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me public after the collapse of the four go houses several incorrect editions are published before the discovery in 1982 of a copy that is close to the original now lost igo hatsuyōron is considered the most difficult of such collections and as such is still used for training go professionals it contains many problems so complex that false or incomplete solutions were given in the first editions and in particular an exceptional problem by its theme and its depth rediscovered in 1982 and which is not yet completely solved in 2015 history edit inoue dōsetsu inseki the fourth head of the inoue house and meijin from 1708 to his death in 1719 is best known for his role as guardian of the young dōchi after the death of his master dōsaku 1 his exceptional skill as a composer of go problems was only discovered after the collapse of the four go houses from 1868 during the meiji restoration n 1 in 1713 dōsetsu compiled igo hatsuyōron from a collection of more than 1500 problems many of which were composed by him or improved from previous problems 2 the book is designed to serve the training of the best disciples and to this end contains only the problems without any indication on their solution n 2 for more than 150 years it was kept secret being studied only one problem at a time under the direct control of the inoue house the very existence of the book was ignored by the other three houses hon inbō hayashi and yasui 2 the hatsuyōron became public after 1868 passing from hand to hand in the hon inbō house 2 and a first edition is published in 1914 by hon inbō shūsai enriched with solutions and comments from that moment the book acquired its reputation of the most difficult collection of go problems 3 two other editions mostly from shūsai s but improving and detailing the solutions appeared in 1953 under the direction of hideyuki fujisawa and in 1980 under the direction of utaro hashimoto these editions however are based not on the original manuscript which is thought to have been destroyed in a fire 2 but on incorrect copies into which some problems from xuanxuan qijing the oldest chinese classics slipped in 1982 araki naomi discovered a previous copy 4 apparently containing only the problems of the original version including two previously unknown the responsibility of a new edition was entrusted to hideyuki fujisawa then kisei which caused him to look more closely at one of these two problems the number 120 to conclude that this is the most difficult problem ever composed he publishes an article on this subject 5 detailing the remarks of the complete edition from 1988 an analysis of the solutions of the 1982 edition by chinese professionals led them to question some of the japanese conclusions cheng xiaoliu n 3 published in 2010 a revised edition of their comments under the title of wéiqí fāyánglùn yánjiū 围棋 发 阳 论 研究 research on hatsuyōron 6 content edit the exact initial composition of the collection is unknown and the order of the problems is probably corrupt cheng xiaoliu noted that in the edition of 1914 the first problem has no solution n 4 and suggests that it could have been placed in first position by some rival school to discredit the book 7 the copy used in the 1982 edition however is considered fairly close to the original work composed by dōsetsu 2 and also contains a written postface by his hand in which he explains in particular the meaning of the title of the collection and how it should be studied n 2 this copy contains 183 problems divided into six sections n 5 live 30 problems kill 46 problems among which 13 problems of sacrifice of blocks nakade and ishinoshita grouped at the end of section ko battles 51 problems capturing races semeai 36 problems ladders shichō n 6 12 problems various problems 8 problems most of these problems except perhaps those of the last two sections can be considered life and death problems the hatsuyōron does not deal with issues of strategy but only aims to develop the capacity of tactical play n 2 these problems however are not realistic in the sense that they would come from situations that can be met in a real game they seek above all to show extraordinary moves and maneuvers and to force one to envisage well hidden resistances moreover one of the conventions chosen for these problems is that all the stones of the initial setting must be useful 8 n 7 which dōsetsu sometimes exploits for additional artistic effects as displayed by the example of problem 43 almost all these problems are at the level of professional players and are still used in their training 2 that is to say that an amateur player cannot solve them in a game situation without the mental aid of laying stones on the board some of them are so difficult that they are probably insoluble under these conditions even by the best players this is particularly the case of the seven problems covering the entire goban including the astonishing problem 76 which he gives the