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r goncharov tanya khovanova alexandre kirillov georgiy shilov endre szemerédi andrei zelevinsky vitalii ditkin israel moiseevich gelfand also written israïl moyseyovich gel fand or izrail m gelfand yiddish ישראל געלפֿאַנד russian изра́иль моисе́евич гельфа́нд ukrainian ізраїль мойсейович гельфанд 2 september o s 20 august 1913 5 october 2009 was a prominent soviet and american mathematician one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century biologist teacher and organizer of mathematical education he made significant contributions to many branches of mathematics including group theory representation theory and functional analysis the recipient of many awards including the order of lenin and the first wolf prize he was a foreign fellow of the royal society and professor at moscow state university and after immigrating to the united states shortly before his 76th birthday at rutgers university gelfand is also a 1994 macarthur fellow his legacy continues through his students who include endre szemerédi alexandre kirillov edward frenkel 1 joseph bernstein david kazhdan as well as his own son sergei gelfand early years edit gelfand was born to a jewish family in okny in the kherson governorate of the russian empire now in odesa oblast ukraine according to his own account gelfand was expelled from high school under the soviets because his father had been a mill owner bypassing both high school and college he proceeded to postgraduate study at the age of 19 at moscow state university where his advisor was the preeminent mathematician andrei kolmogorov 2 he received his phd in 1935 3 gelfand immigrated to the united states in 1989 4 work edit gelfand is known for many developments including the book calculus of variations 1963 which he co authored with sergei fomin gelfand s formula which expresses the spectral radius as a limit of matrix norms the gelfand representation in banach algebra theory the gelfand mazur theorem in banach algebra theory the gelfand naimark theorem the gelfand naimark segal construction gelfand shilov spaces the gelfand pettis integral the representation theory of the complex classical lie groups contributions to the theory of verma modules in the representation theory of semisimple lie algebras with i n bernstein and s i gelfand contributions to distribution theory and measures on infinite dimensional spaces 5 the first observation of the connection of automorphic forms with representations with sergei fomin conjectures about the atiyah singer index theorem ordinary differential equations gelfand levitan theory work on calculus of variations and soliton theory gelfand dikii equations contributions to the philosophy of cusp forms gelfand fuchs cohomology of lie algebras gelfand kirillov dimension integral geometry combinatorial definition of the pontryagin class coxeter functors general hypergeometric functions gelfand tsetlin patterns gelfand lokutsievski method the bgg correspondence with joseph bernstein and sergei gelfand and many other results particularly in the representation theory of classical groups gelfand ran a seminar at moscow state university from 1943 until may 1989 when it continued at rutgers university covereing a wide range of topics the seminar was an important school for many young mathematicians 6 7 8 influence outside mathematics edit the gelfand tsetlin also spelled zetlin basis is a widely used tool in theoretical physics and the result of gelfand s work on the representation theory of the unitary group and lie groups in general gelfand also published works on biology and medicine 9 for a long time he took an interest in cell biology and organized a research seminar on the subject 10 11 he worked extensively in mathematics education particularly with correspondence education in 1994 he was awarded a macarthur fellowship for this work personal life edit gelfand was married to zorya shapiro and their two sons sergei and vladimir both live in the united states a third son aleksandr died of leukemia his first marriage ended in divorce gelfand later remarried with his second wife tatiana they had a daughter also named tatiana the family also includes four grandchildren and three great grandchildren 12 13 memories about i gelfand are collected at a dedicated website handled by his family 14 gelfand was an advocate of animal rights 15 he became a vegetarian in 1994 and vegan in 2000 15 16 honors and awards edit gelfand held several honorary degrees and was awarded the order of lenin three times for his research in 1977 he was elected a foreign member of the royal society he won the wolf prize in 1978 kyoto prize in 1989 and macarthur foundation fellowship in 1994 he held the presidency of the moscow mathematical society between 1968 and 1970 and was elected a foreign member of the u s national academy of science the american academy of arts and sciences the royal irish academy the american mathematical society and the london