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this success was the presence of jacques noël sané a renowned ship engineer who had built joyeuse s 118 gun flagship montagne 10 though the reformation of the navy has not had as much historical acclaim as the work other committee members performed on the army with many critics pointing to its losses in the battle of the glorious first of june in 1794 the reforms that took place were nonetheless vital in ensuring france s continued success in war 16 on 15 february 1794 saint andré made the red white and blue vertical stripes flag the national flag of france 5 saint andré later participated in a mission in the south which lasted from july 1794 2 to march 1795 and in which he showed moderation in contrast to the directives of the reign of terror shortly after he was arrested on may 28 1795 and imprisoned at the college of four nations but was released by the amnesty of the year iv 5 during this time saint andré wrote about his experiences in the turkish cells entitled tale of my captivity on the banks of the black sea 20 on 28 july 1794 the jacobin faction lost support of the crowd and most of its members most notably robespierre were guillotined the crowd saw that saint andré had mostly spent his time on mission and had not participated in the decisions made during the jacobins control so he was granted his life 1 however with the jacobin bourgeoisie he had justified the impediment of the representations of the people which are the sectional societies our greatest enemies are not outside we see them they are in our midst they want to take revolutionary measures further than we do he was then appointed consul at algiers and smyrna 1798 and was kept prisoner by the ottoman empire for three years during the napoleonic wars 2 released in 1801 saint andré subsequently became préfet of the department of mont tonnerre 1801 and commissary general of the three departments on the left bank of the rhine 2 napoleon made him a member of the légion d honneur in 1804 and a baron of the empire in 1809 2 he died of typhoid in mainz references edit 1 2 3 4 cormack william s 2002 05 09 revolution and political conflict in the french navy 1789 1794 cambridge university press isbn 9780521893756 1 2 3 4 5 chronicle of the french revolution 1788 1799 chronicle publications 1989 01 01 isbn 9780131337299 ducasse read admiral jean bon saint andre et la marine revue historique des armées 2 1989 89 100 historical abstracts web 10 mar 2017 lévy schneider leon 1901 01 01 le conventionnel jeanbon saint andré membre du comit de salut public organisateur de la marine de la terreur 1749 1813 in french f alcan 1 2 3 de montauban à mayence l étonnante destinée d andré jeanbon saint andré huguenots en france www huguenots fr 8 october 2016 retrieved 2017 04 03 1 2 paxton john 1988 01 01 companion to the french revolution facts on file isbn 9780816019373 palmer r r 2017 03 14 the improvement of humanity education and the french revolution princeton university press isbn 9781400886173 1 2 thompson james m robespierre new york fertig 1968 print schama simon 1990 01 01 citizens a chronicle of the french revolution vintage books isbn 9780679726104 1 2 3 4 5 6 palmer robert roswell 1941 01 01 twelve who ruled the year of the terror in the french revolution princeton university press isbn 9780691051192 cite book isbn date incompatibility help 1 2 3 4 5 6 cormack william s 2002 05 09 revolution and political conflict in the french navy 1789 1794 cambridge university press isbn 9780521893756 rosenstock morton 1952 01 01 the house of bacri and busnach a chapter from algeria s commercial history jewish social studies 14 4 343 364 jstor 4465108 nice jason 2009 01 01 sacred history and national identity comparisons between early modern wales and brittany pickering chatto isbn 9781851966233 cormack william s 1992 04 01 the french navy and the struggle for revolutionary authority the mutiny of the brest fleet in 1793 canadian journal of history 27 1 29 45 doi 10 3138 cjh 27 1 29 issn 0008 4107 crook malcolm 1998 fair shares for all jacobin egalitarianism in practice the english historical review 113 454 1334 1 2 stephens henry morse 1886 01 01 a history of the french revolution c scribner s sons aulard françois alphonse 1910 01 01 the revolutionary government 1793 1797 c scribner s sons bouloiseau marc 1983 11 17 the jacobin republic 1792 1794 cambridge university press isbn 9780521289184 dull jonathan r 2009 01 01 the age of the ship of the line the british and french navies 1650 1815 u of nebraska press isbn 978 0803222670 andré jeanbon saint andré 1749 1813 virtual museum of protestantism suggested reading edit wikimedia commons has media related to andré jeanbon baron de saint andré wikisource has the text of the 1911 encyclopædia britannica article saint andré andré jeanbon levy schneider le conventionnel jean bon st andré paris 1901 come donald r french threat to british shores 1793 1798 military affairs 16 4 1952 174 