title the bait catches the fish 9 the most difficult problem ever composed edit go board 19 by 19 black stones s19 h18 m18 f17 n17 b16 m16 c15 d15 f15 m15 n15 p15 q15 b14 n14 p14 p13 d12 p12 q12 r12 s12 t12 d11 n11 o11 p11 q11 a10 f10 m10 a9 e9 m9 s9 t9 a8 e8 j8 q8 r8 a7 b7 e7 r7 s7 d6 f6 n6 c5 f5 l5 p5 b4 c4 e4 q4 t4 f3 q3 r3 t3 c2 o2 q2 b1 o1 p1 q1 white stones r19 j18 k18 n18 s18 h17 r17 c16 k16 o16 p16 l15 r15 s15 d14 f14 q14 b13 c13 d13 g13 h13 l13 m13 o13 a12 h11 l11 s11 t11 b10 c10 k10 o10 p10 q10 r10 d9 k9 p9 d8 k8 s8 t8 h7 k7 t7 b6 c6 e6 k6 p6 s6 t6 r5 s5 t5 a4 h4 l4 m4 n4 p4 r4 e3 s3 a2 j2 n2 p2 n1 igo hatsuyōron 120 black to play and win in 1982 a copy from the 19th century was found containing two problems not included in previous editions 4 the manuscript was entrusted to fujisawa hideyuki then kisei to make a new edition commented on it but assuming that the problem 120 had been copied badly he handed it over to one of his disciples yasuda yasutoshi to try to rectify it 10 he finally saw the unprecedented sacrifice maneuver which is the main theme of the problem and after about a thousand hours of collective work n 8 fujisawa believed that the problem is solved and published its solution translated in gb world number 29 under the title the most difficult problem ever accompanied by a complimentary comment mentioning the surprising novelty of the theme and forms the precise calculation of the fights and the delicate balance of trade and score all of which make this unique problem the masterpiece of a lifetime 5 the statement of the problem figure on the right is a position that could almost be drawn from a real game accompanied by the caption black plays and wins the game n 9 the solution is in the main variant a long series of battles using tactics unthinkable even for professional players containing in particular a sacrifice of twenty black stones that white is obliged to refuse as long as possible n 10 and completing after more than one hundred and fifty moves end game subtleties yose finally ending in a black victory by one or two points 11 this analysis is not disputed by the chinese edition of hatsuyōron in 1988 although this edition contains an improvement of the main sequence bringing the margin of black s victory to three points but in 2005 a german amateur player joachim meinhardt discovered an unexpected resistance of white 4 confirmed by professionals n 11 this line of play questions all previous solutions at the end of 2007 another german amateur thomas redecker observed that a seemingly mediocre play by black which had never been envisaged until then played at the opportune moment at move 67 of the main variant perhaps allows the situation to be saved and decided to publish all of the analyses on a website later in the form of a book 12 they are enriched first with the help of a wiki 13 by many amateur and professional players and a winning line for black was confirmed by professional players starting in 2012 but in 2015 new variations appeared again 13 the problem cannot therefore be considered as completely resolved n 12 from 2016 onwards the spectacular progress in artificial intelligence led some optimistic amateurs to believe that a solution could be obtained by computer but attempts in this direction were disappointing until 2019 citation needed however in october 2019 a significant improvement in the deep learning techniques used made it possible to discover new variations based on moves never before envisaged showing that a definitive solution has still not been reached 14 notes and references edit notes edit for example the go player s almanac which relies for its historic part of documents of the edo period does not even mention the hatsuyōron in its section about dosetsu 1 2 3 in his postface dōsetsu insists on the necessity for the study of these problems to bear fruit to give no indication about them not even the objective to reach 6th dan chinese professional in the 1982 edition this issue bears the number 17 and according to cheng xiaoliu deserves the sarcastic caption black plays and dies this distribution as well as numbering problems seems to have been introduced in the 1982 edition by fujisawa hideyuki also classified in this section are loose ladders yurumi shicho that is to say the sequences where the fleeing group runs through an important part of goban but fails to win freedom this convention sometimes makes the resolution easier since we know that we have not yet perceived all the subtleties of the position if there remains a stone whose role is not understood it also ensures that there are no really intentional false tracks in these problems which is unusually long for professionals analyzing this question harry fearnley a british 2nd dan for example says discussing the shots yose a secondary variant of the problem 120 with a korean professional she showed him immediately the correct sequence that his group of fans had taken several weeks to determine igo hatsuyoron