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at the opening night performance of this is the army on broadway remembered that when her father who normally shunned the spotlight appeared in the second act in soldier s garb to sing oh how i hate to get up in the morning he was greeted with a standing ovation that lasted 10 minutes she adds that he was in his mid 50s at the time and later declared those years with the show were the most thrilling time of his life 47 annie get your gun 1946 edit the grueling tours berlin did performing this is the army left him exhausted but when his longtime close friend jerome kern who was the composer for annie get your gun died suddenly producers richard rodgers and oscar hammerstein ii persuaded berlin to take over composing the score what distinguishes berlin is the brilliance of his lyrics you can t get a man with a gun that s as good a comic song as has ever been written by anybody you look at the jokes and how quickly they re told and it still has a plot to it it s sophisticated and very underrated composer lyricist stephen sondheim 48 49 loosely based on the life of sharpshooter annie oakley the music and lyrics were written by berlin with a book by herbert fields and his sister dorothy fields and directed by joshua logan at first berlin refused to take on the job claiming that he knew nothing about hillbilly music but the show ran for 1 147 performances and became his most successful score and biggest box office success 19 it is said that the showstopper song there s no business like show business was almost left out of the show altogether because berlin mistakenly thought that rodgers and hammerstein didn t like it however it became the ultimate uptempo show tune on the origin of another of the play s leading songs logan described how he and hammerstein privately discussed wanting another duet between annie and frank berlin overheard their conversation and although the show was to go into rehearsal within days he wrote the song anything you can do a few hours later 50 one reviewer commented about the play s score that its tough wisecracking lyrics are as tersely all knowing as its melody which is nailed down in brassy syncopated lines that have been copied but never equaled in sheer melodic memorability by hundreds of theater composers ever since 9 singer and musicologist susannah mccorkle writes that the score meant more to me than ever now that i knew that he wrote it after a grueling world tour and years of separation from his wife and daughters 46 81 historian and composer alec wilder says that the perfection of the score when compared to his earlier works was a profound shock 51 94 apparently the creative spurt in which berlin turned out several songs for the score in a single weekend was an anomaly according to his daughter he usually sweated blood to write his songs 47 annie get your gun is considered to be berlin s best musical theatre score not only because of the number of hits it contains but because its songs successfully combine character and plot development the song there s no business like show business became ethel merman s trademark 9 final shows edit berlin sings god bless america with president richard nixon at the white house vietnam pow dinner 1973 berlin s next show miss liberty 1949 was disappointing but call me madam 1950 starring ethel merman as sally adams a washington d c socialite loosely based on the famous washington hostess perle mesta fared better giving him his second greatest success berlin made two attempts to write a musical about his friend the colorful addison mizner and addison s con man brother wilson the first was the uncompleted the last resorts 1952 a manuscript of act i is in the library of congress wise guy 1956 was completed but never produced although songs have been published and recorded on the unsung irving berlin 1995 after a failed attempt at retirement in 1962 at the age of 74 he returned to broadway with mr president although it ran for eight months with the premiere attended by president john f kennedy it was not one of his successful plays 25 afterwards berlin officially announced his retirement and spent his remaining years in new york he did however write one new song an old fashioned wedding for the 1966 broadway revival of annie get your gun starring ethel merman though he lived 23 more years this was one of berlin s final published compositions berlin maintained a low profile through the last decades of his life almost never appearing in public after the late 1960s even for events held in his honor however he continued to maintain control of his songs through his own music publishing company which remained in operation for the rest of his life film scores edit 1920s 1950s edit in 1927 his song blue skies was featured in the first feature length talkie the jazz singer with al jolson later movies such as top hat 1935 became the first of a series of distinctive film musicals by berlin starring performers bing crosby fred astaire judy garland ginger rogers and alice faye top hat featured a brand new score as did several more including follow the fleet 1936 on the avenue 1937 carefree 1938 and second fiddle 1939 starting with alexander s ragtime band 1938 he often blended new songs with existing ones from his catalog he continued this process with the films holiday inn 1942 blue skies 1946 and easter parade 1948 with judy garland and fred astaire and there s no business like show business 1954 1 white christmas 1942 edit the 1942 film holiday inn introduced white christmas one of the most recorded songs in history first sung in the film by bing crosby along with marjorie reynolds whose voice was dubbed by martha mears 52 it stayed no 1 on the pop and r b charts for 10 weeks and went on to over 50 million records crosby s version is the best selling single of all time music critic stephen holden credits this partly to the fact that the song also evokes a primal nostalgia a pure childlike longing for roots home and childhood that goes way beyond the greeting imagery 9 richard corliss also notes that the song was even more significant having been released soon after america entered world war ii it connected with gis in their first winter away from home to them it voiced the ache of separation and the wistfulness they felt for the girl back home for the innocence of youth 25 poet carl sandburg wrote we have learned to be a little sad and a little lonesome without being sickly about it this feeling is caught in the song of a thousand jukeboxes and tune whistled in streets and homes i m dreaming of a white christmas when we sing that we don t hate anybody and there are things we love that we re going to have sometimes if the breaks are not too bad against us way down under this latest hit of his irving berlin catches us where we love peace 25 1 white christmas won berlin the academy award for best music in an original song one of seven oscar nominations he received during his career in subsequent years it was re recorded and became a top 10 seller for numerous artists frank sinatra jo stafford ernest tubb the ravens and the drifters it would also be the last time a berlin song went to no 1 upon its release berlin is the only academy award presenter and academy award winner to open the envelope and read his or her own name for white christmas this result was so awkward for berlin since he had to present the oscar to himself that the academy changed the rules of protocol the following year