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intra frame coding wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 coding process 2 applications 3 see also 4 external links toggle the table of contents intra frame coding 6 languages deutsch español italiano 한국어 bahasa melayu 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia data compression technique for other uses see iframe disambiguation this article has multiple issues please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page learn how and when to remove these messages this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources intra frame coding news newspapers books scholar jstor march 2017 learn how and when to remove this message this article may be too technical for most readers to understand please help improve it to make it understandable to non experts without removing the technical details june 2019 learn how and when to remove this message learn how and when to remove this message intra frame coding is a data compression technique used within a video frame enabling smaller file sizes and lower bitrates since neighboring pixels within an image are often very similar rather than storing each pixel independently the frame image is divided into blocks and the typically minor difference between each pixel can be encoded using fewer bits intra frame prediction exploits spatial redundancy i e correlation among pixels within one frame by calculating prediction values through extrapolation from already coded pixels for effective delta coding it is one of the two classes of predictive coding methods in video coding its counterpart is inter frame prediction which exploits temporal redundancy temporally independently coded so called intra frames use only intra coding the temporally coded predicted frames e g mpeg s p and b frames may use intra as well as inter frame prediction usually known adjacent samples or blocks are above above left above right and left a d usually only few of the spatially closest known samples are used for the extrapolation formats that operate sample by sample like portable network graphics png can usually use one of four adjacent pixels above above left above right left or some function of them like e g their average block based frequency transform formats prefill whole blocks with prediction values extrapolated from usually one or two straight lines of pixels that run along their top and left borders inter frame has been specified by the ccitt in 1988 1990 by h 261 for the first time h 261 was meant for teleconferencing and isdn telephoning coding process edit data is usually read from a video camera or a video card in the ycbcr data format often informally called yuv for brevity the coding process varies greatly depending on which type of encoder is used e g jpeg or h 264 but the most common steps usually include partitioning into macroblocks transformation e g using a dct or wavelet quantization and entropy encoding applications edit it is used in codecs like prores a group of pictures codec without inter frames see also edit video compression i frame delay inter frame group of pictures application of frame types motion compensation external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to intra frame coding http www cs cf ac uk dave multimedia node248 html v t e video processing post processing deblocking resizing comparison deinterlacing denoising deflickering special processing film colorization tinting color grading film look super resolution imaging video matting uncompressed pixel art scaling telecine this computing article is a stub you can help wikipedia by adding missing information v t e retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title intra frame_coding oldid 1353927181 categories mpeg video compression computing stubs hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from march 2017 all articles needing additional references wikipedia articles that are too technical from june 2019 all articles that are too technical articles with multiple maintenance issues commons category link is on wikidata all stub articles this page was last edited on 13 may 2026 at 05 52 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents intra frame coding 6 languages add topic