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internal iliac artery wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 structure toggle structure subsection 1 1 course 1 2 branches 1 3 anastomoses 1 4 fetal structure 1 5 variation 1 5 1 common branching variations 2 collateral circulation 3 additional images 4 see also 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents internal iliac artery 20 languages العربية azərbaycanca bosanski deutsch español فارسی français עברית italiano 日本語 한국어 کٲشُر latina nederlands polski português русский اردو tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia main artery of the pelvis blood vessel internal iliac artery front of abdomen showing surface markings for arteries and inguinal canal details source common iliac artery branches iliolumbar artery lateral sacral artery superior gluteal artery inferior gluteal artery middle rectal artery uterine artery obturator artery inferior vesical artery superior vesical artery obliterated umbilical artery internal pudendal artery vaginal artery vein internal iliac vein identifiers latin arteria iliaca interna mesh d007083 ta98 a12 2 15 001 ta2 4302 fma 18808 anatomical terminology edit on wikidata the internal iliac artery formerly known as the hypogastric artery is the main artery of the pelvis structure edit the internal iliac artery supplies the walls and viscera of the pelvis the buttock the reproductive organs and the medial compartment of the thigh the vesicular branches of the internal iliac arteries supply the bladder 1 it is a short thick vessel smaller than the external iliac artery and about 3 to 4 cm in length course edit the internal iliac artery arises at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery opposite the lumbosacral articulation and passing downward to the upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen divides into two large trunks an anterior and a posterior citation needed it is posterior to the ureter 2 anterior to the internal iliac vein 2 anterior to the lumbosacral trunk and anterior to the piriformis muscle near its origin it is medial to the external iliac vein which lies between it and the psoas major muscle it is above the obturator nerve citation needed branches edit the arrangement of branches of the internal iliac artery is extremely variable 3 typically the artery divides into an anterior division and a posterior division with the posterior division giving rise to the superior gluteal iliolumbar and lateral sacral arteries the rest usually arise from the anterior division because it is variable an artery may not be a direct branch but instead might arise off a direct branch in recent years the development of techniques like prostate artery embolisation and angiografy led to an increased understanding of the prostate vascularisation regarding the arterial supply m de assis et al has suggested an anatomic classification for the origin of the inferior vesical artery 4 the following are the branches of internal iliac artery division type branch sub branches to through anterior vesical superior vesical artery 2 usually from the umbilical artery 5 sometimes middle vesicular upper urinary bladder and ureters 2 umbilical artery 2 artery to vas deferens male and superior vesical artery usually but sometimes it branches directly from anterior trunk medial umbilical ligament 2 inferior vesical artery male 2 lower urinary bladder and ureters 2 visceral middle rectal artery 2 lower rectum 2 vaginal artery female 2 the artery usually takes the place of the inferior vesical artery present in the male vagina 2 uterine artery female 2 vaginal branch uterus and cervix 2 parietal obturator artery 2 occasionally from the inferior epigastric artery obturator canal 2 internal pudendal artery 2 many branches see article for details greater sciatic foramen and lesser sciatic foramen to perineum 2 inferior gluteal artery 2 greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis muscle and gluteus maximus muscle 2 posterior parietal iliolumbar artery 2 lumbar and iliac branches psoas major muscle quadratus lumborum muscle iliacus muscle citation needed lateral sacral artery 2 superior and inferior branches anterior sacral foramina citation needed superior gluteal artery 2 gluteus maximus muscle 2 anastomoses edit in individuals who are biological females the ovarian artery a branch of the abdominal aorta and uterine arteries form anastomoses 6 right distal from spectator internal iliac artery and branches except for iliolumbar artery umbilical artery uterine artery deferential artery and vaginal artery inferior vesical artery fetal structure edit in the fetus the internal iliac artery is twice as large as the external iliac and is the direct continuation of the common iliac it ascends along the side of the bladder and runs upward on the back of the anterior wall of the abdomen to the umbilicus converging toward its fellow of the opposite side citation needed having passed through the umbilical opening the two arteries now termed umbilical enter the umbilical cord where they coil around the umbilical vein and ultimately ramify in the placenta citation needed at birth when the placental circulation ceases the pelvic portion only of the umbilical artery remains patent gives rise to the superior vesical artery or arteries of the adult the remainder of the vessel is converted into a solid fibrous cord the medial umbilical ligament otherwise known as the obliterated hypogastric artery which extends from the pelvis to the umbilicus citation needed variation edit in two thirds of a large number of cases the length of the internal iliac varied between 2 25 and 3 4 cm in the remaining third it was more frequently longer than shorter the maximum length being about 7 cm the minimum about 1 cm citation needed the lengths of the common iliac and internal iliac arteries bear an inverse proportion to each other the internal iliac artery being long when the common iliac is short and vice versa the place of division of the internal iliac artery varies between the upper margin of the sacrum and the upper border of the greater sciatic foramen the right and left hypogastric arteries in a series of cases often differed in length but neither seemed constantly to exceed the other citation needed common branching variations edit the typical example 7 collateral circulation edit the circulation after ligature of the internal iliac artery is carried on by the anastomoses of 8 the iliolumbar artery from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery with the last lumbar artery from the aorta the iliolumbar artery from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery with the superficial circumflex