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prophet of islam preceded by sheth succeeded by nuh a personal life born babylon a religious life religion islam part of a series on islam islamic prophets prophets in the quran listed by islamic name and biblical name ʾādam adam ʾidrīs enoch nūḥ noah hūd eber ṣāliḥ selah ʾibrāhīm abraham lūṭ lot ʾismāʿīl ishmael ʾisḥāq isaac yaʿqūb jacob yūsuf joseph ayyūb job shuʿayb jethro mūsā moses hārūn aaron dhū l kifl ezekiel dāwūd david sulaymān solomon yūnus jonah ʾilyās elijah alyasaʿ elisha zakariyyā zechariah yaḥyā john ʿīsā jesus muḥammad muhammad main events stories of the prophets the three messengers views jews christians and muslims prophets abrahamic prophets islam portal v t e idris instructing his children double page from the manuscript of qisas al anbiya by ishaq ibn ibrahim al nishapuri iran probably qazvin 1570 80 chester beatty library idris arabic إدريس romanized ʾidrīs is an ancient prophet mentioned in the quran who muslims believe was the second prophet after adam 1 2 he is the third prophet mentioned in the quran islamic tradition has unanimously identified idris with the biblical enoch 3 4 many muslim scholars of the classical and medieval periods held that idris and hermes trismegistus were the same person 5 6 he is described in the quran as trustworthy and patient 7 and the quran also says that he was exalted to a high station 8 9 because of this and other parallels traditionally idris has been identified with the biblical enoch 10 and islamic tradition usually places idris in the early generations of adam and considers him one of the oldest prophets mentioned in the quran placing him between adam and noah 11 idris unique status 12 inspired many future traditions and stories surrounding him in islamic folklore according to a hadith narrated by malik ibn anas and found in sahih muslim it is said that on muhammad s night journey he encountered idris in the fourth of the seven heavens 13 the traditions that have developed around the figure of idris have given him the scope of a prophet as well as a philosopher and mystic 14 and many later muslim mystics or sufis including ruzbihan baqli and ibn arabi also mentioned having encountered idris in their spiritual visions 15 name edit the name idris إدريس has been described as perhaps having the origin of meaning interpreter a claim consistent with the three letter root of the name darasa arabic ﺩَﺭَﺱَ lit to study 16 traditionally islam holds the prophet as having functioned an interpretive and mystical role and therefore this meaning garnered a general acceptance later muslim sources those of the eighth century began to hold that idris had two names idris and enoch and other sources even stated that idris true name is enoch and that he is called idris in arabic because of his devotion to the study of the sacred books of his ancestors adam and seth 17 therefore these later sources also highlighted idris as either meaning interpreter or having some meaning close to that of an interpretive role several of the classical commentators on the quran such as al baydawi said he was called idris from the arabic dars meaning to study from his knowledge of divine mysteries 18 quran edit idris is mentioned twice in the quran in both instances he is described as a wise man in surah 19 of the quran maryam god says also mention in the book the case of idris he was a man of truth and sincerity and a prophet and we raised him to an exalted place quran 19 56 57 yusuf ali later in surah 21 al anbiya idris is again praised and remember isma il idris and dhu al kifl 19 all men of constancy and patience we admitted them to our mercy for they were of the righteous ones quran 21 85 86 yusuf ali muslim literature edit according to later muslim writings idris was born in babylon a city located in present day iraq before he received the divine revelation he followed the rules revealed to prophet seth the son of adam when idris grew older god bestowed prophethood on him during his lifetime the people were not yet muslims afterwards idris left his hometown of babylon because a great number of the people committed many sins even after he urged them against it some of his people left with and accompanied idris hard as it was for them to leave their home they asked prophet idris if we leave babylon where will we find a place like it prophet idris said if we immigrate for the sake of allah he will provide for us so the people went with prophet idris and they reached the land of egypt they saw the nile river idris stood at its bank and mentioned allah the exalted by saying subhanallah arabic سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّٰه lit glory be to god 20 islamic literature narrates that idris was made a prophet at around 40 which parallels the age when muhammad began to spread the prophetic message and lived during a time when people had begun to worship fire 21 exegesis embellishes upon the lifetime of idris and states that the prophet divided