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ers against governments thus discouraging stringent regulations 96 97 8 98 job displacement and offshoring edit by increasing automation of tasks previously performed by human workers the digital economy has the potential to cause job displacement whether automation causes net job displacement depends on whether the gains from automation lead to greater consumer demand by lowering prices for goods and services and increasing household incomes and whether the introduction of new labor intensive tasks will create new jobs 8 digital technology has facilitated the spread of global value chains and made it easier for capital in developed countries to access labor in the developing world which can lead to greater offshoring and potentially harm low skilled workers in developed countries 95 99 labor rights edit the rise of digital platform companies has implications for the nature of work in particular in the gig economy and labor rights 100 101 gig workers are generally classified as independent workers with temporary off site autonomous contracts which challenges the application of labor and occupational health and safety law as a result online platforms encourage the flexibilization of jobs and a higher volatility of the labor market as opposed to traditional companies 102 gig economy companies such as deliveroo and uber hire self employed drivers who sign a contract with the digital platform while the way they work is similar to a regular employee statute yet for the first time in march 2020 france s top court cour de cassation ruling acknowledged that an uber driver could not qualify as a self employed contractor because he could not build his clientele or set his prices establishing a relation of a subordinate of the company 103 see also edit digital culture digital currency e commerce online shopping gross domestic product research and development about the relation between gdp and use of gdp and reality knowledge economy cryptoeconomics references edit bukht rumana heeks richard 3 september 2017 defining conceptualising and measuring the digital economy development informatics working paper rochester ny doi 10 2139 ssrn 3431732 s2cid 219357944 ssrn 3431732 brekke jaya klara alsindi wassim zuhair 2021 cryptoeconomics internet policy review 10 2 doi 10 14763 2021 2 1553 hdl 10419 235957 about stanford digital economy lab retrieved 25 january 2025 carlsson bo 1 september 2004 the digital economy what is new and what is not structural change and economic dynamics contains the special issue new and old economy the role of ict in structural change and economic dynamics 15 3 245 264 doi 10 1016 j strueco 2004 02 001 issn 0954 349x s2cid 16544951 bank european investment 28 february 2023 innovation overview 2023 cite journal cite journal requires journal help what is digital economy deloitte malta technology deloitte malta retrieved 15 november 2021 peitz martin waldfogel joel 6 august 2012 the oxford handbook of the digital economy oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 997863 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 weymouth stephen 2023 digital globalization politics policy and a governance paradox cambridge university press doi 10 1017 9781108974158 isbn 978 1 108 97415 8 s2cid 258523148 cite journal cs1 maint periodical has isbn link mesenbourg t l 2001 measuring the digital economy u s bureau of the census the concept of a digital economy archived from the original on 22 october 2013 retrieved 30 march 2015 nicholas negroponte 1 february 1995 bits and atoms wired magazine mit link retrieved 21 february 2017 services mastercard data 24 july 2020 the great data exchange what businesses and consumers value in the digital economy mastercard data services retrieved 3 april 2024 1 2 3 4 oecd 2020 a roadmap toward a common framework for measuring the digital economy pdf cite journal cite journal requires journal help unctad 2019 digital economy report 2019 pdf cite journal cite journal requires journal help oecd 2020 a roadmap toward a 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