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tal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 terminology 2 nuclear weapons toggle nuclear weapons subsection 2 1 nuclear weapons delivery 2 2 threats during the gaza war 3 chemical weapons toggle chemical weapons subsection 3 1 possible nerve agents 3 1 1 1992 el al aircraft crash 3 2 use of white phosphorus munitions 3 2 1 cultural impact 3 3 use of tear gas 4 biological weapons toggle biological weapons subsection 4 1 biological warfare in the 1948 palestine war 5 pre state militants 6 notes 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents israel and weapons of mass destruction 15 languages العربية deutsch español فارسی suomi français עברית bahasa indonesia 日本語 bahasa melayu português română русский türkçe 中文 edit links article talk english read view source view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read view source view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia the shimon peres negev nuclear research center commonly known as the dimona reactor israel s site for producing plutonium for its nuclear weapons weapons of mass destruction by type biological warfare history terrorism chemical warfare history terrorism nuclear warfare terrorism radiological by country albania algeria argentina australia belarus belgium brazil bulgaria canada china egypt finland france germany greece india indonesia iran iraq israel italy japan kazakhstan libya mexico myanmar netherlands north korea pakistan philippines poland rhodesia romania russia soviet union saudi arabia singapore south africa south korea spain sweden switzerland syria taiwan turkey ukraine united kingdom united states yugoslavia non state aum shinrikyo islamic state biological weapons by country china iraq japan south africa soviet union united kingdom united states chemical weapons by country iraq south africa syria soviet union united states nuclear weapons by country china france israel united kingdom united states proliferation chemical nuclear missiles treaties list of treaties treaty parties defence cbrn defense category v t e part of a series on nuclear weapons of israel israel and wmds policy of deliberate ambiguity amimut begin doctrine samson option israel atomic energy commission delivery systems jericho mobile missiles sdot micha dolphin class submarines popeye turbo haifa naval base dakar class submarine aircraft f 15i f 16i f 35i tel nof hatzerim nevatim espionage and attacks on rivals iraq operation opera syria operation orchard iran assassinations cyberwarfare charming kitten duqu flame mahdi nitro zeus stars stuxnet infiltration operation olympic games other actions u s apollo affair operation plumbat iran s nuclear program and israel iran israel relations espionage project daniel stuxnet assassinations of scientists other assassinations infiltration of nuclear archives manufactured crisis wars involving nuclear close calls 1967 six day war operation samson he 1973 yom kippur war 1991 gulf war 2025 twelve day war 2026 iran war attack on dimona geography and foreign relations international agreements non proliferation treaty israel south africa agreement middle east nuclear weapon free zone sèvres meeting nuclear weapons testing vela incident south african cooperation research facilities shimon peres negev nuclear research center airstrike soreq nuclear research center other locations in israel dimona sdot micha airbase tirosh people and culture menachem begin david ben gurion ernst david bergmann edward teller levi eshkol rafi eitan mordechai vanunu yitzhak yaakov historians journalists avner cohen israel and the bomb seymour hersh the samson option gareth porter manufactured crisis the untold story of the iran nuclear scare arts culture what must be said golda s balcony related topics accusation in a mirror arrow missiles ata criticism of israel gaza genocide intent incitement proxy conflict israel mek iran israeli support for iran during the iran iraq war masada myth military and militant references to samson 1947 operation samson nuclear espionage v t e israel is the only country in the middle east that is believed to possess nuclear weapons israel is also suspected to possess chemical and biological weapons israel is the only un member not party to the treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons the biological weapons convention or the chemical weapons convention although it signed the latter in 1993 israel s stockpile is estimated at 90 to 400 nuclear weapons 9 it is speculated to operate a nuclear triad of delivery options by over 200 f 16 and f 15i fighters a by submarine launched cruise missiles aboard five dolphin class submarines and by 25 to 50 jericho medium and intercontinental range ballistic missiles b its first deliverable nuclear weapon is estimated to have been completed in late 1966 or early 1967 which would make it the sixth nuclear