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Text of the page (random words):
עברית bahasa indonesia íslenska 한국어 മലയാളം bahasa melayu polski русский slovenčina svenska தமிழ் українська tiếng việt 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia standardized means of organizing and storing digital images this article is about digital image formats used to store photographic and other images for disk image file formats see disk image for digital file formats in general see file format for introductory information on wikipedia s use of images see wikipedia images image format redirects here for the camera sensor format see image sensor format this article may contain original research please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations statements consisting only of original research should be removed august 2025 learn how and when to remove this message an image file format is a file format for a digital image there are many formats that can be used such as jpeg png and gif most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2d images not 3d ones the data stored in an image file format may be compressed or uncompressed if the data is compressed it may be done so using lossy compression or lossless compression for graphic design applications vector formats are often used some image file formats support transparency raster formats are for 2d images a 3d image can be represented within a 2d format as in a stereogram or autostereogram but this 3d image will not be a true light field and thereby may cause the vergence accommodation conflict image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats so that the data can be displayed on a digital computer display or printed out using a printer a common method for displaying digital image information has historically been rasterization image file sizes edit the size of raster image files is positively correlated with the number of pixels in the image and the color depth bits per pixel images can be compressed in various ways however a compression algorithm stores either an exact representation or an approximation of the original image in a smaller number of bytes that can be expanded back to its uncompressed form with a corresponding decompression algorithm images with the same number of pixels and color depth can have very different compressed file sizes considering exactly the same compression number of pixels and color depth for two images different graphical complexity of the original images may also result in very different file sizes after compression due to the nature of compression algorithms with some compression formats images that are less complex may result in smaller compressed file sizes this characteristic sometimes results in a smaller file size for some lossless formats than lossy formats for example graphically simple images i e images with large continuous regions like line art or animation sequences may be losslessly compressed into a gif or png format and result in a smaller file size than a lossy jpeg format for example a 640 480 pixel image with 24 bit color would occupy almost a megabyte of space 640 480 24 7 372 800 bits 921 600 bytes 900 kib with vector images the file size increases only with the addition of more vectors image file compression edit there are two types of image file compression algorithms lossless and lossy lossless compression algorithms reduce file size while preserving a perfect copy of the original uncompressed image lossless compression generally but not always results in larger files than lossy compression lossless compression should be used to avoid accumulating stages of re compression when editing images lossy compression algorithms preserve a representation of the original uncompressed image that may appear to be a perfect copy but is not a perfect copy often lossy compression is able to achieve smaller file sizes than lossless compression most lossy compression algorithms allow for variable compression that trades image quality for file size major graphic file formats edit see also comparison of graphics file formats technical details and list of file formats graphics categorization of common image file formats by scope imagemap including proprietary types there are hundreds of image file types the png jpeg and gif formats are most often used to display images on the internet some of these graphic formats are listed and briefly described below separated into the two main families of graphics raster and vector raster images are further divided into formats primarily aimed at web delivery i e supporting relatively strong compression versus formats primarily aimed at authoring or interchange uncompressed or only relatively weak compression in addition to straight image formats metafile formats are portable formats that can include both raster and vector information examples are application independent formats such as wmf and emf the metafile format is an intermediate format most applications open metafiles and then save them in their own native format page description language refers to formats used to describe the layout of a printed page containing text objects and images examples are postscript pdf and pcl raster formats 2d edit further information raster graphics delivery formats edit jpeg edit jpeg joint photographic experts group is a lossy compression method jpeg compressed images are usually stored in the jfif jpeg file interchange format or the exif exchangeable image file format file format the jpeg filename extension is jpg or jpeg nearly every digital camera can save images in the jpeg format which supports eight bit grayscale images and 24 bit color images eight bits each for red green and blue jpeg applies lossy compression to images which can result in a significant reduction of the file size applications can determine the degree of compression to apply and the amount of compression affects the visual quality of the result when not too great the compression does not noticeably affect or detract from the image s quality but jpeg files suffer generational degradation when repeatedly edited and saved jpeg also provides lossless image storage but the lossless version is not widely supported gif edit the gif graphics interchange format is in normal use limited to an 8 bit palette or 256 colors while 24 bit color depth is technically possible 1 2 gif is most suitable for storing graphics with few colors such as simple diagrams shapes logos and cartoon style images as it uses lzw lossless compression which is more effective when large areas have a single color and less effective for photographic or dithered images due to gif s simplicity and age it achieved almost universal software support due to its animation capabilities it is still widely used to provide image animation effects despite its low compression ratio compared to modern video formats png edit the png portable network graphics file format was created as a free open source alternative to gif the png file format supports 8 bit 256 colors paletted images with optional transparency for all palette colors and 24 bit truecolor 16 million colors or 48 bit truecolor with and without an alpha channel while gif supports only 8 bit palettes with a single transparent color compared to jpeg png excels when the image has large uniformly