mathematical society in an october 2003 article in the new york times written on the occasion of his 90th birthday gelfand is described as a scholar who is considered among the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century 17 having exerted a tremendous influence on the field both through his own works and those of his students death edit gelfand died at the robert wood johnson university hospital near his home in highland park new jersey he was less than five weeks past his 96th birthday his death was first reported on the blog of his former collaborator andrei zelevinsky 18 and confirmed a few hours later by an obituary in the russian online newspaper polit ru 19 publications edit gelfand i m 1998 lectures on linear algebra courier dover publications isbn 978 0 486 66082 0 gelfand i m fomin sergei v 1963 silverman richard a ed calculus of variations englewood cliffs n j prentice hall inc mr 0160139 isbn 978 0 486 41448 5 gelfand i raikov d shilov g 1964 1960 commutative normed rings translated from the russian with a supplementary chapter new york chelsea publishing co mr 0205105 isbn 978 0 8218 2022 3 gel fand i m shilov g e 1964 1958 generalized functions vol i properties and operations translated by eugene saletan boston ma academic press mr 0166596 isbn 978 0 12 279501 5 20 gelfand i m shilov g e 1968 1958 generalized functions vol 2 spaces of fundamental and generalized functions translated from the russian by morris d friedman amiel feinstein and christian p peltzer boston ma academic press isbn 978 0 12 279502 2 mr 0230128 20 gelfand i m shilov g e 1967 1958 generalized functions vol 3 theory of differential equations translated from the russian by meinhard e mayer boston ma academic press mr 0217416 20 gelfand i m vilenkin n ya 1964 1961 generalized functions vol 4 applications of harmonic analysis translated by amiel feinstein boston ma academic press mr 0173945 isbn 978 0 12 279504 6 20 gelfand i m graev m i vilenkin n ya 1966 1962 generalized functions vol 5 integral geometry and representation theory translated from the russian by eugene saletan boston ma academic press isbn 978 0 12 279505 3 mr 0207913 20 gelfand i m graev m i pyatetskii shapiro i i 1969 representation theory and automorphic functions translated from the russian by k a hirsch philadelphia pa w b saunders co isbn 978 0 12 279506 0 mr 0233772 gelfand izrail m 1987 gindikin s g guillemin v w kirillov a a kostant bertram sternberg shlomo eds collected papers vol i berlin new york springer verlag isbn 978 3 540 13619 4 mr 0929821 gelfand izrail m 1988 gindikin s g guillemin v w kirillov a a kostant bertram sternberg shlomo eds collected papers vol ii berlin new york springer verlag isbn 978 3 540 19035 6 mr 0929821 gelfand i m shen a 1993 algebra boston birkhäuser isbn 978 0 8176 3677 7 gelfand izrail m 1989 gindikin s g guillemin v w kirillov a a kostant bertram sternberg shlomo eds collected papers vol iii berlin new york springer verlag isbn 978 3 540 19399 9 mr 0997939 gelfand i m kapranov m m zelevinsky a v 1994 discriminants resultants and multidimensional determinants boston birkhäuser isbn 978 0 8176 3660 9 21 22 gelfand i m saul m 2001 trigonometry boston birkhäuser doi 10 1007 978 1 4612 0149 6 isbn 978 0 8176 3914 3 gelfand i m gindikin s g graev m i 2003 selected topics in integral geometry translations of mathematical monographs vol 220 providence r i american mathematical society isbn 978 0 8218 2932 5 mr 2000133 borovik alexandre v gelfand i m white neil 2003 coxeter matroids progress in mathematics vol 216 boston ma birkhäuser boston isbn 978 0 8176 3764 4 mr 1989953 generalized functions volumes 1 6 american math society 2015 see also edit anti cosmopolitan campaign 23 gelfand duality gelfand levitan marchenko equation gelfand mapping gelfand pair gelfand ring gelfand triple references edit citations edit edward frenkel 2013 preface love and math the heart of hidden reality basic books isbn 978 0465050741 one of my teachers the great israel gelfand science obituaries israel gelfand the telegraph london 26 october 2009 retrieved 31 may 2013 israel moiseevich gelfand the mathematics genealogy project retrieved 4 october 2022 israel gelfand math giant dies at 96 new york times 7 october 2009 retrieved 12 november 2022 gel fand i m n ya vilenkin 1964 generalized functions academic press p 375 isbn 9780122795046 m i vishik g e shilov i m gel fand seminar on functional analysis and mathematical physics in moscow state university in russian uspekhi mat nauk 13 2 80 1958 253 263 конспекты м а шубина с семинаров и м гельфанда александр бейлинсон и м гельфанд и его семинар i m gelfand and his seminar a presence ru гельфанд израиль моисеевич v i agol notes about i m gelfand s seminar link removed russian journal developmental biology volume 39 2008 number 6 367 368 l v beloussov short notes about gelfand s seminar link removed russian journal developmental biology volume 39 2008 number 6 369 370 chang kenneth israel gelfand math giant dies at 