armed country 17 israel maintains a policy of deliberate ambiguity choosing not to formally deny or admit the extent of its nuclear chemical and biological warfare capabilities it is the only nuclear armed country to do so israeli officials have instead historically repeated israel will not be the first country to introduce nuclear weapons to the middle east israel interprets introduce to mean it will not test or formally acknowledge its nuclear arsenal nonetheless israel is suspected of carrying out a 1979 covert nuclear test responsible for the vela incident as part of its collaboration with the south african nuclear weapons program 11 western governments including the united states similarly do not acknowledge the israeli capacity 21 israeli officials including prime ministers have made statements that seemed to imply that israel possesses nuclear weapons 26 including discussions of use in the gaza war citing security threats israel rejects international calls to accede to the treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons or to participate in negotiations of a middle east weapons of mass destruction free zone 27 28 29 israel s begin doctrine describes its pre emptive strikes against nuclear facilities of other middle eastern countries bombing an iraqi reactor in 1981 and a syrian reactor in 2007 israel has extensively targeted iran s nuclear program using malware assassinations and airstrikes on reactors enrichment sites and other nuclear facilities during their 2025 war israel has not signed the treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons npt despite united nations general assembly pressure to do so it argues that nuclear controls cannot be implemented in isolation of other security issues and that only following the establishment of peaceful relations of all countries in the region could controls be introduced via negotiation of a mutually and effectively verifiable regime that would establish the middle east as a zone free of chemical biological and nuclear weapons as well as ballistic missiles israel is generally reported as having undeclared chemical warfare capabilities including nerve agents and an offensive biological warfare program the primary suspected facility is the israel institute for biological research iibr which also engages in defensive work 30 israel carried out biological warfare in operation cast thy bread dispersing the pathogen for typhoid against palestinian civilian populations during the 1948 palestine war 31 32 in 1992 an israeli cargo aircraft carrying a shipment bound for iibr crashed into an apartment complex in amsterdam netherlands the health effects in survivors and eventual revelations of the cargo manifest showed at least three chemical precursors used in the production the nerve agents sarin and soman israel s uses of white phosphorus and tear gas have also been alleged to violate the chemical weapons convention terminology the collective acronym used in israel for atomic biological and chemical weapons is the hebrew acronym aleph bet kaph hebrew אב כ or אב ך for hebrew אטומית ביולוגית כימית lit atomic biological chemical c nuclear weapons main article nuclear weapons of israel it is believed that israel possessed an operational nuclear weapons capability by 1967 with the mass production of nuclear warheads occurring immediately after the six day war 30 experts estimated the stockpile of israeli nuclear weapons range from 60 to as many as 400 33 34 35 it is unknown if israel s reported thermonuclear weapons are in the megaton range 36 israel is also reported to possess a wide range of different systems including neutron bombs tactical nuclear weapons and suitcase nukes 37 israel is believed to manufacture its nuclear weapons at the negev nuclear research center 38 in 2021 palestine made a declaration to the un under the treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons that it had never hosted nuclear weapons to its knowledge and saying israel as the occupying power bore responsibility for any unlawful nuclear activities in the occupied palestinian territories 39 on 5 november 2023 amid the gaza war heritage minister amihai eliyahu stated that the use of atomic weapons in the israeli invasion of the gaza strip could be one of the possibilities he was neither a member the security cabinet nor of the war cabinet and was subsequently suspended from cabinet meetings 40 41 nuclear weapons delivery further information nuclear weapons delivery nuclear triad jericho missile popeye turbo and f 15i nuclear weapons delivery mechanisms include jericho 3 missiles with a range of 4 800 km to 6 500 km though a 2004 source estimated its range at up to 11 500 km and which are believed to provide a second strike option as well as regional coverage from road mobile jericho 2 irbms israel s nuclear capable ballistic missiles are believed to be buried so far underground that