef pcrf used to exchange policy decisions related information between pcef and pcrf diameter ts29 211 ts29 212 gy pcef ocs used for online flow based bearer charging functionally equivalent to ro interface diameter ts23 203 ts32 299 isc s cscf as reference point between s cscf and as main functions are to notify the as of the registered impu registration state and ue capabilities supply the as with information to allow it to execute multiple services convey charging function addresses sip ici ibcfs used to exchange messages between an ibcf and another ibcf belonging to a different ims network sip izi trgws used to forward media streams from a trgw to another trgw belonging to a different ims network rtp ma i cscf as main functions are to forward sip requests which are destined to a public service identity hosted by the as originate a session on behalf of a user or public service identity if the as has no knowledge of a s cscf assigned to that user or public service identity convey charging function addresses sip mg mgcf i s cscf isup signalling to sip signalling and forwards sip signalling to i cscf sip mi s cscf bgcf used to exchange messages between s cscf and bgcf sip mj bgcf mgcf used for the interworking with the pstn cs domain when the bgcf has determined that a breakout should occur in the same ims network to send sip message from bgcf to mgcf sip mk bgcf bgcf used for the interworking with the pstn cs domain when the bgcf has determined that a breakout should occur in another ims network to send sip message from bgcf to the bgcf in the other network sip mm i cscf s cscf external ip network used for exchanging messages between ims and external ip networks sip mn mgcf im mgw allows control of user plane resources h 248 mp mrfc mrfp allows an mrfc to control media stream resources provided by an mrfp h 248 mr mr s cscf mrfc as mrfc used to exchange information between s cscf and mrfc used to exchange session controls between as and mrfc application server sends sip message to mrfc to play tone and announcement this sip message contains sufficient information to play tone and announcement or provide information to mrfc so that it can ask more information from application server through cr interface sip mw p cscf i cscf s cscf agcf used to exchange messages between cscfs agcf appears as a p cscf to the other cscfs sip mx bgcf cscf ibcf used for the interworking with another ims network when the bgcf has determined that a breakout should occur in the other ims network to send sip message from bgcf to the ibcf in the other network sip p1 agcf a mgw used for call control services by agcf to control h 248 a mgw and residential gateways h 248 p2 agcf cscf reference point between agcf and cscf sip rc mrb as used by the as to request that media resources be assigned to a call when using mrb in line mode or in query mode sip in query mode not specified rf p cscf i cscf s cscf bgcf mrfc mgcf as used to exchange offline charging information with cdf diameter ts32 299 ro as mrfc s cscf used to exchange online charging information with ocf diameter ts32 299 rx p cscf pcrf used to exchange policy and charging related information between p cscf and pcrf replacement for the gq reference point diameter ts29 214 sh as sip as osa scs hss used to exchange user profile information e g user related data group lists user service related information or user location information or charging function addresses used when the as has not received the third party register for a user between an as sip as or osa scs and hss also allow as to activate deactivate filter criteria stored in the hss on a per subscriber basis diameter si im ssf hss transports camel subscription information including triggers for use by camel based application services information map sr mrfc as used by mrfc to fetch documents scripts and other resources from an as http ut ue and sip as sip as osa scs im ssf pes as and agcf facilitates the management of subscriber information related to services and settings http s xcap z pots analog phones and voip gateways conversion of pots services to sip messages session handling edit one of the most important features of ims that of allowing for a sip application to be dynamically and differentially based on the user s profile triggered is implemented as a filter and redirect signalling mechanism in the s cscf the s cscf might apply filter criteria to determine the need to forward sip requests to as services for the originating party will be applied in the originating network while the services for the terminating party will be applied in the terminating network all in the respective s cscfs initial filter criteria edit an initial filter criteria ifc is an xml based format used for describing control logic ifcs represent a provisioned subscription of a user to an application they are stored in the hss as part of the ims subscription profile and are downloaded to the s cscf upon user registration for registered users or on processing demand for services acting as unregistered users ifcs are valid throughout the registration lifetime or until the user profile is changed 7 the ifc is composed of priority determines the order of checking the trigger trigger point logical condition s which is verified against initial dialog creating sip requests or stand alone sip requests application server uri specifies the application server to be forwarded to when the trigger point matches there are two types of ifcs shared when provisioning only a reference number the shared ifc number is assigned to the subscriber during registration only the number is sent to the cscf not the entire xml description the complete xml will have previously been stored on the cscf non shared when provisioning the entire xml description of the ifc is assigned to the subscriber during registration the entire xml description is sent to the cscf security aspects of early ims and non 3gpp systems edit it is envisaged that security defined in ts 33 203 may not be available for a while especially because of the lack of usim isim interfaces and prevalence of devices that support ipv4 for this situation to provide some protection against the most significant threats 3gpp defines some security mechanisms which are informally known as early ims security in tr33 978 this mechanism relies on the authentication performed during the network attachment procedures which binds between the user s profile and its ip address this mechanism is also weak because the signaling is not protected on the user network interface cablelabs in packetcable 2 0 which adopted also the ims architecture but has no usim isim capabilities in their terminals published deltas to the 3gpp specifications where the digest md5 is a valid authentication option later on tispan also did a similar effort given their fixed networks scopes although the procedures are different to compensate for the lack of ipsec capabilities tls has been added as an option for securing the gm interface later 3gpp releases have included the digest md5 method towards a common ims platform yet in its own and again different approach although all 3 variants of digest md5 authentication have the same functionality and are the same from the ims terminal s perspective the implementations on the cx interface between the s cscf and the hss are different see also edit 4g generic access network image share oma instant messaging and presence service ip connectivity access network mobile broadband mobile voip peer to peer video sharing service capability interaction manager system architecture evolution simple sip extensions for the ip multimedia subsystem text over ip ultra mobile broadband video share voice call continuity references edit technical specification group services and system aspects 2...