google scholar web 24 feb 2016 frey linda and marsha frey the french revolution westport ct greenwood 2004 print isbn 978 0313321931 popkin j d a short history of the french revolution hoboken pearson education 2014 print isbn 978 0205693573 v t e french revolution causes timeline ancien régime revolution constitutional monarchy republic directory consulate glossary journals museum significant civil and political events by year 1788 day of the tiles 7 jun 1788 assembly of vizille 21 jul 1788 1789 what is the third estate jan 1789 réveillon riots 28 apr 1789 convocation of the estates general 5 may 1789 death of the dauphin 4 june 1789 national assembly 17 jun 9 jul 1790 tennis court oath 20 jun 1789 national constituent assembly 9 jul 30 sep 1791 storming of the bastille 14 jul 1789 great fear 20 jul 5 aug 1789 abolition of feudalism 4 11 aug 1789 declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen 26 aug 1789 women s march on versailles 5 oct 1789 nationalization of the church properties 2 nov 1789 1790 abolition of the parlements feb jul 1790 avignon comtat venaissin war jun 1790 1791 abolition of the nobility 23 jun 1790 civil constitution of the clergy 12 jul 1790 fête de la fédération 14 jul 1790 1791 flight to varennes 20 21 jun 1791 champ de mars massacre 17 jul 1791 declaration of pillnitz 27 aug 1791 the constitution of 1791 3 sep 1791 national legislative assembly 1 oct 1791 sep 1792 1792 france declares war 20 apr 1792 brunswick manifesto 25 jul 1792 paris commune becomes insurrectionary jun 1792 10th of august 10 aug 1792 september massacres sep 1792 national convention 20 sep 1792 26 oct 1795 first republic declared 22 sep 1792 1793 execution of louis xvi 21 jan 1793 revolutionary tribunal 9 mar 1793 31 may 1795 reign of terror 27 jun 1793 27 jul 1794 committee of public safety committee of general security fall of the girondists 2 jun 1793 assassination of marat 13 jul 1793 levée en masse 23 aug 1793 the death of marat painting law of suspects 17 sep 1793 marie antoinette is guillotined 16 oct 1793 anti clerical laws throughout the year 1794 hébert guillotined 24 mar 1794 danton and desmoulins guillotined 5 apr 1794 law of 22 prairial 10 jun 1794 thermidorian reaction 27 jul 1794 robespierre guillotined 28 jul 1794 white terror fall 1794 closing of the jacobin club 11 nov 1794 1795 6 insurrection of 12 germinal year iii 1 apr 1795 constitution of the year iii 22 aug 1795 directoire 1795 99 council of five hundred council of ancients 13 vendémiaire 5 oct 1795 conspiracy of the equals may 1796 1797 coup of 18 fructidor 4 sep 1797 second congress of rastatt dec 1797 1798 law of 22 floréal year vi 11 may 1798 1799 coup of 30 prairial vii 18 jun 1799 coup of 18 brumaire 9 nov 1799 constitution of the year viii 24 dec 1799 consulate revolutionary campaigns 1792 verdun thionville valmy royalist revolts chouannerie vendée dauphiné lille siege of mainz jemappes namur 1793 first coalition war in the vendée battle of neerwinden battle of famars 23 may 1793 expedition to sardinia 21 dec 1792 25 may 1793 battle of kaiserslautern siege of mainz battle of wattignies battle of hondschoote siege of bellegarde battle of peyrestortes pyrenees siege of toulon 18 sep 18 dec 1793 first battle of wissembourg 13 oct 1793 battle of truillas pyrenees second battle of wissembourg 26 27 dec 1793 1794 battle of villers en cauchies 24 apr 1794 second battle of boulou pyrenees 30 apr 1 may 1794 battle of tourcoing 18 may 1794 battle of tournay 22 may 1794 glorious first of june 1 jun 1794 battle of fleurus 26 jun 1794 chouannerie battle of aldenhoven 2 oct 1794 siege of luxembourg 22 nov 1794 7 jun 1795 1795 siege of luxembourg 22 nov 1794 7 jun 1795 peace of basel 1796 italian campaign 1796 battle of lonato 3 4 aug 1796 battle of castiglione 5 aug 1796 battle of theiningen battle of neresheim 11 aug 1796 battle of amberg 24 aug 1796 battle of würzburg 3 sep 1796 battle of rovereto 4 sep 1796 first battle of bassano 8 sep 1796 battle of emmendingen 19 oct 1796 battle of schliengen 26 oct 1796 second battle of bassano 6 nov 1796 battle of calliano 6 7 nov 1796 battle of arcole 15 17 nov 1796 ireland expedition dec 1796 1797 italian campaign 1797 battle of rivoli 14 15 jan 1797 battle of cape st vincent 14 february 1797 peace of leoben 17 apr 1797 battle of neuwied 18 apr 1797 treaty of campo formio 17 oct 1797 1798 french invasion of switzerland 28 january 17 may 1798 french invasion of egypt 1798 1801 irish rebellion of 1798 23 may 23 sep 1798 quasi war 1798 1800 peasants war 12 oct 5 dec 1798 1799 second coalition 1798 1802 siege of acre 20 mar 21 may 1799 battle of ostrach 20 21 mar 1799 battle of stockach 25 mar 1799 battle of magnano 5 apr 1799 battle of cassano 27 28 apr 1799 first battle of zurich 4 7 jun 1799 battle of trebbia 17 20 jun 1799 battle of novi 15 aug 1799 second battle of zurich 25 26 sep 1799 1800 battle of marengo 14 jun 1800 convention of alessandria 15 jun 1800 battle of hohenlinden 3 dec 1800 league of armed neutrality 