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o saw only his own needs and problems and could not observe the larger picture of the war as the japanese had to 136 the ina failed owing to disrupted logistics poor supplies from the japanese and lack of training 137 the azad hind fauj surrendered unconditionally to the british in singapore in 1945 subhas chandra bose s death occurred from third degree burns on 18 august 1945 after his overloaded japanese plane crashed in japanese ruled formosa now taiwan trials against members of the ina began in late 1945 and included the infamous joint court martial of key figures shah nawaz khan and prem sahgal several congress members including tej bahadur sapru aruna asaf ali and jawaharlal nehru played a significant role in getting ina members released 138 hmis hindustan at bombay harbour after the war was occupied by mutineers during the royal indian navy mutiny the royal indian navy mutiny was a failed insurrection which encompassed a total strike and subsequent mutiny by indian sailors of the royal indian navy on board ship and shore establishments at bombay mumbai harbour on 18 february 1946 from the initial flashpoint in bombay the mutiny spread and found support throughout british india from karachi to calcutta and ultimately came to involve 78 ships 20 shore establishments and 10 000 sailors 139 140 the agitations mass strikes demonstrations and consequently support for the mutineers therefore continued several days even after the mutiny had been called off along with this the assessment may be made that it described in crystal clear terms to the government that the british indian armed forces could no longer be universally relied upon for crisis support and it was more likely itself to be the source of the sparks that would ignite trouble in a country fast slipping out of the scenario of political settlement 141 the mutiny ended with the surrender of the revolting sailors to the british officials congress and the muslim league had convinced indian sailors to surrender they condemned the mutiny due to the political and military risks of unrest sovereignty and partition of india edit main articles history of india 1947 present partition of india and pakistan movement on 3 june 1947 viscount louis mountbatten the last british governor general of india announced the partitioning of british india into india and pakistan with the speedy passage of the indian independence act 1947 at 11 57 on 14 august 1947 pakistan was declared a separate nation then at 12 02 a m on 15 august 1947 india became a sovereign and democratic nation eventually 15 august became independence day for india marking the end of british india also on 15 august both pakistan and india had the right to remain in or remove themselves from the british commonwealth violent clashes between hindus sikhs and muslims followed prime minister jawaharlal nehru and deputy prime minister vallabhbhai patel had invited mountbatten to continue as governor general of india during the period of transition he was replaced in june 1948 by rajagopalachari in may 1947 nehru declared that any princely state which refused to join the constituent assembly would be treated as an enemy state patel took on the responsibility for bringing princely states into the union of india steering efforts by his iron fist in a velvet glove policies india used military force to integrate junagadh hyderabad state operation polo and kashmir instrument of accession to india 142 the hindustan times reporting on indian independence the constituent assembly headed by the prominent lawyer reformer and dalit leader b r ambedkar was tasked with heading the creation of the constitution of independent india the constituent assembly completed the work of drafting the constitution on 26 november 1949 on 26 january 1950 the republic of india was officially proclaimed the constituent assembly elected rajendra prasad was the first president of india taking over from governor general rajgopalachari subsequently the french ceded chandernagore in 1951 and pondichéry and its remaining indian colonies by 1954 indian troops annexed goa and portugal s other indian enclaves in 1961 and sikkim voted to join the indian union in 1975 after the indian victory over china in nathu la and cho la following self rule in 1947 india remained in the commonwealth of nations and relations between the uk and india have since become friendly there are many areas in which the two countries seek stronger ties for mutual benefit and the two nations also have strong cultural and social ties the uk has an ethnic indian population of over 1 6 million in 2010 prime minister david cameron described indian british relations as a new special relationship 143 see also edit women of the indian independence movement k l nursey album notes edit the english colonial empire including the territories and trading posts in asia came under british control following the union of england and scotland in 1707 references edit citations 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