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Text of the page (random words):
ages deutsch igbo edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia handshape sign for finger spelling in the sign language in sign language an initialized sign is one that is produced with a handshape s that corresponds to the fingerspelling of its equivalent in the locally dominant oral language based on the respective manual alphabet representing that oral language s orthography the handshape s of these signs then represent the initial letter of their written equivalent s in some cases this is due to the local oral language having more than one equivalent to a basic sign for example in asl the signs for class and family are the same a basic sign for group of people except that class is signed with a c handshape and family with an f handshape in other cases initialization is required for disambiguation though the signs are not semantically related for example in asl water is signed with a w handshape touching the mouth while dentist is similar apart from using a d handshape in other cases initialization is not used for disambiguation the asl sign for elevator for example is an e handshape moving up and down along the upright index finger of the other hand the large number of initialized signs in asl and french sign language is partly a legacy of abbé de l épée s system of methodical sign les signes méthodiques in which the handshapes of most signs were changed to correspond to the initial letter of their translation in the local oral language and in the case of asl partly a more recent influence of manually coded english 1 use in sign languages edit sign languages make use of initialized signs to different degrees some such as taiwanese sign language and hong kong sign language have none at all as they have no manual alphabets and thus no fingerspelling in japanese sign language there are kana based initialized signs that contain only the first mora of the equivalent japanese word for example the sign for feeling in jsl incorporates the kana character ki of japanese manual syllabary as in japanese ki mochi 気持ち however only signs following the phonological constraints are accepted by native signers 2 in asl initialized signs are typically considered hearing signs used in schools to help students acquire english though some such as water above are thoroughly assimilated in mexican sign language however initialized signs are much more numerous and are more fully integrated into the language 3 this is also the case with nepali sign language and are perhaps one of the most noticeable structural differences between the lexicon of nepali sign language and that of neighboring indo pakistani sign language which perhaps in part due to its two handed manual alphabet has significantly far fewer initialized signs but a fair number of sequential initializations i e compound signs composed of the initial letter of the word either preceding or following a sign e g c boss captain in ipsl 4 see also edit mouthing acronym references edit supalla 1992 the book of name signs p 32 baba h matsuoka k 2023 phonological contact in kana based signs in japanese sign language a preliminary study senri ethnological studies 101 karla faurot dianne dellinger andy eatough steve parkhurst 1992 revised 1998 and 2001 the identity of mexican sign as a language summer institute of linguistics mw morgan 2012 through and beyond the lexicon a semiotic look at nepal sign language affiliation paper given at himalayan languages symposium varanasi india on 11 september 2012 v t e sign language list of sign languages list by number of signers language families a sign languages by family australian aboriginal multiple families c diyari djingili eltye eltyarrenke iltyeme iltyeme jaralde kalkutungu miriwoong mudburra pitha pitha rdaka rdaka umpila far north queensland warlmanpa warluwara warramunga worora kinship yan nhaŋu yir yoront yolŋu western desert kartutjarra manjiljarra ngaatjatjarra zendath kesign meriam western torres strait islander arab ishaaric egyptian kuwaiti libyan qatari unified yemeni iraqi levantine iraqi levantine jordanian lebanese palestinian syrian possible emirati saudi omani chinese sign chinese csl zgs shanghai hong kong hksl macau chilean paraguayan uruguayan sign chilean lsch paraguayan uruguayan sign paraguay lspy uruguay lsu francosign algerian lsa swiss german dsgs estonian eesti viipekeel irish isl australian irish brazilian libras lithuanian catalan lsc valencian lsv french lsf old french c romanian lsr american aslic american asl black asl basl protactile bolivian burmese yangon mandalay cambodian costa rican dominican guyanese jamaican malaysian bim panamanian filipino fsl puerto rican prsl singapore sgsl indonesian nusantaric indonesian bisindo jakarta