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nguages español français 日本語 한국어 português svenska edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia walk issued by a pitcher to avoid the potential for the batter to get a hit a catcher for the mexican league s rojos del águila de veracruz uses his glove to signal the pitcher for an intentional walk in baseball an intentional base on balls usually referred to as an intentional walk and denoted in baseball scorekeeping by ibb is a walk issued to a batter by a pitcher with the intent of removing the batter s opportunity to swing at the pitched ball a pitch that is intentionally thrown far outside the strike zone for this purpose is referred to as an intentional ball beginning with the 2017 season major league baseball 1 has removed the requirement to throw four intentional balls in mlb and in amateur baseball such as high school and college games and in most levels of little league baseball the manager of the team on the field now simply asks the plate umpire to let the batter go to first base 2 however beginning in 2023 little league restricted the procedure to once per game to a single batter if a batter is to be intentionally walked a second time four intentional balls must be thrown strategy edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed august 2021 learn how and when to remove this message the purpose of an intentional walk is to bypass the current batter in order to face the following batter whom the defensive team expects to be easier to put out the risk to the fielding team issuing an intentional walk is that they turn the batter into a baserunner which runs counter to the fielding team s objective of making outs situations that may call for an intentional walk include the following with one out and a runner on second or third base converting a powerful batter to a runner on first base means that a subsequent ground ball may become a double play that ends the scoring threat with a runner on second this move lets fielders put the lead runner out using a force play rather than the more difficult tag play in the bottom of the ninth or an extra inning having a runner on first base might not affect the outcome of the game at all for example if the game is tied and there is a runner on third base the game is over if that runner scores the benefit of an intentional walk is as set out above and in this case the risk is minimal prior to the adoption of the designated hitter rule if the designated hitter has been discontinued because of substitution rules or if a defensive replacement has been inserted into the game late if there were a runner on base the defense might walk a hitter to instead pitch to the next player if he is an opposing pitcher or a defensive replacement late in a game this would give the offensive manager a dilemma the manager could pinch hit for the pitcher to capitalize on the offensive threat but at the cost of removing the pitcher or defensive replacement from the game the intentional walk disfavors a team that has one batter who is much better than the others as it often lets opponents take the bat out of his hands and opt to pitch to the next batter rules and scoring edit an intentional base on balls whether achieved through intentional balls or through declaration has the effect of any other base on balls the batter is entitled to take first base without being put out any runner already on first base is awarded second base and so on if the bases are loaded an intentional base on balls results in the scoring of a run statistically receiving an intentional base on balls does not count as an official at bat for a batter but does count as a plate appearance and a base on balls an intentional ball is counted as a ball in the count of the pitcher s balls and strikes thrown semi intentional walk edit even in leagues where a team can walk a batter by declaration the pitcher may be instructed to pitch around the batter the manager defers the decision to intentionally walk the pitcher to see whether the batter swings at bad pitches if the count goes to three balls where the pitcher would have to deliver an attractive pitch to hit the manager elects the intentional base on balls a base on balls counts as an intentional base on balls if and only if the final pitch thrown in the plate appearance is an intentional ball for example on august 17 2004 following an unintentional ball called strike and unintentional ball barry bonds was walked with two intentional balls on his third plate appearance this was scored an intentional walk 3 technique edit in leagues where a pitcher must throw balls to issue an intentional walk the catcher signals the intent to walk the batter by standing up in the catcher s box and extending one arm straight to the side away from the batter the pitcher then throws the ball usually over the opposite batter s box and the catcher usually has to step to the side to catch the ball this process is repeated four times or fewer if the decision to issue an intentional walk is made when there are already one or more balls already on the count pitching an intentional ball like a point after touchdown in football and a free throw in basketball is designed not to be automatic the rules on pitcher catcher and batter positioning at the time of the pitch still apply and a pitcher could potentially balk or throw a wild pitch or a passed ball the batter can swing at an intentional ball but cannot leave the batter s box to follow the pitch swinging is rarely to the batter s advantage unless it could yield a better result than the batter reaching first base an example of such a situation would be if there was a runner on second or third base that would not be forced to advance on an intentional walk but could advance or even score on a base hit sacrifice fly or fielding error in the major leagues there were at least 12 cases from 1900 through 2011 of a batter making contact with an intentional ball in 9 of these cases the batter reached first base safely six by hits one by fielder s choice and two by errors the batter s team won in all nine of those instances 4 most recently on september 10 2016 the tampa bay rays opted to walk gary sanchez of the hosting new york yankees he drove an intentional ball to left field for a sacrifice fly 5 history edit photo showing pre 1920 catcher s lines before the 1920 season the catcher was allowed to set up anywhere within a roughly 14 by 20 foot 4 3 by 6 1 m right triangle behind home plate the back line being 10 feet 3 0 m behind the plate the catcher could stand at a corner of this triangle to receive the four wide pitches too far away for the batter to have any chance at hitting the ball as the intentional walk became more frequent following the end of the dead ball era batters such as babe ruth complained about the unfairness of it to give the batter a better chance and to potentially increase scoring and attendance major league baseball team owners at the annual rules meeting in chicago on february 9 1920 initially attempted to ban the intentional base on balls by instituting a penalty that an intentional ball be counted as a balk which would award each runner the next base veteran nl umpire hank o day argued successfully against the