colored areas even for photographs where jpeg is often the choice for final distribution since its lossy compression typically yields smaller file sizes png is still well suited to storing images during the editing process because of its lossless compression png provides a patent free replacement for gif though gif is now patent free and can also replace many common uses of tiff indexed color grayscale and truecolor images are supported plus an optional alpha channel the adam7 interlacing allows an early preview even when only a small percentage of the image data has been transmitted useful in online viewing applications like web browsers png can store gamma and chromaticity data as well as icc profiles for accurate color matching on heterogeneous platforms animated formats derived from png are mng and apng which is backwards compatible with png and supported by most browsers jpeg 2000 edit jpeg 2000 is a compression standard enabling both lossless and lossy storage the compression methods used are different from the ones in standard jfif jpeg they improve quality and compression ratios but also require more computational power to process jpeg 2000 also adds features that are missing in jpeg it is not nearly as common as jpeg but it is used currently in professional movie editing and distribution some digital cinemas for example use jpeg 2000 for individual movie frames webp edit webp is an open image format released in 2010 that uses both lossless and lossy compression it was designed by google to reduce image file size to speed up web page loading its principal purpose is to supersede jpeg as the primary format for photographs on the web webp is based on vp8 s intra frame coding and uses a container based on riff in 2011 3 google added an extended file format allowing webp support for animation icc profile xmp and exif metadata and tiling the support for animation allowed for converting older animated gifs to animated webp the webp container i e riff container for webp allows feature support over and above the basic use case of webp i e a file containing a single image encoded as a vp8 key frame the webp container provides additional support for lossless compression an image can be losslessly compressed using the webp lossless format metadata an image may have metadata stored in exif or xmp formats transparency an image may have transparency i e an alpha channel color profile an image may have an embedded icc profile as described by the international color consortium animation an image may have multiple frames with pauses between them making it an animation 4 hdr raster formats edit most typical raster formats cannot store hdr data 32 bit floating point values per pixel component which is why some relatively old or complex formats are still predominant here and worth mentioning separately newer alternatives are showing up though rgbe is the format for hdr images originating from radiance and also supported by adobe photoshop jpeg hdr is a file format from dolby labs similar to rgbe encoding standardized as jpeg xt part 2 jpeg xt part 7 includes support for encoding floating point hdr images in the base 8 bit jpeg file using enhancement layers encoded with four profiles a d profile a is based on the rgbe format and profile b on the xdepth format from trellis management heif edit the high efficiency image file format heif is an image container format that was standardized by mpeg on the basis of the iso base media file format while heif can be used with any image compression format the heif standard specifies the storage of hevc intra coded images and hevc coded image sequences taking advantage of inter picture prediction avif edit avif is an image container that is used to store av1 encoded images it was created by alliance for open media aomedia and is completely open source and royalty free it supports encoding images in 8 10 and 12 bit depth jpeg xl edit jpeg xl is a royalty free raster graphics file format that supports both lossy and lossless compression it supports reversible recompression of existing jpeg files as well as high precision hdr up to 32 bit floating point values per pixel component it is designed to be usable for both delivery and authoring use cases authoring and interchange formats edit tiff edit the tiff tag image file format format is a flexible format usually using either the tiff or tif filename extension the tag structure was designed to be easily extendible and many vendors have introduced proprietary special purpose tags with the result that no one reader handles every flavor of tiff file tiffs can be lossy or lossless depending on the technique chosen for storing the pixel data some offer relatively good lossless compression for bi level black white images some digital cameras can save images in tiff format using the lzw compression algorithm for lossless storage tiff image format is not widely supported by web browsers but it remains widely accepted as a photograph file standard in the printing business tiff can handle device specific color spaces such as the cmyk defined by a particular set of printing press inks ocr optical character recognition software packages commonly generate some form of tiff image often monochromatic for scanned text pages bmp edit the bmp file format windows bitmap is a raster based device independent file type designed in the early days of computer graphics it handles graphic files within the microsoft windows os typically bmp files are uncompressed and therefore large and lossless their advantage is their simple structure and wide acceptance in windows programs ppm pgm pbm and pnm edit netpbm format is a family including the portable pixmap file format ppm the portable graymap file format pgm and the portable bitmap file format pbm these are either pure ascii files or raw binary files with an ascii header that provide very basic functionality and serve as a lowest common denominator for converting pixmap graymap or bitmap files between different platforms several applications refer to them collectively as pnm portable any map container formats of raster graphics editors edit these image formats contain various images layers and objects out of which the final image is to be composed by raster graphics editors afphoto affinity photo document cd5 chasys draw image clip clip studio paint cpt corel photo paint kra krita mdp medibang and firealpaca 5 pdn paint dot net pld photoline document psd adobe photoshop document psp corel paint shop pro sai paint tool sai xcf experimental computing facility format native gimp format other raster formats edit bpg better portable graphics an image format from 2014 its purpose is to replace jpeg when quality or file size is an issue to that end it features a high data compression ratio based on a subset of the hevc video compression standard including lossless compression in addition it supports various meta data such as exif deep iff style format used by tvpaint drw drawn file ecw enhanced compression wavelet fits flexible image transport system flif free lossless image format a discontinued lossless image format which claims to outperform png lossless webp lossless bpg and lossless jpeg 2000 in terms of compression ratio it uses the maniac meta adaptive near zero integer arithmetic coding entropy encoding algorithm a v...