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s العربية dansk español فارسی français bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 bahasa melayu simple english tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia campaign in japan during the second world war japan campaign part of the pacific war of world war ii task force 38 of the u s third fleet maneuvering off the coast of japan 17 august 1945 two days after japan agreed to surrender date 18 april 1942 1 2 september 1945 2 location mainland and japan islands pacific result allied victory territorial changes american led occupation of japan belligerents united states united kingdom canada new zealand australia soviet union from august 1945 japan commanders and leaders franklin d roosevelt harry s truman douglas macarthur william halsey jr henry h arnold chester w nimitz bernard rawlings aleksandr vasilevsky hirohito hideki tojo shunroku hata kiichiro higuchi tadamichi kuribayashi pkia mitsuru ushijima matome ugaki seiichi itō casualties and losses approximately 19 000 to 20 000 193 300 soldiers dead all causes 3 surrendered and captured following blockade and bombings 4 335 000 soldiers 4 9 435 artillery pieces 5 286 tanks 731 other afvs 12 682 aircraft mostly kamikazes 5 v t e campaigns of world war ii europe poland phoney war finland winter war karelia lapland denmark and norway finnmark western front 1940 luxembourg netherlands belgium france alps 1940 1944 britain balkans greco italian war greece crete yugoslavia guerilla war eastern front berlin italy sicily mainland italy western front 1944 1945 pacific china franco thai war pacific ocean southwest pacific southeast asia thailand prachuap khiri khan japan manchuria and northeast asia mediterranean and middle east adriatic mediterranean sea malta dodecanese north africa libya egypt morocco algeria tunisia east africa guerrilla war middle east iraq syria lebanon iran other campaigns americas antarctica australia atlantic arctic air warfare strategic bombing french west africa indian ocean 1941 1945 madagascar v t e pacific war east asia china japan volcano and ryukyu manchuria southeast asia french indochina thailand indian ocean malaya burma philippines 1941 1942 dutch east indies philippines 1944 1945 borneo pacific ocean hawaiian islands wake island midway new guinea new britain huon peninsula salamaua lae markham valley western new guinea solomon islands guadalcanal new georgia bougainville gilbert and marshall islands mariana and palau islands north america ellwood aleutian islands estevan point lighthouse fort stevens lookout air raids fire balloon bombs project hula px v t e japan campaign of the pacific war air raids doolittle raid yawata nagaoka numazu tokyo meetinghouse nagoya osaka kobe 1st kure sendai fukui fukuoka kōfu akita aomori gifu hamamatsu hiratsuka utsunomiya toyohashi toyokawa yokkaichi okazaki shizuoka kumagaya yokosuka 2nd kure hiroshima and nagasaki ōminato battles mariana islands volcano and ryukyu islands starvation naval bombardments sagami bay south sakhalin kuril islands downfall cancelled hokkaido cancelled the japan campaign was a series of battles and engagements fought in and around the japanese home islands between allied forces and the forces of imperial japan during the last stages of the pacific campaign of world war ii the japan campaign lasted from april 1942 to the end of the pacific war in september 1945 air war edit periodic air raids on japan were the first attacks undertaken by allied forces against the japanese mainland beginning with the doolittle raid in april 1942 in late 1944 these raids were followed by a major strategic bombing against cities factories and other war infrastructure throughout japan most notably the operation meetinghouse raid on tokyo 9 10 march 1945 100 000 japanese were killed mostly civilians including in the conflagration that followed the firebombing the bombing of kure 24 28 july 1945 most of the surviving large japanese warships were sunk at anchor leaving the nagato as the only remaining capital ship in japan s inventory the atomic bombing of hiroshima 6 august 1945 of approximately 90 000 140 000 deaths 20 000 were japanese combatants and 20 000 were korean slave laborers the atomic bombing of nagasaki 9 august 1945 of approximately 39 000 80 000 deaths 27 778 were japanese munitions workers 2 000 were korean slave laborers and 150 were japanese combatants these air raids caused heavy damage to japanese infrastructure and domestic industry the deaths of 241 000 900 000 japanese citizens mostly civilians and the loss thousands of aircraft and flak guns the allies in turn only lost a few hundred aircraft mostly bombers to japanese anti air defenses and fighters from march 1945 until the end of the war the us navy s fast carrier task force began operating in close proximity to the japanese mainland with increasing impunity