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japanese mathematics wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 pre edo period 552 1600 1 2 edo period 2 select mathematicians 3 see also 4 notes 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents japanese mathematics 16 languages azərbaycanca deutsch español فارسی français magyar italiano 日本語 한국어 bahasa melayu nederlands piemontèis русский ไทย українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia independent development of mathematics in japan during the isolation of the edo period japanese mathematics 和算 wasan denotes a distinct kind of mathematics which was developed in japan during the edo period 1603 1867 the term wasan from wa japanese and san calculation was coined in the 1870s 1 and employed to distinguish native japanese mathematical theory from western mathematics 洋算 yōsan 2 in the history of mathematics the development of wasan falls outside the western realm at the beginning of the meiji period 1868 1912 japan and its people opened themselves to the west japanese scholars adopted western mathematical technique and this led to a decline of interest in the ideas used in wasan history edit pre edo period 552 1600 edit records of mathematics in the early periods of japanese history are nearly non existent though it was at this time that a large influx of knowledge from china reached japan including that of reading and writing few sources exist of usage of mathematics within japan however it is suggested that this period saw the use of an exponential numbering system following the law of a m a n a m n displaystyle a m a n a m n 3 edo period edit the soroban in yoshida koyu s jinkōki 1641 edition the japanese mathematical schema evolved during a period when japan s people were isolated from european influences but instead borrowed from ancient mathematical texts written in china including those from the yuan dynasty and earlier the japanese mathematicians yoshida shichibei kōyū imamura chishō and takahara kisshu are among the earliest known japanese mathematicians they came to be known to their contemporaries as the three arithmeticians 4 5 yoshida was the author of the oldest extant japanese mathematical text the 1627 work called jinkōki the work dealt with the subject of soroban arithmetic including square and cube root operations 6 yoshida s book significantly inspired a new generation of mathematicians and redefined the japanese perception of educational enlightenment which was defined in the seventeen article constitution as the product of earnest meditation 7 seki takakazu developed enri 円理 circle principles a mathematical system that addressed problems involving areas volumes and infinite series broadly comparable in some aims to the problems later addressed by calculus in europe however seki s investigations did not proceed from the same foundations as those used by newton and leibniz in europe 8 mathematicians like takebe katahiro played an important role in developing enri circle principle 9 he obtained power series expansion of arcsin x 2 displaystyle arcsin x 2 in 1722 15 years earlier than euler he used richardson extrapolation in 1695 about 200 years earlier than richardson 10 he also computed 41 digits of π based on polygon approximation and richardson extrapolation 11 select mathematicians edit replica of katsuyo sampo by seki takakazu page written about bernoulli number and binomial coefficient the following list encompasses mathematicians whose work was derived from wasan this is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness you can help by editing the page to add missing items with references to reliable sources yoshida mitsuyoshi 1598 1672 seki takakazu 1642 1708 takebe kenkō 1664 1739 matsunaga ryohitsu fl 1718 1749 12 kurushima kinai d 1757 arima raido 1714 1783 13 fujita sadasuke 1734 1807 14 ajima naonobu 1739 1783 aida yasuaki 1747 1817 sakabe kōhan 1759 1824 fujita kagen 1765 1821 14 hasegawa ken c 1783 1838 13 wada nei 1787 1840 shiraishi chochu 1796 1862 15 koide shuke 1797 1865 13 omura isshu 1824 1871 13 see also edit japanese theorem for cyclic polygons japanese theorem for cyclic quadrilaterals hungarian mathematics sangaku the custom of presenting mathematical problems carved in wood tablets to the public in shinto shrines soroban a japanese abacus category japanese mathematicians notes edit selin helaine 1997 encyclopaedia of the history of science technology and medicine in non western cultures p 641 p 641 at google books smith david et al 1914 a history of japanese mathematics p 1 n2 p 1 at google books smith pp 1 6 p 1 at google books smith p 35 p 35 at google books campbell douglas et al 1984 mathematics people problems results p 48 restivo sal p 1984 mathematics in society and history p 56 p 56 at google books strayer robert 2000 ways of the world a brief global history with sources bedford st martins p 7 isbn 9780312489168 oclc 708036979 smith pp 91 127 p 91 at google books mathematical society of japan takebe prize osada naoki aug 26 2011 収束の加速法の歴史 17世紀ヨーロッパと日本の加速法 数学史の研究 pdf study of the history of mathematics rims kôkyûroku in japanese 1787 100 102 via kyoto university ogawa tsugane may 13 1997 円理の萌芽 建部賢弘の円周率計算 数学史の研究 pdf study of the history of mathematics rims kôkyûroku in japanese 1019 80 88 via kyoto university smith pp 104 158 180 p 104 at google books 1 2 3 4 list of japanese mathematicians clark university dept of mathematics and computer science 1 2 fukagawa hidetoshi et al 2008 sacred mathematics japanese temple geometry p 24 smith p 233 p 233 at google books references edit campbell douglas m and john c iggins 1984 mathematics people problems results belmont california warsworth international isbn 9780534032005 isbn 9780534032012 isbn 9780534028794 oclc 300429874 endō toshisada 1896 history of mathematics in japan 日本數學史 dai nihon sūgakush tōkyō _____ oclc 122770600 fukagawa hidetoshi and dan pedoe 1989 japanese temple geometry problems sangaku winnipeg charles babbage isbn 9780919611214 oclc 474564475 __________ and dan pedoe 1991 how to resolve japanese temple geometry problems 日本の幾何ー何題解けますか nihon no kika nan dai tokemasu ka tōkyō isbn 9784627015302 oclc 47500620 __________ and tony rothman 2008 sacred mathematics japanese temple geometry princeton princeton university press isbn 069112745x oclc 181142099 horiuchi annick 1994 les mathematiques japonaises a l epoque d edo 1600 1868 une etude des travaux de seki takakazu 1708 et de takebe katahiro 1664 1739 paris librairie philosophique j vrin isbn 9782711612130 oclc 318334322 __________ 1998 les mathématiques peuvent elles n être que pur divertissement une analyse des tablettes votives de mathématiques à l époque d edo extrême orient extrême occident volume 20 pp 135 156 kobayashi tatsuhiko 2002 what kind of mathematics and terminology was transmitted into 18th century japan from china historia scientiarum vol 12 no 1 kobayashi tatsuhiko trigonometry and its acceptance in the 18th 19th centuries japan ogawa tsukane a review of the history of japanese mathematics revue d histoire des mathématiques 7 fascicule 1 2001 137 155 restivo sal p 1992 mathematics in society and history sociological inquiries dordrecht kluwer academic publishers isbn 9780792317654 oclc 25709270 selin helaine 1997 encyclopaedia of the history of science technology and medicine in non western cultures dordrecht kluwer springer isbn 9780792340669 oclc 186451909 david eugene smith and yoshio mikami 1914 a history of japanese mathematics chicago open court publishing oclc 1515528 see online multi formatted full text book at archive org external links edit japan academy collection of native japanese mathematics japanmath math program focused on math fact fluency and japanese originated logic games archived 2012 02 12 at the wayback machine sangaku sansu math translated tokyo shoseki japanese math curriculum kümmerle harald bibliography on traditional mathematics in japan wasan authority control databases national japan retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title japanese_mathematics oldid 1374007087 categories japanese mathematics science and technology in japan hidden categories articles with short description short description with empty wikidata description articles containing japanese language text cs1 japanese language sources ja dynamic lists webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 9 september 2026 at 06 44 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents japanese mathematics 16 languages add topic