they would survive a nuclear attack 42 43 additionally israel is believed to have an offshore nuclear second strike capability using submarine launched nuclear capable cruise missiles which can be launched from the israeli navy s dolphin class submarines 44 the israeli air force has f 15i and f 16i sufa fighter aircraft which are capable of delivering tactical and strategic nuclear weapons at long distances using conformal fuel tanks and supported by their aerial refueling fleet of modified boeing 707s 45 in 2006 then israeli prime minister ehud olmert appeared to acknowledge that israel had nuclear weapons when he stated on german tv that iran was aspiring to have nuclear weapons as america france israel russia 46 47 48 this admission was in contrast to the long running israeli government policy of deliberate ambiguity on whether it has nuclear weapons the policy held that israel would not be the first to introduce nuclear weapons in the middle east 49 former international atomic energy agency director general mohamed elbaradei regarded israel as a state possessing nuclear weapons 50 much of what is known about israel s nuclear program comes from revelations in 1986 by mordechai vanunu a technician at the negev nuclear research center who served an 18 year prison sentence as a result israel has not signed the treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons but supports establishment of a middle east zone free of weapons of mass destruction 51 threats during the gaza war part of a series on the gaza genocide genocidal acts attacks on people casualties civilians children hind rajab people seeking aid people evacuating health workers rape torture war crimes journalists rafah paramedic massacre world central kitchen aid attack attacks on infrastructure cemeteries cultural heritage sites health facilities healthcare collapse preterm births protected zones refugee camps religious sites schools bombings ai assisted targeting humanitarian crisis blockade aid delivery prevention evacuations famine gaza humanitarian foundation mass detentions genocidal intent intent and incitement dehumanization of palestinians intervention arms embargoes artists4ceasefire bogotá conference icc arrest warrants film workers for palestine freedom flotillas gaza war protests columbia university encampment 2024 campus protests hague group hind rajab foundation no music for genocide palestine action sanctions writers against the war on gaza resignations of us officials legal cases international criminal court icc defense for children international palestine v biden nicaragua v germany south africa v israel recognition and denial recognition academic and legal responses list of humanitarian and human rights groups palestinian genocide accusation special committee unhrc coi 2025 report denial pallywood support to israel countries germany united kingdom united states lists companies involved countries supplying arms military aid foundations gaza humanitarian foundation related topics gaza war anti palestinianism boycotts of israel boycott divestment and sanctions cultural discourse eightieth session of the unga far right politics in israel gaza peace plan humanitarian aid israel and weapons of mass destruction israel in the eurovision song contest 2024 mass graves no tech for apartheid stop the game unrwa and israel wikipedia women palestine portal 2020s portal category v t e see also intent and incitement in the gaza genocide and list of statements by israeli officials cited as genocidal during the gaza war israeli and us officials have made statements about nuclear weapons and gaza characterized as genocidal intent 52 53 54 israeli security analysts have also argued these statements undermine israeli nuclear ambiguity 55 on 9 october 2023 likud member of the knesset tally gotliv made a twitter post calling for a nuclear armed jericho missile strategic alert and the use of a doomsday weapon she continued that only an explosion that shakes the middle east will restore this country s dignity strength and security 56 57 minister of heritage amihai eliyahu responded that s one way to an interviewer asking if israel should drop some kind of atomic bomb on gaza to kill everyone 58 59 his remarks were criticized by the israeli opposition a number of arab countries iran and china 60 61 palestinian foreign minister riyad al maliki filed a complaint with the international atomic energy agency arguing the statement was an official recognition that israel possesses nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction 62 eliyahu was ostensibly suspended from the israeli cabinet by israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu but continued to participate in meetings by phone 53 eliyahu s father shmuel eliyahu the chief rabbi of the city of safed repeated the statement a nuclear bomb on gaza is indeed an option 52 us republican congressmen lind...