american aircraft carriers continually struck japanese airfields and dockyards for six months in a series of air raids that the japanese contested with decreasing frequency 6 land and sea battles edit in early 1945 there were two major island battles fought as part of the japan campaign the battle of iwo jima 16 february to 26 march of approximately 21 000 japanese defenders only 216 survived the battle of okinawa 1 april to 21 june of approximately 100 000 japanese defenders only 24 455 survived there were also two naval battles operation ten go 7 april all but four japanese vessels committed were sunk by american carrier borne aircraft the battle of tokyo bay 22 23 july 1945 most of the japanese vessels committed were heavily damaged or lost allied warships also bombarded several japanese cities during july and august 1945 fierce fighting during the battles of iwo jima and okinawa generated a grim outlook for the eventual amphibious landings on the japanese home islands among allied strategists japanese ground troops had fought effective campaigns of attrition on both islands and allied naval forces were subjected to massive kamikaze attacks throughout the battle of okinawa in both cases the japanese refused to surrender and there were few survivors while japanese losses were near complete allied forces also incurred tens of thousands of casualties during the fighting naval operations of the japan campaign included a suicidal japanese counteroffensive on 7 april 1945 operation ten go tasked with the insurmountable objective of relieving okinawa as well as an allied campaign to place air and submarine delivered mines in japanese shipping lanes this was illustrated by the naval surface engagement at tokyo bay in july 1945 in late 1945 the soviet union launched a series of successful offensives against several northern japanese territories in preparation for a possible invasion of hokkaido invasion of south sakhalin 11 25 august maoka landing 19 22 august invasion of the kuril islands 18 august to 1 september battle of shumshu 18 23 august conclusion edit tokyo from the air after the firebombing of tokyo 1945 world war ii ended with the surrender of japan after the atomic bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki and the soviet invasion of manchuria the firebombing of japanese cities resulted in some 350 000 civilian deaths and devastated japanese cities but did not meaningfully push the japanese government towards surrender while offering lukewarm indications that it was prepared for peace talks the japanese government had also made preparations to contest an allied invasion of the home islands as fiercely as they had defended iwo jima and okinawa including plans to carry out a protracted guerrilla campaign and carry out massed kamikaze strikes against allied naval forces the intended purpose of the japan campaign was to provide staging areas and preparation for a possible allied invasion of japan tentatively scheduled for late 1945 support allied air and naval operations against the japanese mainland and further isolate japan from its remaining overseas possessions however although the remaining vessels of the imperial japanese navy had been largely sunk or immobilized and japanese air units no longer contest allied command of the skies by june july 1945 japan still maintained significant ground forces on the home islands allied strategists judged that an amphibious invasion of the home islands would likely result in extremely heavy casualties by july 1945 japanese forces on the home islands had grown to nearly two million men organized into units of varying quality and type amounting to over 800 000 men on kyushu alone japanese males aged 15 60 and women aged 17 40 were drafted into civilian militias whose enlistment roles officially topped 25 million and were often equipped only with spears or household weapons although japan had ceded air superiority to the allies it maintained a reserve of some 9 000 aircraft intended to be utilized as kamikazes during the impending allied invasion japanese units had standing orders to engage in protracted guerrilla warfare should they be overrun 6 by june 1945 the american military leadership had decided to continue and intensify the naval blockade and aerial bombardment of the home islands hoping to compel a japanese surrender prior to the planned invasion of kyushu in november 1945 6 if the japanese still refused to surrender after allied forces invaded kyushu additional landings were planned on honshu to seize tokyo in early 1946 japan surrendered in august 1945 preventing these landings from taking place japan s surrender is attributed to a mixture of factors including the atomic bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki the strategic bombing of japanese cities the tightening naval blockade of the home islands and the soviet invasion of manchuria