his time into two for three days of the week idris would preach to his people and for four days he would devote himself solely to the worship of god 21 many early commentators such as al tabari 22 credited idris with possessing great wisdom and knowledge islamic tafsir narrates that idris was among the first men to use the pen as well as being one of the first men to observe the movement of the stars and set out scientific weights and measures 21 these attributes remain consistent with the identification of enoch with idris as these attributes make it clear that idris would have most probably lived during the generations of adam 21 the same era during which enoch lived ibn arabi described idris as the prophet of the philosophers and a number of works were attributed to him 23 some scholars wrote commentaries on these supposed works 24 all while idris was also credited with several inventions including the art of making garments 23 the islamic prophet idris in paradise from a 1577 qisas al anbiya manuscript the commentator ibn ishaq narrated that he was the first man to write with a pen 25 in his commentary on the quranic verses 19 56 57 the commentator ibn kathir narrated during the night journey the prophet passed by him i e idris in the fourth heaven in a hadith ibn abbas asked ka b 26 what was meant by the part of the verse which says and we raised him to a high station ka b explained allah revealed to idris i would raise for you every day the same amount of the deeds of all adam s children perhaps meaning of his time only so idris wanted to increase his deeds and devotion a friend of his from the angels visited and idris said to him allah has revealed to me such and such so could you please speak to the angel of death so i could increase my deeds the angel carried him on his wings and went up into the heavens when they reached the fourth heaven they met the angel of death who was descending down towards earth the angel spoke to him about what idris had spoken to him before the angel of death said but where is idris he replied he is upon my back the angel of death said how astonishing i was sent and told to seize his soul in the fourth heaven i kept thinking how i could seize it in the fourth heaven when he was on the earth then he took his soul out of his body and that is what is meant by the verse and we raised him to a high station 27 early accounts of idris life attributed thirty portions of revealed scripture to him 18 therefore idris was understood by many early commentators to be both a prophet as well as a messenger several modern commentators have linked this sentiment with biblical apocrypha such as the book of enoch and the second book of enoch 18 identification edit enoch edit idris is generally accepted to be the same as enoch the patriarch who lived in the generations of adam many quranic commentators such as al tabari and qadi baydawi identified idris with enoch baizawi said idris was of the posterity of seth and a forefather of noah and his name was enoch ar akhnukh 18 bursalı i̇smail hakkı s commentary on fuṣūṣ al ḥikam by ibn arabi 28 modern scholars however do not concur with this identification because they argue that it lacks definitive proof as translator abdullah yusuf ali says in note 2508 of his translation of the quran idris is mentioned twice in the quran viz here and in chapter 21 verse 85 where he is mentioned as among those who patiently persevered his identification with the biblical enoch may or may not be correct nor are we justified in interpreting verse 57 here as meaning the same thing as in genesis v 24 god took him that he was taken up without passing through the portals of death all we are told is he was a man of truth and sincerity and a prophet and that he had a high position among his people abdullah yusuf ali the holy qur an text translation and commentary 29 with this identification idris s father becomes yarid يريد his mother barkanah and his wife aadanah idris s son methuselah would eventually be the grandfather of nuh noah hence idris is identified as the great grandfather of noah 30 hermes trismegistus edit antoine faivre in the eternal hermes 1995 has pointed out that hermes trismegistus a syncretic combination of the greek god hermes and the egyptian god thoth 31 has a place in the islamic tradition although the name hermes does not appear in the quran hagiographers and chroniclers of the first centuries of the islamic hijrah quickly identified hermes trismegistus with idris 32 the prophet mentioned by the quran in 19 56 57 and 21 85 whom the arabs also identified with enoch cf genesis 5 18 24 idris hermes was termed thrice wise hermes trismegistus because he had a threefold origin the first hermes comparable to thoth was a civilizing hero an initiator into the mysteries of the divine science and wisdom that animate the world he carved the principles of this sacred science in egyptian hieroglyphs the second hermes in babylon was the initiator of pythagoras the third hermes was the first