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the chemical they found that a general mood of cheer and humour had set in but suddenly all of them collapsed only to regain consciousness the next morning simpson knew as soon as he woke up that he had found something that could be used as an anaesthetic they soon had miss agnes petrie simpson s niece try it she fell asleep soon after inhaling it while singing the words i am an angel 18 there is a prevalent myth that the mother of the first child delivered under chloroform christened her child anaesthesia the story is retailed in simpson s biography as written by his daughter eve however the son of the first baby delivered by chloroform explained that simpson s parturient had been one jane carstairs and her child was baptised wilhelmina anaesthesia was a nickname simpson had given the baby 19 bust of sir james y simpson at the royal college of physicians of edinburgh scotland it was much by chance that simpson survived the chloroform dosage he administered to himself if he had inhaled too much and died chloroform would have been seen as a dangerous substance which in fact it is 20 conversely if simpson had inhaled slightly less it would not have put him to sleep it was his willingness to explore the possibilities of the substance that set him on the road to a career as a pioneer in the field of medicine subsequently organising supplies to florence nightingale and queen victoria 21 led to its use in obstetrics and for the military and according to the british medical journal changed the face of medicine for a century 22 signage posted inside st gile s cathedral in edinburgh scotland honoring the groundbreaking work of james young simpson an account of some of simpson s early uses of ether in childbirth are related by manchester based doctor edmund lund who visited him in 1847 and can be found in a manuscript held by special collections at the university of manchester with the reference mmm 12 2 23 other medical contributions edit simpson improved the design of obstetric forceps and to this day they are known in obstetric circles as simpson s forceps as well as designing the air tractor in 1838 the air tractor was the earliest known vacuum extractor to assist childbirth however the method did not become popular until the invention of the ventouse over a century later 24 in 1859 simpson described coccydynia coccyx pain and its treatment by coccygotomy severing the tendons and ligaments attached to the coccyx or coccygectomy surgical removal of the coccyx 25 coccydynia was described in the american journal of the medical sciences as the disease made celebrated by the recent admirable researches of dr simpson of edinburgh 26 antiquarian research edit simpson joined the society of antiquaries of scotland in 1849 and became its vice president in 1860 27 he made contributions to both the history of medicine and to archaeology 28 29 he published several papers on leprosy and syphilis in both cases he was concerned with the symptoms of the diseases and the relation between historical reports and contemporary cases and also with the institutions that were set up to care for and segregate the patients 30 31 another area he worked on was medicine in roman britain 32 33 simpson published an early and important work on prehistoric rock art archaic sculpturings of cups circles c upon stones and rocks in scotland england other countries 34 simpson listed and categorized examples of sculpturings from many parts of the british isles often from personal examination and also included examples from other countries for comparison many illustrations are provided after simpson s death a collection of his antiquarian essays was published in two volumes 35 his great grand niece margaret e b simpson would later become the first women professional archaeologist in scotland it is speculated that his interest in antiquarian research may have influenced her in regards to her career 36 personal life edit simpson was a devout adherent of the free church of scotland but he refused to sign the westminster confession of faith because of what he believed to be its literal interpretation of the book of genesis 7 simpson s principal residence was strathavon lodge 37 but he also kept a town house at 52 queen street edinburgh and a country house near bathgate 38 the family seat was strathavon linlithgow 2 marriage and grindlay family edit the simpson and grindlay families of edinburgh were closely interrelated forming a single extended family 11 in 1839 simpson married janet grindlay later lady janet grindlay simpson daughter of the edinburgh and liverpool shipping grandee walter grindlay a member of the scottish branch of the landed gentry grindlay family simpson and walter were cousins sharing grandparents in alexander simpson and his wife isabella grindlay and walter s daughter janet or jessie was simpson s first cousin once removed simpson s son walter grindlay simpson 2nd baronet was walter grindlay s nephew and godson 2 11 39 simpson relied on walter grindlay and his estate for financial support a number of times during his career 11 death and memorials edit sir james young simpson statue west princes street gardens edinburgh in 1840 simpson was elected a member of the harveian society of edinburgh and served as president in 1848 40 he was elected president of the royal college of physicians of edinburgh in 1850 41 and an international member of the american philosophical society in 1863 42 in 1850 he was also elected a member of the aesculapian club 43 he was created a baronet of strathavon in the county of linlithgow and of the city of edinburgh in 1866 44 he died at his home in edinburgh in may 1870 at the age of 58 a burial spot in westminster abbey was offered to his family but they declined and instead buried him closer to home in warriston cemetery edinburgh 45 however a memorial bust of simpson can be found in a niche at westminster abbey in london 46 on the day of simpson s funeral a scottish holiday was declared including the banks and