problem 120 p 138 in fact this statement was added by fujisawa in accordance with the principles stated by dōsetsu in his postface the original manuscript contained no indication of the purpose of the problem these stones are on the border of a temporary seki in a rare configuration known as hanezeki an accurate analysis of the reasons for which white refuses to accept this poisoned gift is found in the corresponding article of sensei s library more detailed calculations of the consequences of capture can be found for example in harry fearnley s study p 27 cheng xiaoliu carefully analyzing this resistance not attributed to joachim meinhardt in the chinese edition of 2010 cheng 2010 p 386 the complete resolution of a tsumego problem according to the criteria of professional players requires that all essential variants have been explored and not only that the statement is satisfied here that black wins the game but that the result is the best possible and so in this case that black has the greatest possible advance against the best white resistance references edit the go player s almanac ishi press june 1992 p 24 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 yutopian 1997 p iii to vii preface some of this information comes from the postface of dōsetsu rediscovered in 1982 igo hatsuyōron is hailed as the highest authority in tsumego yutopian 1997 p 1 1 2 3 redecker 2011 p 9 1 2 fujisawa 1982 p 49 cheng 2010 yutopian 1997 p 41 yutopian 1997 p 158 the bait catches the fish in noriyuki nakayama the treasure chest enigma slate and shell 2005 p 180 redecker 2011 p 135 redecker 2011 p 52 53 redecker 2011 1 2 collaborative website maintained by thomas redecker in 2015 this site was redesigned for a paper publication and its content is now available at volume i solution and volume ii volume ii theoretical analyzes a presentation of the techniques used and the main results obtained on the lifein19x19 site works cited edit inoue dōsetsu inseki cheng xiaoliu 1997 igo hatsuyo ron yutopian isbn 1 889554 01 4 cheng xiaoliu 2010 wéiqí fāyánglùn yánjiū 围棋发阳论研究 research on go theory in chinese people s sports publishing house isbn 978 7 5009 3698 5 fujisawa hideyuki autumn 1982 the most difficult go problem ever go world no 29 redecker thomas 2011 the most difficult problem ever igo hatsuyoron 120 in german and english brett und stein isbn 978 3 940563 18 7 archived from the original on 2015 04 21 retrieved 2023 07 21 v t e go overview handicaps komi rules equipment bowls goban katsura kaya stones clamshell slate yunzi terms aji atari board positions dame divine move double hane eyes gote sente and tenuki hane hayago jigo joseki kakari keima kiai kikashi ko komi korigatachi kosumi ladder liberty miai monkey jump moyo myoushu nakade nerai myoushu peep pincer probe sabaki seki sente shape shoulder hit tesuji thickness yose strategy and tactics capturing race fuseki chinese kobayashi shinfuseki shusaku jōseki nadare taisha ko fight ladder life and death mirror go opening theory proverbs shape empty triangle ponnuki tenuki tsumego history classic of arts dunhuang go manual emperor yao four go houses four arts hoensha 9 pin zhi oskar korschelt oshirogo players european players female players nihon ki in hall of fame professional handicaps competition go professional ranks and ratings dan kyū honorary titles jubango tournaments world champions games and matches alphago vs fan hui alphago vs ke jie alphago vs lee sedol atomic bomb game blood vomiting game ear reddening game the game of the century kamakura jubango lee s broken ladder game art and media alphago the divine move the girl who played go the go master the go player go world hikaru no go igo hatsuyōron long ode to watching weiqi the maniac the master of go ranka sensei s library shibumi the surrounding game the weiqi devil computers computer go uec cup engines alphago alphago master alphago zero alphazero crazy stone darkforest fine art gnu go katago leela leela zero zen future of go summit monte carlo tree search smart game format servers kgs go server pandanet tygem organizations american go association australian go association british go association china china qiyuan chinese weiqi association hong kong go association european go federation french federation of go international go federation irish go association japan all japan student go federation kansai ki in nihon ki in korea korea baduk association myongji university mind sports organisation new zealand go society singapore weiqi association taiwan chi yuan culture foundation other benson s algorithm game record kifu go and mathematics variants batoo capture go sygo go portal category authority control databases international viaf national united states other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title igo_hatsuyōron oldid 1342502898 categories go books 1713 in japan 1710s in sports hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing translation from french wikipedia articles containing japanese...