to prevent this situation from arising again talking about irving berlin s white christmas composer lyricist garrison hintz stated that although songwriting can be a complicated process its final result should sound simple considering the fact that white christmas has only eight sentences in the entire song lyrically mr berlin achieved all that was necessary to eventually sell over 100 million copies and capture the hearts of the american public at the same time 53 songwriting methods edit according to saul bornstein a k a sol bourne saul bourne berlin s publishing company manager it was a ritual for berlin to write a complete song words and music every day 51 92 berlin said that he did not believe in inspiration and felt that although he might be gifted in certain areas his most successful compositions were a result of work he said that he did most of his work under pressure he would typically begin writing after dinner and continue until 4 or 5 in the morning each day i would attend rehearsals he said and at night write another song and bring it down the next day 54 not always certain about his own writing abilities he once asked a songwriter friend victor herbert whether he should study composition you have a natural gift for words and music mr herbert told him learning theory might help you a little but it could cramp your style berlin took his advice herbert later became a moving force behind the creation of ascap the american society of composers authors and publishers in 1914 berlin joined him as a charter member of the organization that has protected the royalties of composers and writers ever since 7 in 1920 irving berlin became a member of sacem the french society of authors composers and publishers 1 in later years berlin emphasized his conviction saying that it s the lyrics that makes a song a hit although the tune of course is what makes it last 55 234 he played almost entirely in the key of f sharp so that he could stay on the black keys and owned three transposing pianos so as to change keys by moving a lever 56 though berlin eventually learned how to produce written music he never changed his method of dictating songs to a musical secretary 57 b as a result wilder says that many admirers of the music of jerome kern richard rodgers and cole porter were unlikely to consider berlin s work in the same category because they forgot or never realized that berlin wrote many popular tunes such as soft lights and sweet music supper time and cheek to cheek some are even more confused because he also wrote more romantic melodies such as what ll i do and always 51 wilder adds that in his lyrics as in his melodies berlin reveals a constant awareness of the world around him the pulse of the times the society in which his is functioning there is nothing of the hothouse about his work urban though it may be 51 music styles edit his music has that vitality both rhythmic and melodic which never seems to lose any of its exuberant freshness it has that rich colorful melodic flow which is ever the wonder of all those of who too compose songs his ideas are endless composer george gershwin 8 117 composer jerome kern recognized that the essence of irving berlin s lyrics was his faith in the american vernacular an influence so profound that his best known songs seem indivisible from the country s history and self image kern along with george gershwin richard rodgers oscar hammerstein ii and cole porter brought together afro american latin american rural pop and european operetta 9 berlin however did not follow that method instead says music critic stephen holden berlin s songs were always simple exquisitely crafted street songs whose diction feels so natural that one scarcely notices the craft they seem to flow straight out of the rhythms and inflections of everyday speech 9 berlin can be credited with helping develop jazz music jeffrey magee wrote how his song everybody step was credited by composers such as gershwin as one of the most important songs for learning jazz music berlin achieved this by using varying rhythms such as the conventional rag and blues rhythms as well as bringing in references to african american music 58 it led composer george gershwin to claim that he learned from berlin that ragtime which later became jazz was the only musical idiom in existence that could aptly express america 8 117 among berlin s contemporaries was cole porter whose music style was often considered more witty sophisticated and dirty according to musicologist susannah mccorkle of the five top songwriters only porter and berlin wrote both their own words and music however she notes that porter unlike berlin was a yale educated and wealthy midwesterner whose songs were not successful until he was in his thirties she notes further that it was berlin who got porter the show that launched his career 46 76 personal life edit marriages edit in february 1912 after a brief whirlwind courtship he married 20 year old dorothy goetz of buffalo new york the sister of one of berlin s collaborators e ray goetz during their honeymoon in havana she contracted typhoid fever and doctors were unable to treat her illness when she returned to new york she died july 17 of that year left with writer s block for months after goetz s death he eventually wrote his first ballad when i lost you to express his grief with wife ellin c 1926 years later in the 1920s he fell in love with young author and heiress ellin mackay 59 because berlin was jewish and she was a catholic of irish descent their life was followed by the press which found the romance of an immigrant from the lower east side and a young heiress a good story 7 mackay s father clarence mackay the socially prominent head of the postal telegraph cable company objected to their marriage 19 59 they had met in 1924 and her father opposed the match from the start he sent her off to europe to find other suitors and forget berlin however berlin wooed her with letters and songs over the airwaves such as remember 19 and all alone and she wrote him daily 60 biographer philip furia writes that newspapers rumored they were engaged before she returned from europe and some broadway shows even performed skits of the lovelorn songwriter after her return she and berlin were besieged by the press which followed them everywhere variety reported that her father vowed that their marriage would only happen over my dead body 55 as a result they decided to elope and were married in a simple civil ceremony at the municipal building away from media attention the wedding news made the front page of the new york times the marriage took her father by surprise and he was stunned when he read about it the bride s mother however who was at the time divorced from mackay wanted her daughter to follow the dictates of her own heart berlin had gone to her mother s home before the wedding and had obtained her blessing 61 60 there followed reports that the bride s father disowned his daughter because of the marriage in response berlin gave her the rights to always a song still played at weddings as a wedding present 11 ellin was thereby guaranteed a steady income regardless of what might happen with the marriage for nearly three years clarence mackay refused to speak to the berlins but they reconciled after the death of the berlins son irving berlin jr on christmas day 1928 less than one month after he was born 11 their marriage remained a love affair and they were inseparable until she died in july 1988...