stock markets with over 100 000 citizens lining the funeral cortege on its way to the cemetery 47 while over 1 700 colleagues and business leaders took part in the procession itself a year later chloroform supplier william flockhart was buried nearby 17 dr alexander russell simpson his nephew inherited his town house at 52 queen street 48 and lived there until his death in 1916 when it was then bequeathed to the church of scotland since then the building has been through many uses including being requisitioned by the army during the second world war and being used as a centre for training sunday school teachers in the 1950s today the town house is the premises of a charity called simpson house which provides a counselling service for adults and children affected by alcohol and drug use 49 there is a plaque on the wall outside to mark the house as having been the home of james young simpson from 1845 to 1870 in 1879 the edinburgh royal maternity and simpson memorial hospital and in 1939 the simpson memorial maternity pavilion were named in his honour as is the current simpson centre for reproductive health at the royal infirmary of edinburgh the quartermile development which consists of the old royal infirmary in edinburgh named its main residential street simpson loan in his honour coat of arms edit the coat of arms of the simpson baronets award to james young simpson on 3 february 1866 are influenced by his work in medicine and anaesthesia coat of arms of simpson of strathavon and edinburgh crest a staff erect encircled by a serpent or escutcheon or on a chief vert a goshawk between two crescents argent motto victo dolore pain conquered or victory over pain in popular culture edit ambrose parry s historical novels of the raven fisher and simpson series 2018 feature simpson as a key protagonist gallery edit sir james by james archer c 1848 sir james young simpson sir james alongside professor robert jameson dr william alison dr thomas traill professor james miller sir isaac balfour dr john bennett of the university of edinburgh sir james y simpson sir james young simpson and wainhouse or muirhouse sir james y simpson bart m d lady janet jessie grindlay simpson a spectator of the first trial of chloroform by james archer c 1846 52 queen street edinburgh the townhouse of sir james young simpson plate outside the former home of sir james in edinburgh memorial plaque in st giles edinburgh sir james young simpson plague at the university of edinburgh medical school the simpson memorial maternity hospital built to commemorate sir james in 1879 an illustration from simpson s book on archaic sculpturing grindlay simpson family grave marked by tall obelisk warriston cemetery edinburgh see also edit charles thomas jackson claimed to have pioneered the use of diethyl ether crawford williamson long discovered the anaesthetic effect of diethyl ether william thomas green morton pioneered the use of diethyl ether in surgery humphry davy first suggested the use of nitrous oxide in 1799 horace wells in 1844 pioneered the use of nitrous oxide in the us references edit sir james young simpson encyclopædia britannica archived from the original on 27 july 2013 retrieved 23 august 2013 1 2 3 foster joseph 1881 the baronetage and knightage p 566 archived from the original on 7 july 2024 retrieved 19 march 2023 william haig miller james macaulay william stevens 1867 sir james young simpson bart the leisure hour an illustrated magazine for home reading xvi w stevens printer 9 sir james young simpson 1811 1870 national records of scotland 31 may 2013 archived from the original on 5 november 2022 retrieved 24 march 2021 1 2 3 chisholm hugh ed 1911 simpson sir james young encyclopædia britannica vol 25 11th ed cambridge university press p 135 biographical index of former fellows of the royal society of edinburgh 1783 2002 pdf the royal society of edinburgh 2006 isbn 0 902 198 84 x archived from the original pdf on 4 march 2016 retrieved 27 june 2018 1 2 simpson sir james young first baronet 1811 1870 physician and obstetrician oxford dictionary of national biography oxford dictionary of national biography online ed oxford university press 2004 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 25584 retrieved 22 july 2018 subscription wikipedia library access or uk public library membership required notable members royal medical society archived from the original on 18 february 2017 retrieved 18 february 2017 edinburgh post office directory 1838 doyle d 2012 james hamilton the younger 1767 1839 pdf journal of the royal college of physicians of edinburgh 42 2 188 doi 10 4997 jrcpe 2012 222 pmid 22872923 archived pdf from the original on 30 april 2019 retrieved 1 september 2016 1 2 3 4 5 mccrae morrice 2010 simpson the turbulent life of a medical pioneer john donald edinburgh isbn 9780857900623 archived from the original on 6 april 2023 retrieved 19 march 2023 defalque r j wright a j 2004 the short tragic life of robert m glover anaesthesia 59 4 394 400 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2044 2004 03671 x pmid 15023112 blessed days of anaesthesia by stephanie snow 2009 hendrie william 1986 discovering west lothian edinburgh john donald publishers p 49 isbn 978 0859761628 papers of david waldie 1813 1889 jisc archived from the original on 7 july 2024 retrieved 12 july 2021 credit due over chloroform find the scotsman 18 january 2002 archived from the original on 12 july 2021 retrieved 12 july 2021 1 2 worling p m 1988 duncan and flockhart the story of two men and a pharmacy pharmaceutical historian 28 2 28 33 pmid 11620310 gordon h laing 2002 sir james young simpson and chloroform 1811 1870 the minerva group inc p 108 isbn 978 1 4102 0291 8 archived from the original on 7 july 2024 retrieved 11 november 2011 defalque ray j wright amos j j september 2009 the myth of baby anaesthesia anesthesiology 111 3 682 doi 10 1097 aln 0b013e3181b2800f pmid 19704255 t k agasti 2010 textbook of anaesthesia for postgraduates jp medical ltd p 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