proposal and the owners succeeded only in mandating that the catcher must stand with both feet within the lines of the catcher s box until the ball leaves the pitcher s hand a rule still in force today the newly redrawn catcher s box reduced the back line from 10 to 8 feet 3 0 to 2 4 m behind the plate and with sides 3 1 2 feet 42 in 1 1 m apart intentional walks have been an officially tracked statistic only since 1955 prior to the 2017 season as part of major league baseball s efforts to improve the pace of play the rules were amended to allow a manager to order an intentional walk by simply signaling the umpire 2 in 2023 little league 6 made a rule change rule 6 08 2 a restricting the number of intentional walks on a batter by informing the umpire to one per game if a batter is to be intentionally walked a second time the catcher must give the signal and four intentional balls must be pitched 7 records and notable occurrences edit see also list of major league baseball career intentional bases on balls leaders barry bonds holds most of the records for intentional walks including four in a nine inning game 2004 120 in a season 2004 8 668 in his career more than the next two players on the all time list albert pujols 309 and hank aaron 293 combined 9 and 21 in the postseason 10 bonds a prolific home run hitter was a common target for the intentional walk in the first month of the 2004 baseball season bonds drew 43 walks 22 of them intentional he broke his previous record of 68 intentional walks set in 2002 on july 10 2004 in his last appearance before the all star break there are claims that mel ott was also intentionally walked four times in a game against the phillies in 1929 see below hideki matsui drew five consecutive intentional walks in a game in japanese high school baseball championship at koshien stadium in 1992 and became a nationwide topic of conversation 11 with the bases loaded edit with the bases loaded an intentional base on balls forces in a run this might be advisable if a team with a lead of two to four runs elects to concede one run of its lead so as not to have to pitch to a batter who might hit a home run to tie the game or take the lead the following table shows each batter who has gotten this treatment in the history of major league baseball cases before 1955 are researched from newspaper reports which may be subjective 12 13 date batter score at time of the walk final score score sheet notes 1881 08 02 abner dalrymple 0 5 chicago 2 11 chicago team using the strategy did not go on to win the game case neglected by historians until 2007 12 1901 05 23 nap lajoie 11 7 chicago 11 9 chicago there were no outs only right handed hitter ever intentionally walked with the bases loaded 1928 05 02 del bissonette 2 0 new york 2 1 new york it is not clear whether he was simply pitched around the contemporary press only states that bissonette was treated with extreme care and finally drew a base on balls 14 1929 10 05 mel ott 3 11 new york 3 12 new york details below 1944 07 23 bill nicholson 10 7 new york 12 10 new york 1998 05 28 barry bonds 8 6 arizona 8 7 arizona 2008 08 17 josh hamilton 7 3 tampa bay 7 4 tampa bay 2022 04 15 corey seager 2 3 texas 9 6 los angeles citation not found first time team using strategy when trailing went on to win game the mel ott case which is not included in the baseball almanac list was not a result of in game strategy on october 5 1929 in the first game of a giants phillies doubleheader chuck klein took the lead for the season home run title box score the phillies manager told the pitcher to pitch around ott so he wouldn t challenge klein for the title in the top of the ninth inning of the second game the bases were full and the giants were already well ahead of the phillies the sign came from the bench to walk ott when the count got to 3 0 ott swung at two wide ones but then accepted ball four and a run was forced in 15 a disputed anecdote 16 says that in 1926 the cleveland indians elected to walk babe ruth with the bases loaded this angered ruth he swung anyway and the result of the time at bat was a strikeout this may refer to the game on july 10 in which cleveland pitcher joe shaute purposely walked ruth three times ruth was also called out once for stepping out of the batter s box contemporary newspaper accounts give no indication that ruth was walked with the bases full in that game slang edit the intentional base on balls is often referred to as a four fingered salute this reference stems from the manager s holding up four fingers to signal an intentional walk to the pitcher or catcher it is a salute to the batter that the manager admits to wanting to pitch to someone else instead see also edit pitchout references edit 2017 major league baseball team statistics retrieved 2024 11 22 1 2 rafferty scott february 22 2017 major league baseball eliminates one of its most annoying rules rolling stone retrieved 2017 04 11 montreal expos at san francisco giants box score august 17 2004 deane bill spring 2011 surprise swings at intentional balls society for american baseball research retrieved july 4 2015 you can try to intentionally walk gary sanchez but he ll just hit an almost homer anyway mlb major league baseball 2016 09 10 retrieved 2026 09 24 full guide to the 2023 little league world series august 14 2023 1 2023 little league rulebook significant updates little league retrieved 2024 05 10 single season leaders records for intentional bases on balls baseball reference retrieved 2009 11 08 career leaders records for intentional bases on balls baseball reference retrieved 2018 07 14 postseason batting event finder from 1903 to 2017 all teams intentional walks baseball reference retrieved july 14 2018 ja 松井秀喜5打席連続敬遠 1 2 intentional bases on balls records by baseball almanac baseball almanac com retrieved 2014 06 20 holtzman jerome may 2000 free pass players who were intentionally walked with bases loaded vol 59 no 5 baseball digest archived from the original on april 19 2008 retrieved 2009 11 08 holmes thomas 3 may 1928 robins will have plenty to worry them on western trip brooklyn daily eagle brooklyn p 28 retrieved 25 april 2020 via newspapers com philadelphia inquirer october 6 1929 intentionally walked with the bases loaded baseball fever 27 may 2006 retrieved 2017 05 30 v t e baseball and softball concepts outline glossary baseball rules cheating comparison of baseball and softball fastpitch softball 16 inch softball ejections ground rules infield fly rule in flight interference pitch clock protested game strike zone suspended game unwritten rules ballpark field backstop baseball diamond batter s box batter s eye bullpen dugout foul pole foul territory infield on deck circle outfield warning track equipment ball baseball rubbing mud bat batting cage batting glove batting helmet cap doughnut glove defense pitching machine protective cup shin guard stirrups uniform uniform number game process batting order challenges ball strike check swing innings extra innings out positions run pace of play batting at bat baltimore chop bat flip batted ball batting count batting out of order bunt sacrifice bunt squeeze play charging the mound checked swing cleanup hitter contact hitter designated hitter double double switc...