see also edit history portal surrender of japan japanese instrument of surrender japanese war crimes occupation of japan united states strategic bombing of japan soviet invasion of manchuria launched by the soviet union after the first atomic bombing victory over japan day references edit the date of doolittle raid the date of the surrender of japan figures were compiled by the relief bureau of the ministry of health and welfare in march 1964 australia japan research project archived from the original on 11 march 2016 retrieved 10 march 2016 combined death tolls of japan proper 103 900 and okinawa 89 400 ministry of health and welfare 1964 archived 2016 01 05 at the wayback machine final report progress of demobilization of the japanese armed forces 30 december 1946 part 2 supreme command of the allied powers p 49 archived from the original on 4 march 2016 retrieved 26 december 2015 artillery is defined as being at least over 80 mm in caliber 1 2 3 toll ian w 2020 twilight of the gods war in the western pacific 1944 1945 1st ed new york n y w w norton company p 673 isbn 978 0 393 08065 0 sources edit drea edward j 1998 in the service of the emperor essays on the imperial japanese army nebraska university of nebraska press isbn 0 8032 1708 0 external links edit media related to japan campaign at wikimedia commons v t e world war ii outline battles operations leaders allied axis commanders casualties conferences general topics air warfare of world war ii in europe blitzkrieg comparative military ranks cryptography declarations of war diplomacy governments in exile home front australian united kingdom united states lend lease manhattan project british contribution military awards military equipment military production names naval history nazi plunder opposition technology allied cooperation mulberry harbour total war strategic bombing puppet states women art and world war ii music in world war ii weather events during world war ii theaters asia and pacific china south east asia pacific north and central pacific south west pacific indian ocean europe western front eastern front mediterranean and middle east north africa east africa italy west africa atlantic timeline americas aftermath chinese civil war cold war decolonization division of korea first indochina war expulsion of germans greek civil war indonesian national revolution repatriation of soviet citizens repatriation of cossacks operation keelhaul marshall plan occupation of germany occupation of japan osoaviakhim paperclip soviet occupations baltic hungary poland romania territorial changes of germany treaty on the final settlement with respect to germany united nations war crimes allied war crimes soviet war crimes atrocities against prisoners of war british war crimes united states war crimes german war crimes forced labour wehrmacht war crimes the holocaust aftermath response nuremberg trials italian war crimes japanese war crimes nanjing massacre unit 731 prosecution croatian war crimes genocide of serbs persecution of jews romanian war crimes sexual violence german military brothels camp brothels rape during the occupation of germany japan poland manchuria rape during the liberation of france serbia sook ching comfort women rape of manila marocchinate participants allies algeria australia belgium brazil bulgaria from september 1944 canada china cuba czechoslovakia denmark ethiopia eswatini formerly swaziland finland from september 1944 france free france greece india indian army italy from september 1943 liberia luxembourg mexico netherlands newfoundland new zealand norway philippines poland romania from august 1944 sierra leone south africa southern rhodesia soviet union tuva united kingdom british empire united states puerto rico yugoslavia axis albania protectorate bulgaria until september 1944 state of burma republic of china wang jingwei independent state of croatia finland until september 1944 german reich hungary azad hind iraq italy until september 1943 italian social republic empire of japan manchukuo mengjiang philippines romania until august 1944 slovak republic thailand vichy france guangzhouwan french indochina french madagascar syria lebanon french north africa french west africa collaboration neutral afghanistan andorra bhutan ireland liechtenstein monaco portugal san marino saudi arabia spain sweden switzerland tibet turkey vatican city yemen resistance albania austria belgium bulgaria czech lands denmark dutch east indies estonia ethiopia france germany greece hong kong italy japan jews korea korean liberation army korean volunteer army latvia lithuania luxembourg malaya netherlands northeast china norway philippines poland romania thailand soviet union slovakia western ukraine vietnam quốc dân đảng viet minh yugoslavia pows finnish prisoners in the soviet union french prisoners german prisoners soviet union azerbaijan united kingdom united s...