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janka hardness test wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 typical janka hardness values 2 references 3 external links toggle the table of contents janka hardness test 13 languages català dansk deutsch ελληνικά español français italiano മലയാളം nederlands português русский svenska українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia test to measure resistance of wood the janka hardness test english ˈ dʒ æ ŋ k ə 1 german ˈjaŋka created by austrian born american researcher gabriel janka 1864 1932 measures the resistance of a sample of wood to denting and wear citation needed it measures the force required to embed an 11 28 millimeter diameter 7 16 in steel ball halfway into a sample of wood the diameter was chosen to produce a circle with an area of 100 square millimeters or one square centimeter 2 a common use of janka hardness ratings is to determine whether a species is suitable for use as flooring for hardwood flooring the test usually requires an 80 mm 150 mm 3 in 6 in sample with a thickness of at least 6 8 mm and the most commonly used test is the astm d1037 when testing wood in lumber form the janka test is always carried out on wood from the tree trunk known as the heartwood and the standard sample according to astm d143 is at 12 moisture content and clear of knots 3 the hardness of wood varies with the direction of the wood grain testing on the surface of a plank perpendicular to the grain is said to be of side hardness testing the cut surface of a stump is called a test of end hardness citation needed side hardness may be further divided into radial hardness and tangential hardness although the differences are minor and often neglected the results are stated in various ways leading to confusion especially when the actual units employed are often not attached the resulting measure is always one of force in the united states the measurement is in pounds force lbf in sweden it is in kilograms force kgf and in australia either in newtons n or kilonewtons kn this confusion is greatest when the results are treated as units for example 660 janka 4 the janka hardness test results tabulated below followed astm d 1037 12 testing methods lumber stocks tested range from 1 to 2 25 50 mm thick the tabulated janka hardness numbers are an average there is a standard deviation associated with each species but these values are not given citation needed no testing was done on actual flooring other factors affect how flooring performs the type of core for engineered floorings such as pine hdf poplar oak or birch grain direction and thickness floor or top wear surface etc the chart is not to be considered an absolute it is meant to help people understand which woods are harder than others typical janka hardness values edit key hardwood softwood pseudowood typical janka side hardness species force pounds force newtons australian buloke 5 5 060 lbf 22 500 n schinopsis brasiliensis quebracho barauna chamacoco 6 4 800 lbf 21 000 n schinopsis balansae quebracho colorado red quebracho 7 4 570 lbf 20 300 n lignum vitae guayacan pockholz 4 500 lbf 20 000 n cornus mas 4 390 lbf 19 500 n anadenanthera colubrina var cebil curupay angico preto brazilian tiger mahogany 3 840 lbf 17 100 n snakewood letterhout brosimum guianense 3 800 lbf 17 000 n brazilian olivewood 3 700 lbf 16 000 n brazilian ebony 3 700 lbf 16 000 n ipê brazilian walnut handroanthus lapacho 3 684 lbf 16 390 n african pearwood moabi 3 680 lbf 16 400 n grey ironbark 3 664 lbf 16 300 n bolivian cherry 3 650 lbf 16 200 n lapacho 3 640 lbf 16 200 n sucupira brazilian chestnut tiete chestnut 3 417 lbf 15 200 n kingwood 8 3 340 lbf 14 900 n dipteryx cumaru brazilian teak 9 3 330 lbf 14 800 n ironwood 3 260 lbf 14 500 n ebony 3 220 lbf 14 300 n massaranduba brazilian redwood paraju 3 190 lbf 14 200 n yvyraro 3 040 lbf 13 500 n strand woven bamboo 3 000 lbf 13 000 n cocobolo 2 960 lbf 13 200 n bloodwood brosimum rubescens 2 900 lbf 13 000 n boxwood 2 840 lbf 12 600 n olive 10 2 710 lbf 12 100 n red mahogany turpentine 2 697 lbf 12 000 n live oak 2 680 lbf 11 900 n southern chestnut 2 670 lbf 11 900 n spotted gum 2 473 lbf 11 000 n brazilian cherry jatoba 2 350 lbf 10 500 n mesquite 2 345 lbf 10 430 n golden teak 2 330 lbf 10 400 n guatambú kyrandy balfourodendron riedelianum 2 240 lbf 10 000 n santos mahogany bocote cabreuva honduran rosewood 2 200 lbf 9 800 n pradoo 2 170 lbf 9 700 n brazilian koa 2 160 lbf 9 600 n brushbox 2 135 lbf 9 500 n osage orange 11 2 040 lbf 9 100 n karri 