yogyakarta francophone african françafrosign ethiopian chadian ghanaian guinean bamako lasima moroccan nigerian sierra leonean mixed hand talk oneida osl mixed hoailona ʻōlelo creole hawaiʻi sign language chsl mixed french lsf greek ενγ eng cypriot κνγ kng quebec lsq austro hungarian czech čzj hungarian magyar jelnyev austrian ögs slovak spj ukrainian ужм usl russian sign azerbaijani ai̇d bulgarian бже georgian kazakh russian ksl krsl latvian lsl mongolian russian ржя yugoslavic sign croatian hzj kosovar serbian slovenian yugoslav ysl dutch sign dutch ngt gambian italian sign italian lis tunisian tsl mexican sign mexican lsm honduran lesho old belgian flemish vgt french belgian lsfb danish tegnic malagasy icelandic táknmál norwegian tegnspråk danish tegnsprog faroese teknmál viet thai hai phong hanoi ho chi minh thai tsl mstsl hand talk great basin northeast plains sign talk southeast southwest mixed american asl oneida osl plateau a aninin kalispel ktunaxa ʾa qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam nesilextcl n shuswap secwepemcékst sqeliz indo pakistani sign bangalore madras beluchistan bengali bombay calcutta delhi nepali north west frontier province punjab sindh japanese sign japanese jsl nihon shuwa korean ksl hanguk sueo taiwanese tsl taiwan shouyu kentish c old kentish chilmark martha s vineyard mvsl maya meemul tziij meemul ch aab al highland maya yucatec chicán nohkop nohya trascorral cepeda peraza nw eurosign banzsl auslan papua new guinean pngsl british bsl northern ireland nisl fijian fsl maritime msl new zealand nzsl samoan south african sasl swedish sign eritrean erisl finland swedish finssl portuguese lgp cape verdian lgc são tomé and príncipean lgstp swedish teckenspråk finnish viittomakieli german sign german dgs polish pjm israeli shassi original thai sign chiangmai hai phong old bangkok paget gorman namibian nsl providencia cayman sign providence island provisle old cayman guyanese isolates afghan akure aksl al sayyid bedouin absl albanian albsl albarradas sign language alipur argentine lsa armenian caucasian harsneren c bay islands belizean berbey bhutanese bouakako lasibo bribri brunca bura carhuahuaran cena central taurus ctsl oti̇d chatino chiriqui cuban lsc dogon douentza ecuadorian lsec enga ghandruk ghardaia ajsl guatemalan lensegua guinea bissau henniker c hausa hsl magannar hannu hawaiʻi hoailona ʻōlelo creole hsl ibokun ibsl inuit inuit uukturausingit iur greenlandic ussersuataarneq jhankot jumla ka apor kajana kafr qasim kailge kata kolok kenyan ksl lak somali ssl keresan pueblo kpisl keresign kisindo jamaican country ks konchri sain macedonian magajin gari mgsl malawian maltese lsm mardin maroua maunabudhuk bodhe mauritian msl m bour mehek miyakubo shuwa burkina mossi mount avejaha mozambican naga navajo diné family nicaraguan isn north korean nksl joseon suhwa old costa rican orocovis lsor ottoman seraglio harem ban khor pasa kidd penang persian esharani peruvian lsp inmaculada qahveh khaneh rennellese c rossel island rwandan akr amr sandy river valley c salvadoran lessa sawmill sinasina sssl sivia south rupununi spanish lse tebul terena tibetan bökyi lagda trinidad and tobago ttsl turkish ti̇d ugandan usl venezuelan lsv vsl wanib west african adamorobe adasl mumu kasa bura burasl mofu gudur nanabin nanabinsl yoruban ysl zambian zsl other groupings amami shuwa languages ethiopian languages laotian languages rwandan languages sri lankan languages sudanese languages 150 b tanzanian languages 7 b zimsign languages international sign village languages by region a sign languages by region africa algeria algerian ghardaia cameroon maroua cape verde cape verdian lgc ghana adamorobe adasl mumu kasa nanabin ivory coast bouakako lasibo kenya kenyan malawi malawian mali bamako lasima berbey tebul mozambique mozambican nigeria akure aksl bura hausa magannar hannu ibokun ibsl magajin gari mgsl rwanda rwandan amarenga são tomé and príncipe são tomé and príncipean lgstp senegal mbour somalia somaliland djibouti somali south africa south african tanzania tanzanian uganda ugandan zambia zambian asia bengal bengali cambodia cambodian china chinese hong kong hong kong hksl india alipur bengali indo pakistani naga indonesia indonesian kata kolok benkala balinese iran iranian esharani qahveh khaneh iraq iraqi kurdish israel al sayyid bedouin ghardaia israeli kafr qasem japan japanese koniya miyakubo korea north korean south korean kazakhstan kazakh russian laos laotian malaysia malaysian penang selangor maldives maldives mongolia mongolian nepal ghandruk jhankot jumla maunabudhuk bodhe nepalese philippines filipino saudi arabia saudi singapore singapore sri lanka sri lankan taiwan taiwanese tajikistan russian tibet tibetan bökyi lagda thailand old bangkok chiangmai thai ban khor pasa kidd vietnam vietnamese