1800 02 1801 treaty of lunéville 9 feb 1801 treaty of florence 18 mar 1801 algeciras campaign 8 jul 1801 1802 treaty of amiens 25 mar 1802 treaty of paris 25 jun 1802 military leaders france french army eustache charles d aoust charles pierre augereau alexandre de beauharnais jean baptiste bernadotte louis alexandre berthier jean baptiste bessières napoléon bonaparte guillaume brune jean françois carteaux jean étienne championnet chapuis de tourville adam philippe comte de custine louis nicolas davout louis desaix jacques françois dugommier thomas alexandre dumas charles françois dumouriez pierre marie barthélemy ferino louis charles de flers paul grenier emmanuel de grouchy jacques maurice hatry lazare hoche jean baptiste jourdan françois christophe de kellermann jean baptiste kléber pierre choderlos de laclos jean lannes charles leclerc claude lecourbe françois joseph lefebvre étienne macdonald jean antoine marbot marcellin marbot françois séverin marceau auguste de marmont andré masséna bon adrien jeannot de moncey jean victor marie moreau édouard mortier duke of trévise joachim murat michel ney pierre jacques osten nicolas oudinot catherine dominique de pérignon jean charles pichegru józef poniatowski laurent de gouvion saint cyr barthélemy louis joseph schérer jean mathieu philibert sérurier joseph souham jean de dieu soult louis gabriel suchet belgrand de vaubois claude victor perrin duc de belluno french navy charles alexandre linois opposition austria józsef alvinczi archduke charles duke of teschen count of clerfayt walloon karl aloys zu fürstenberg heinrich xv prince reuss of greiz friedrich freiherr von hotze swiss friedrich adolf count von kalckreuth pál kray hungarian charles eugene prince of lambesc french maximilian baillet de latour walloon karl mack von leiberich rudolf ritter von otto saxon prince josias of saxe coburg saalfeld peter vitus von quosdanovich johann mészáros von szoboszló hungarian karl philipp sebottendorf dagobert von wurmser britain ralph abercromby james saumarez 1st baron de saumarez edward pellew 1st viscount exmouth prince frederick duke of york and albany netherlands william v prince of orange prussia charles william ferdinand duke of brunswick frederick louis prince of hohenlohe ingelfingen russia alexander korsakov alexander suvorov andrei rosenberg spain luis fermin de carvajal antonio ricardos other significant figures and factions patriotic society of 1789 jean sylvain bailly gilbert du motier marquis de lafayette françois alexandre frédéric duc de la rochefoucauld liancourt isaac rené guy le chapelier honoré gabriel riqueti comte de mirabeau emmanuel joseph sieyès charles maurice de talleyrand périgord nicolas de condorcet feuillants and monarchiens grace elliott arnaud de la porte jean sifrein maury françois marie marquis de barthélemy guillaume mathieu dumas antoine barnave lafayette alexandre théodore victor comte de lameth charles malo françois lameth andré chénier jean françois rewbell camille jordan madame de staël boissy d anglas jean charles pichegru pierre paul royer collard bertrand barère de vieuzac girondins jacques pierre brissot jean marie roland de la platière madame roland father henri grégoire étienne clavière marquis de condorcet charlotte corday marie jean hérault jean baptiste treilhard pierre victurnien vergniaud jérôme pétion de villeneuve jean debry olympe de gouges jean baptiste robert lindet louis marie de la révellière lépeaux the plain abbé sieyès de cambacérès charles françois lebrun pierre joseph cambon bertrand barère lazare nicolas marguerite carnot philippe égalité louis philippe i mirabeau antoine christophe merlin de thionville jean joseph mounier pierre samuel du pont de nemours nicolas françois de neufchâteau montagnards maximilien robespierre georges danton jean paul marat camille desmoulins louis antoine de saint just paul barras louis philippe i louis michel le peletier de saint fargeau jacques louis david marquis de sade georges couthon roger ducos jean marie collot d herbois jean henri voulland philippe antoine merlin de douai antoine quentin fouquier tinville philippe françois joseph le bas marc guillaume alexis vadier jean pierre andré amar prieur de la côte d or gilbert romme jeanbon saint andré jean lambert tallien pierre louis prieur antoine christophe saliceti hébertists and enragés jacques hébert jacques nicolas billaud varenne pierre gaspard chaumette charles philippe ronsin antoine françois momoro françois nicolas vincent françois chabot jean baptiste noël bouchotte jean baptiste joseph gobel françois hanriot jacques roux stanislas marie maillard charles philippe ronsin jean françois varlet theophile leclerc claire lacombe pauline léon gracchus babeuf sylvain maréchal others figures charles x louis xvi louis xvii louis xviii louis antoine duke of enghien louis henri prince of condé louis joseph prince of condé marie antoinette napoléon bonaparte lucien bonaparte joseph bonaparte joseph fesch joséphine de beauharnais joachim mu...