2 030 lbf 9 000 n sydney blue gum 2 023 lbf 9 000 n palmyra palm 2 020 lbf 9 000 n bubinga 1 980 lbf 8 800 n cameron 1 940 lbf 8 600 n tallowwood 1 933 lbf 8 600 n merbau 1 925 lbf 8 560 n amendoim 1 912 lbf 8 500 n jarrah 1 910 lbf 8 500 n coconut palm 1 900 lbf 8 500 n purpleheart 1 860 lbf 8 300 n goncalo alves tigerwood 1 850 lbf 8 200 n hickory pecan satinwood 1 820 lbf 8 100 n afzelia doussie australian wormy chestnut 1 810 lbf 8 100 n castello boxwood 1 810 lbf 8 100 n bangkirai 1 798 lbf 8 000 n rosewood 1 780 lbf 7 900 n apple 12 1 730 lbf 7 700 n african padauk 1 725 lbf 7 670 n blackwood 1 720 lbf 7 700 n merbau 1 712 lbf 7 620 n kempas 1 710 lbf 7 600 n black locust 1 700 lbf 7 600 n highland beech 1 686 lbf 7 500 n red mulberry 1 680 lbf 7 500 n wenge red pine hornbeam 1 630 lbf 7 300 n tualang 1 624 lbf 7 220 n zebrawood 1 575 lbf 7 010 n true pine timborana 1 570 lbf 7 000 n peroba 1 557 lbf 6 930 n european yew 13 1 520 lbf 6 800 n sapele sapelli kupa y 1 510 lbf 6 700 n curupixa 1 490 lbf 6 600 n sweet birch 1 470 lbf 6 500 n hard maple sugar maple 1 450 lbf 6 400 n caribbean walnut 1 390 lbf 6 200 n kentucky coffeetree 1 390 lbf 6 200 n natural bamboo represents one species 1 380 lbf 6 100 n australian cypress 1 375 lbf 6 120 n white oak 1 360 lbf 6 000 n tasmanian oak 1 350 lbf 6 000 n ribbon gum 1 349 lbf 6 000 n ash white 1 320 lbf 5 900 n american beech 1 300 lbf 5 800 n red oak northern 1 290 lbf 5 700 n caribbean heart pine 1 280 lbf 5 700 n keruing 1 270 lbf 5 600 n yellow birch iroko 1 260 lbf 5 600 n movingui 1 230 lbf 5 500 n heart pine 1 225 lbf 5 450 n carapa guianensis brazilian mesquite 1 220 lbf 5 400 n larch 1 200 lbf 5 300 n carbonized bamboo represents one species 1 180 lbf 5 200 n teak 1 155 lbf 5 140 n brazilian eucalyptus rose gum 1 125 lbf 5 000 n english oak 14 1 120 lbf 5 000 n makore 1 100 lbf 4 900 n siberian larch 1 100 lbf 4 900 n peruvian walnut 1 080 lbf 4 800 n boreal 1 023 lbf 4 550 n black walnut north american walnut 1 010 lbf 4 500 n cherry 995 lbf 4 430 n black cherry imbuia 950 lbf 4 200 n red maple 15 950 lbf 4 200 n boire 940 lbf 4 200 n paper birch 910 lbf 4 000 n eastern red cedar monkeypod 900 lbf 4 000 n southern yellow pine longleaf 870 lbf 3 900 n lacewood leopardwood 840 lbf 3 700 n african mahogany 830 lbf 3 700 n mahogany honduran mahogany 800 lbf 3 600 n parana 780 lbf 3 500 n sycamore 770 lbf 3 400 n box elder 720 lbf 3 200 n shedua 710 lbf 3 200 n radiata pine 16 710 lbf 3 200 n silver maple 17 700 lbf 3 100 n southern yellow pine loblolly and shortleaf 690 lbf 3 100 n douglas fir 660 lbf 2 900 n western juniper 626 lbf 2 780 n alder red 590 lbf 2 600 n larch 590 lbf 2 600 n chestnut 540 lbf 2 400 n yellow poplar poplar 540 lbf 2 400 n hemlock 500 lbf 2 200 n western white pine 420 lbf 1 900 n basswood 410 lbf 1 800 n eastern white pine 380 lbf 1 700 n western red cedar 350 lbf 1 600 n cuipo 18 75 lbf 330 n balsa 18 70 lbf 310 n balsa softest wood ever measured single unusual example 18 22 lbf 98 n references edit baldwin elizabeth 5 january 2018 the scoop on wood hardness part 1 what is janka hardwoodfloorsmag com national wood flooring association retrieved 17 april 2021 janka hardness sizes com retrieved 4 may 2021 what is the janka hardness scale avant garde flooring 7 april 2016 archived from the original on 15 july 2019 retrieved 25 october 2024 the janka hardness test johnson hardwood archived from the original on 21 july 2024 retrieved 25 october 2024 morlan johnny w wood species janka hardness scale chart by common trade name a j the world s top 125 known softest hardest woods morlan wood gifts archived from the original on 26 april 2012 retrieved 20 december 2011 global species quebracho lumber identification the wood database archived from the original on 2016 03 04 retrieved 2014 05 22 kingwood lumber identification the wood database cumaru lumber identification the wood database olive the wood database archived from the original on 5 june 2023 retrieved 15 december 2023 osage orange lumber identification the wood database permanent dead link olive the wood database archived from the original on 3 june 2023 retrieved 15 december 2023 european yew the wood database archived from the original on 8 june 2023 retrieved 15 december 2023 english oak the wood database archived from the original on 3 march 2016 retrieved 28 august 2015 wood charts custom workshop archived from the original on 2013 01 06 retrieved 2018 11 30 radiata pine lumber identification the wood database archived from the original on 2016 08 11 