europe armenia armenian austria austrian azerbaijan azerbaijani belgium flemish french belgian united kingdom british croatia croatian denmark danish faroese teknmál estonia estonian finland finnish france ghardaia french lyons georgia georgian germany german greece greek hungary hungarian iceland icelandic ireland irish italy italian kosovo yugoslav kosovar latvia latvian lithuania lithuanian moldova russian netherlands dutch north macedonia macedonian northern ireland northern ireland norway norwegian poland polish portugal portuguese russia russian slovenia slovenian spain catalan spanish valencian sweden swedish switzerland swiss german turkey central taurus ctsl oti̇d mardin turkish ukraine ukrainian north and central america belize belizean canada american asl black asl protactile hand talk oneida osl plateau inuit iur maritime msl sawmill quebec cayman old cayman costa rica bribri brunca old costa rican new costa rican cuba cuban greenland greenlandic ussersuataarneq guatemala guatemalan mayan haiti haitian honduras bay islands honduran mexico albarradas chatino mayan mexican nicaragua nicaraguan panama chiriqui panamanian puerto rico usa american asl puerto rican orocovis el salvador salvadoran lesso old salvadoran united states american asl black asl protactile hand talk oneida osl plateau henniker keresan keresign martha s vineyard navajo family sandy river valley sawmill oceania australia akitiri eltye eltyarrenke arrernte iltyeme iltyeme auslan australian irish manjiljarra mudbura mudburra ngada umpila far north queensland warlmanpa warlpiri rdaka rdaka warumungu warramunga western desert western torres strait islander yir yoront yolŋu hawaii usa hawaiʻan haoilona ʻōlelo new zealand new zealand nzsl papua new guinea enga kailge mehek mount avejaha papua new guinean pngsl rossel island sinasina wanib samoa and american samoa samoan south america argentina argentine lsa bolivia bolivian brazil brazilian libras cena ka apor south rupununi terena chile chilean colombia colombian provisle ecuador ecuadorian guyana guyanese south rupununi paraguay paraguayan peru carhuahuaran inmaculada peruvian sivia suriname kajana uruguay uruguayan venezuela venezuelan international international sign makaton monastic signalong asl grammar idioms literature profanity name signs extinct languages chilmark diyari jaralde kalkutungu henniker sign language martha s vineyard old french old kent plateau sign language pitha pitha sandy river valley sign language warluwara linguistics grammar asl bimodal bilingualism phonology asl handshape location orientation movement expression mouthing nonmanual feature sign names home sign fingerspelling american british two handed catalan chilean esperanto french german hungarian irish japanese korean polish russian serbo croatian spanish ukrainian portuguese writing asl phabet hamburg notation system stokoe notation signwriting si5s aslwrite language contact contact sign initialized sign mouthing signed oral languages indian signing system manually coded english manually coded language in south africa manually coded malay paget gorman sign system signed dutch signed french signed german signed italian signed japanese signed polish signed spanish signing exact english signed swedish others bilingual bicultural education manually coded language media films list television shows list persons jabbar baghtcheban jeanette berglind pär aron borg thomas braidwood laurent clerc abbé de l épée roger fouts valerie sutton thomas gallaudet abbé sicard william stokoe pierre pélissier organisations association of visual language interpreters of canada international center on deafness and the arts theater of mimicry and gesture world association of sign language interpreters miscellaneous baby sign chci chimpanzee center washoe loulis open outcry legal recognition u s army hand and arm signals monastic sign languages tactile signing protactile tic tac a sign language names reflect the region of origin natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region for example french sign language originated in france but is not related to french conversely asl and bsl both originated in english speaking countries but are not related to each other asl however is related to french sign language b denotes the number if known of languages within the family no further information is given on these languages c italics indicate extinct languages retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title initialized_sign oldid 1330598672 categories linguistic morphology sign language hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles containing japanese language text this page was last edited on 1 january 2026 at 11 12 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about 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