iliac artery from the femoral the lateral sacral arteries from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery with the median sacral artery from the aorta the superior gluteal artery from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery with the superficial circumflex iliac artery from the femoral the inferior gluteal artery from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery with the profunda femoris artery from the femoral the obturator artery from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery with the inferior epigastric artery from the external iliac artery the obturator artery from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery with the medial circumflex femoral artery from the profunda femoris artery the middle rectal artery from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery and the superior rectal artery a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery the uterine arteries from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery and the ovarian arteries from the aorta additional images edit volume rendered ct scan of abdominal and pelvic blood vessels bifurcation of the aorta and the right iliac arteries side view dissection of side wall of pelvis showing sacral and pudendal plexuses sacral plexus of the right side posterior view of the anterior abdominal wall in its lower half the peritoneum is in place and the various cords are shining through posterior abdominal wall after removal of the peritoneum showing kidneys suprarenal capsules and great vessels the arteries of the internal organs of generation of the female seen from behind male hypogastric artery female hypogastric artery lumbar and sacral plexus deep dissection anterior view lumbar and sacral plexus deep dissection anterior view lumbar and sacral plexus deep dissection anterior view pelvic contents male superior view deep dissection hypogastric vessels internal iliac arteries lumbar and sacral plexus deep dissection anterior view see also edit external iliac artery internal iliac vein references edit this article incorporates text in the public domain from page 614 of the 20th edition of gray s anatomy 1918 kaplan qbook usmle step 1 5th edition page 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 paterson brown sara 2010 01 01 chapter five applied anatomy in bennett phillip williamson catherine eds basic science in obstetrics and gynaecology fourth edition churchill livingstone pp 57 95 isbn 978 0 443 10281 3 retrieved 2021 01 13 tunstall r 2016 05 06 internal iliac arteries in tubbs rs shoja mm loukas m eds bergman s comprehensive encyclopedia of human anatomic variation wiley p 1456 doi 10 1002 9781118430309 isbn 978 1 118 43035 4 de assis andré moreira moreira airton mota de paula rodrigues vanessa cristina harward sardis honoria antunes alberto azoubel srougi miguel carnevale francisco cesar august 2015 pelvic arterial anatomy relevant to prostatic artery embolisation and proposal for angiographic classification cardiovascular and interventional radiology 38 4 855 861 doi 10 1007 s00270 015 1114 3 issn 0174 1551 pmid 25962991 s2cid 9680972 drake richard l wayne vogl adam w m mitchell 2020 gray s anatomy for students 4th ed philadelphia p 490 isbn 978 0 323 39304 1 oclc 1085137919 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link uterine artery and ovarian artery anatomy retrieved 2022 11 30 essential clinical anatomy k l moore a m agur lippincott 2 ed 2002 page 224 arisudhan anantharachagan sarris i and ugwumadu a 2011 revision notes for the mrcog part 1 oxford oxford university press 07 01 pages 90 91 external links edit anatomy photo 44 10 0100 suny downstate medical center archived from the original on march 3 2016 radiology image pelvis 15pelart radiology atlas at suny downstate medical center archived from the original on march 3 2016 need to enable java cross section image pelvis pelvis e12 2 plastination laboratory at the medical university of vienna illustration at wiseowl com at the wayback machine archived 2006 05 18 variation in origin of the parietal branches of internal iliac artery based on a study of 169 specimens 108 males and 61 females at anatomyatlases org medical mnemonics com 1169 801 3160 pelvis at the anatomy lesson by wesley norman georgetown university pelvicarteries v t e arteries of the abdomen and pelvis abdominal aorta inferior phrenic superior suprarenal celiac left gastric esophageal branches common hepatic proper hepatic cystic right gastric gastroduodenal right gastroepiploic superior pancreaticoduodenal supraduodenal splenic pancreatic branches greater dorsal short gastrics left gastroepiploic superior mesenteric inferior pancreaticoduodenal intestinal jejunal ileal arcades vasa recta ileocolic colic anterior cecal posterior cecal ileal branch appendicular right colic middle colic marginal suprarenal middle suprarenal renal inferior suprarenal ureteral gonadal testicular artery ovarian artery lumbar lumbar arteries inferior mesenteric left colic marginal sigmoid superior rectal common iliac internal iliac posterior surface iliolumbar lumbar branch iliac branch anterior surface superior vesical artery umbilical artery medial umbilical ligament to ductus deferens obturator anterior branch pubic branch posterior branch acetabular branch cruciate anastomosis corona mortis middle rectal vaginal branch prostatic branch uterine arcuate vaginal branches ovarian branches tubal branches spiral vaginal inferior vesical inferior gluteal accompanying of sciatic nerve cruciate anastomosis internal pudendal inferior rectal perineal posterior scrotal posterior labial bulb of penis vestibule urethral deep artery of the penis helicine deep artery of clitoris dorsal of the penis dorsal of the clitoris external iliac inferior epigastric corona mortis deep circumflex iliac femoral see arteries of lower limbs median sacral coccygeal glomus portal anatomy authority control databases terminologia anatomica retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title internal_iliac_artery oldid 1378397637 category arteries of the abdomen hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata short description is different from wikidata anatomy nav infobox with use of other nav parameters all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from april 2025 cs1 maint location missing publisher articles with unsourced statements from january 2021 articles with unsourced statements from november 2022 wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of gray s anatomy 1918 webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 4 october 2026 at 07 59 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents internal iliac artery 20 languages add topic