retrieved 2015 04 04 silver maple lumber identification the wood database archived from the original on 2016 08 09 retrieved 2012 02 19 1 2 3 wiepking c a doyle d v november 1955 strength and related properties of balsa and quipo woods uisda forest service forest products laboratory pp 27 28 report no 1511 the record softness of 22 lbf is often falsely ascribed to quipo but all such reports appear to be a misreading of figures 15 and 16 from this primary source which makes clear that measurement is of balsa and the softest quipo measured was 46 lbf tangential 38 lbf radial external links edit janka hardness scale for wood side hardness chart of some woods usda wood handbook wood as an engineering material archived 2015 11 21 at the wayback machine usda janka hardness using nonstandard specimens archived 2012 12 22 at the wayback machine v t e woodworking overviews history glossary wood lumber styles boat building bow and arrow bush carpentry cabinetry caning carpentry certosina chainsaw carving chip carving ébéniste fretwork intarsia japanese carpentry khatam kohlrosing log building luthier marquetry millwork pallet crafting parquetry pyrography relief carving root carving segmented turning shingle weaving shipbuilding spindle turning timber framing treen whittling wood carving woodturning woods soft cedar calocedrus cedrus cypress douglas fir fir juniper larch kauri pine rimu spruce yew hard afromosia alder andiroba anigre ash apple aspen avodire balsa beech bilinga birch african blackwood australian blackwood boxwood bubinga camphor cedrela cherry chestnut cocobolo cumaru ebony elm eucalyptus hazel hickory hornbeam idigbo imbuia ipê iroko jarrah jelutong lignum vitae linden lime basswood lovoa merbau mahogany american african maple meranti oak padauk pear plum poplar purpleheart ovankol ramin red quebracho rosewood rubberwood sapele teak totara utile walnut wenge willow zebrano engineered cross laminated glue laminated hardboard mdf osb particle board plywood wood plastic composite tools abrasives axe adze burnisher chisel drawknife drill fence float gimlet gauge hinge bender impact driver janka hardness test jointer mallet milling machine miter box rasp router sandpaper shaper shaving horse square carpenters combination miter speed try thickness planer timber framing veneer hammer vise warrington hammer winding sticks wood scribe workbench clamps band clamp c clamp f clamp flooring clamp gripe holdfast miter clamp pipe clamp sawbuck saws backsaw bandsaw bow bucksaw chainsaw circular compass coping crosscut frame fretsaw hand saw jigsaw keyhole miter ripsaw scroll table veneer whipsaw planes bedrock plane block plane chamfer plane compass plane finger plane fore plane grooving plane jack plane japanese plane jointer plane moulding plane razee plane rebate plane router plane scrub plane shoulder plane smoothing plane spokeshave surform geometry joints birdsmouth biscuit box bridle butt butterfly coping crown of thorns dado dovetail finger groove halved hammer headed tenon knee lap mason s miter miter mortise and tenon rabbet rebate scarf splice tongue and groove profiles bead bevel chamfer ogee ogive ovolo surface piecing binding edge banding intarsia marquetry oystering parquetry purfling treatments adhesive french polish heat bending lacquer oil paint paint stripper steam bending thermal varnish wax wood drying wood preservation wood stain wood finishing organizations american association of woodturners architectural woodwork institute british woodworking federation building and wood workers international caricature carving international federation of building and wood workers national wood carvers association society of wood engravers timber framers guild conversion chainsaw mill hewing sawmill whipsaw wood splitting flat sawing quarter sawing rift sawing techniques frame and panel frameless construction green woodworking category wikiproject commons retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title janka_hardness_test oldid 1375765119 categories woodworking woodcarving wood hardness tests hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages with german ipa all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from october 2023 articles with unsourced statements from march 2016 all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from march 2023 articles with permanently dead external links webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 19 september 2026 at 23 01 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents janka hardness test 13 languages add topic