96 the new york times october 7 2009 stewart ian 8 november 2009 israel gelfand obituary the guardian london http israelmgelfand com site dedicated to israel m gelfand 1 2 interview with israel gelfand and tatiana v gelfand vita org ru retrieved 25 february 2023 israel gelfand link removed telegraph co uk retrieved 25 february 2023 kochman marilyn in person an equation for success the new york times october 5 2003 in russian скончался и м гельфанд i m gelfand has died accessed 2009 10 06 5 октября ушел из жизни выдающийся математик израиль моисеевич гельфанд эпоха гельфанда ушла но она продолжится в существующих поколениях renowned mathematician israil moiseyevich gelfand departed on october 5 gelfand s era has gone but it shall continue in succeeding generations 1 2 3 4 5 guillemin victor 1980 review generalized functions by i m gel fand and g e shilov bull amer math soc n s 3 1 part 1 758 762 doi 10 1090 s0273 0979 1980 14813 2 catanese fabrizio 2000 review discriminants resultants and multidimensional determinants by i m gelfand m m kapranov and a v zelevinsky bull amer math soc n s 37 2 183 198 doi 10 1090 s0273 0979 99 00858 7 roberts david p 2009 review discriminants resultants and multidimensional determinants by i m gelfand m m kapranov and a v zelevinsky mathematical association of america archived from the original on 8 september 2015 retrieved 1 july 2020 rosenfeld розенфельд boris abramowitsch борис абрамович in german 2003 math ru об исааке моисеевиче ягломе about isaac moiseevich yaglom мат просвещение mat enlightenment in russian 25 28 archived from the original on 12 january 2022 retrieved 12 january 2022 via math ru во время антисемитской кампании известной как борьба с космополитизмом был уволен вместе с и м гельфандом и и с градштейном during the antisemitic campaign known as the fight against cosmopolitanism he was fired along with i m gelfand and i s gradstein sources edit chang kenneth israel gelfand math giant dies at 96 the new york times october 7 2009 leading mathematician israel gelfand dies in n j usa today october 9 2009 israel gelfand top mathematician 96 the philadelphia inquirer october 10 2009 israel gelfand the daily telegraph october 27 2009 external links edit israel moiseevich gelfand dedicated site maintained by tatiana v gelfand and tatiana i gelfand israel gelfand daily telegraph obituary israel gelfand guardian obituary israel gelfand at zbmath open israel gelfand at the mathematics genealogy project o connor john j robertson edmund f israel gelfand mactutor history of mathematics archive university of st andrews web page at rutgers list of publications steele prize citation the unity of mathematics in honor of the ninetieth birthday of i m gelfand interview a talk with professor i m gelfand recorded by v retakh and a sosinsky kvant 1989 no 1 3 12 in russian english translation in quantum 1991 no 1 20 26 link v t e laureates of the wolf prize in mathematics 1970s israel gelfand carl l siegel 1978 jean leray andré weil 1979 1980s henri cartan andrey kolmogorov 1980 lars ahlfors oscar zariski 1981 hassler whitney mark krein 1982 shiing shen chern paul erdős 1983 84 kunihiko kodaira hans lewy 1984 85 samuel eilenberg atle selberg 1986 kiyosi itô peter lax 1987 friedrich hirzebruch lars hörmander 1988 alberto calderón john milnor 1989 1990s ennio de giorgi ilya piatetski shapiro 1990 lennart carleson john g thompson 1992 mikhail gromov jacques tits 1993 jürgen moser 1994 95 robert langlands andrew wiles 1995 96 joseph keller yakov g sinai 1996 97 lászló lovász elias m stein 1999 2000s raoul bott jean pierre serre 2000 vladimir arnold saharon shelah 2001 mikio sato john tate 2002 03 grigory margulis sergei novikov 2005 stephen smale hillel furstenberg 2006 07 pierre deligne phillip a griffiths david b mumford 2008 2010s dennis sullivan shing tung yau 2010 michael aschbacher luis caffarelli 2012 george mostow michael artin 2013 peter sarnak 2014 james g arthur 2015 richard schoen charles fefferman 2017 alexander beilinson vladimir drinfeld 2018 jean françois le gall gregory lawler 2019 2020s simon k donaldson yakov eliashberg 2020 george lusztig 2022 ingrid daubechies 2023 noga alon adi shamir 2024 mathematics portal authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast national united states france bnf data japan italy czech republic spain netherlands norway latvia sweden poland israel croatia academics cinii mathematics genealogy project scopus zbmath dblp mathscinet people trove deutsche biographie ddb other idref open library encyclopedia of modern ukraine yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title israel_gelfand oldid 1375158621 categories 1913 births 2009 deaths people from podilsk raion people from kherson governorate russian jews soviet jews soviet emigrants to the united states american people of russian jewish descent operator theorists soviet biologists functional analysts american textbook writers fluid dynamicists 20th century russian mathematicians mathema...