teacher of alchemy a faceless prophet writes the islamicist pierre lory hermes possesses no concrete or salient characteristics differing in this regard from most of the major figures of the bible and the quran 33 a common interpretation of the representation of trismegistus as thrice great recalls the three characterizations of idris as a messenger of god or a prophet as a source of wisdom or hikmet wisdom from hokhmah and as a king of the world order or a sultanate these are referred to as müselles bin ni me the star worshipping sect known as the sabians of harran also believed that their doctrine descended from hermes trismegistus 34 other identifications edit due to the linguistic dissimilarities of the name idris with the aforementioned figures several historians have proposed that this quranic figure is derived from andreas the immortality achieving cook from the syriac alexander romance 35 36 37 in addition historian patricia crone proposes that both idris and andreas are derived from the akkadian epic of atra hasis 38 see also edit biblical narratives and the quran legends and the quran muhammad in islam prophets of islam stories of the prophets notes edit 1 2 assuming idris is identical with enoch references edit kīsāʾī qiṣaṣ i 81 5 i̇drîs tdv i̇slâm ansiklopedisi islamansiklopedisi org tr retrieved 2020 08 11 erder yoram idrīs in encyclopaedia of the qurʾān general editor jane dammen mcauliffe georgetown university washington dc p s alexander jewish tradition in early islam the case of enoch idrīs in g r hawting j a mojaddedi and a samely eds studies in islamic and middle eastern texts and traditions in memory of norman calder jss supp 12 oxford 2000 11 29 w f albright review of th boylan the hermes of egypt in journal of the palestine oriental society 2 1922 190 8 h t halman idris in holy people of the world a cross cultural encyclopedia abc clio 2004 p 388 qur an 19 56 57 and qur an 21 85 86 quran 19 56 57 encyclopedia of islam idris juan eduardo campo infobase publishing 2009 pg 344 encyclopedia of islam juan eduardo campo infobase publishing 2009 pg 559 encyclopedia of islam juan eduardo campo infobase publishing 2009 pg 344 his translation made him islamic tradition places him sometime between adam and noah encyclopedia of islam juan eduardo campo infobase publishing 2009 pg 344 his translation made him a unique human being sahih muslim 162a 164a wheeler historical dictionary of the prophets in islam and judaism idris pg 148 encyclopedia of islam juan eduardo campo infobase publishing 2009 pg 345 encyclopedia of islam infobase publishing 2009 pg 344 it probably originated as a term in ancient hebrew for interpreter encyclopedia of islam juan eduardo campo infobase publishing 2009 pg 344 1 2 3 4 a dictionary of islam t p hughes ashraf printing press repr 1989 pg 192 see ezekiel islamic history of the prophets of god الأنبياء www alsunna org archived from the original on 2010 07 08 1 2 3 4 lives of the prophets leila azzam history of the prophets and kings tabari volume i prophets and patriarchs 1 2 encyclopedia of islam g vajda idris ibn sabi n is said to have written on one of idris s works cf hajiji khalifa iii 599 no 7010 pen wikipedia 2024 06 08 retrieved 2024 07 11 ka b al ahbar wikipédia in french 2026 06 11 retrieved 2026 09 04 tafsir ibn kathir commentary 19 56 57 zaid h assfy islam and christianity connections and contrasts together with the stories of the prophets and imams sessions 1977 p122 abdullah yusuf ali the holy qur an text translation and commentary c2508 idris is mentioned twice in the quran viz here and in 21 85 where he is mentioned among those who patiently persevered his identification with the biblical enoch who walked with god gen 5 21 24 may or may not be correct nor are we justified in interpreting verse 57 here as meaning the same thing as in gen 5 24 god took him that he was taken up without passing through the portals of death all we are told is that he was a man of truth and sincerity and a prophet and that he had a high position among his people it is this point which brings him in the series of men just mentioned he kept himself in touch with his people and was honoured among them spiritual progress need not cut us off from our people for we have to help and guide them he kept to truth and piety in the highest station hazrat idrees enoch علیہ السلام biography a survey of the literary and archaeological evidence for the background of hermes trismegistus in the greek hermes and the egyptian thoth may be found in bull christian h 2018 the tradition of hermes trismegistus the egyptian priestly figure as a teacher of hellenized wisdom religions in the graeco roman world 186 leiden brill doi 10 1163 9789004370845 isbn 978 90 04 37084 5 s2cid 165266222 pp 33 96 van bladel kevin 2009 the arabic hermes from pagan sage to prophet of science oxford oxford university press doi 10 1093 acprof oso 9780195376135 001 0001 isbn 978 0 19 537613 5 p 168 abu mas har s biography of hermes written approximat...