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joan curran wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 early life 2 second world war 3 later life 4 commemoration 5 notes 6 references 7 further reading toggle the table of contents joan curran 9 languages العربية čeština cymraeg euskara فارسی français հայերեն bahasa indonesia русский edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia welsh physicist 1916 1999 for the american artist see joan wadleigh curran joan curran joan curran at newnham college born joan elizabeth strothers 1916 02 26 26 february 1916 swansea wales died 10 february 1999 1999 02 10 aged 82 glasgow scotland education newnham college of university of cambridge b a m a known for invention of chaff work on proximity fuses spouse sir samuel curran m 1940 awards honorary degree of doctor of laws by the university of strathclyde scientific career workplaces cavendish laboratory telecommunications research establishment lawrence berkeley national laboratory joan lady curran born joan elizabeth strothers 26 february 1916 10 february 1999 was a welsh physicist who played important roles in the development of radar and the atomic bomb during the second world war she devised a method of releasing chaff a radar countermeasure technique credited with reducing losses among allied bomber crews she also worked on the development of the proximity fuse and the electromagnetic isotope separation process for the atomic bomb in 1954 she became a founding member of the scottish society for the parents of mentally handicapped children early life edit joan elizabeth strothers was born on 26 february 1916 in swansea wales the daughter of an optician charles william strothers and his wife margaret beatrice née millington 1 she was educated at swansea girls high school and in 1934 won an open scholarship to newnham college cambridge 2 in 1935 she rowed for the ladies university eight 3 in the first real women s boat race against oxford 4 she gained an honours degree in physics 5 mailed to her as a certificate before the unanimously agreed change to the rules in december 1947 to confer full membership women were denied the honour of graduating with a full cambridge degree that would make them members of the university 6 in her seventies in 1987 she was honoured with the degree of doctor of laws honoris causa by the university of strathclyde 5 strothers who had the scientific equivalent of gardening green fingers 2 was awarded a government grant to study for a higher degree and elected to go to the cavendish laboratory at cambridge where she joined sam curran in a team under the direction of philip dee 2 she soon established a reputation for extreme dexterity and being outstandingly neat and skilful in the deployment of equipment 2 in 1939 dee proposed that the team spend a month at the royal aircraft establishment at farnborough airfield they arrived on 1 september 1939 two days later britain declared war on germany and thus entered the second world war 7 second world war edit instead of returning to the cavendish the team moved to exeter where dee and three others worked on developing rockets as anti aircraft weapons while strothers and curran joined a group under john coles working on the development of the proximity fuse 7 strothers was based at leeson house and durnford school 8 she and curran developed a workable fuse which was codenamed vt an acronym of variable time fuse the system was a small short range doppler radar that used a clever circuit however britain lacked the capacity to mass produce the fuse 7 so the design was shown to the united states by the tizard mission in late 1940 9 the americans perfected and mass produced the fuse 10 in due course these proximity fuses arrived in the united kingdom where they played an important part in the defence of the kingdom against the v 1 flying bomb 7 a lancaster dropping chaff the crescent shaped white cloud on the left of the picture over essen during a thousand bomber raid strothers married curran on 7 november 1940 soon afterwards they were transferred to the telecommunications research establishment near swanage where sam worked on centimetric radar while joan joined the counter measures group in an adjoining lab 11 it was with this group at swanage and later at malvern that joan devised the technique that was codenamed window which is also known as chaff 12 she tried various types of radar reflectors including wires and sheets before settling on strips of tin foil 1 to 2 centimetres 0 39 to 0 79 in wide and 25 centimetres 9 8 in long that could be scattered from bombers thus disrupting the enemy s radar 13 window was first employed in operation gomorrah a series of raids on hamburg and resulted in a much lower loss rate than usual 14 as part of operation taxable on 5 6 june 1944 window was dropped by avro lancasters of 617 squadron to synthesise a phantom invasion force of ships in the straits of dover and keep the germans unsure as to whether the brunt of the allied assault would fall on normandy or in the pas de calais area 15 r v jones later declared in my opinion joan curran made an even greater contribution to victory in 1945 than sam 2 in early 1944 the currans were part of a group of british scientists invited to go to the us to take part in the manhattan project the allied project to develop an atomic bomb 16 they joined the british mission at the berkeley radiation laboratory in california headed by mark oliphant 17 a distinguished australian scientist that joan knew from the cavendish laboratory 7 oliphant also acted as de facto deputy to ernest lawrence the director of the radiation laboratory 17 the mission of the laboratory was to develop the electromagnetic isotope separation process to create enriched uranium for use in atomic bombs 18 19 while at berkeley joan gave birth to her first child a daughter sheena who was born severely mentally handicapped 2 they later had three sons all of whom went on to complete a phd 1 later life edit after the war ended sam took up an offer from dee to become professor of natural philosophy at glasgow university 18 in glasgow the currans together with a few friends in 1954 set up the scottish society for the parents of mentally handicapped children enable which eventually grew to 100 branches and more than 5000 members later when joan was a member of the greater glasgow health board and the scottish special housing association the needs of the disabled were always at the forefront of her mind and she did much to promote their welfare she took a close interest in the work of the council for access for the disabled and helped improve the range of facilities especially for disabled university students 2 5 sam worked at the atomic weapons research establishment at aldermaston on the development of the british hydrogen bomb from 1955 to 1959 he returned to glasgow in 1959 as principal of the royal college of science and technology when it became the university of strathclyde in 1964 the first new university in scotland in 384 years he became its first principal and vice chancellor 20 while her husband was principal joan founded the strathclyde women s group and became its president 5 joan curran was awarded an honorary degree of doctor of letters from the university of strathclyde in 1987 21 22 during the war the polish 1st armoured division had been based in scotland establishing ties between the community and poland joan promoted a special relationship with the technical university of lodz and also devoted care and attention to the children s hospital of that city later she established the lady curran endowment fund for overseas particularly polish students 2 sam died on 25 february 1998 1 while gravely ill with cancer in 1998 joan unveiled a memorial plaque in barony hall glasgow to commemorate her husband and it was announced that the walled garden at ross priory on loch lomondside was to be named in her honour and the joan curran summer house would be built there 2 joan died on 10 february 1999 and was cremated at the daldowie crematorium her daughter sheena three sons and three grandsons survived her 1 commemoration edit in 2025 curran was one of ten women who played vital roles during world war ii to be commemorated in a silhouette statue created by standing with giants for the women of war exhibition at lincoln s international bomber command centre 23 notes edit 1 2 3 4 fletcher bill joan elizabeth curran lady curran 1916 1999 oxford dictionary of national biography online ed oxford university press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 71958 subscription wikipedia library access or uk public library membership required 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 dalyell tam 19 february 1999 obituary joan curran the independent archived from the original on 9 june 2022 retrieved 14 march 2015 ncbc captain s log book 1935 newnham college archives the bny mellon boat races origin boat race company archived from the original on 13 april 2019 retrieved 15 march 2015 1 2 3 4 fletcher bill 16 february 1999 lady curran the herald glasgow retrieved 14 march 2015 chambers suzanna 31 may 1999 at last a degree of honour for 900 cambridge women the independent archived from the original on 9 june 2022 retrieved 14 march 2015 1 2 3 4 5 fletcher 1999 p 98 latham stobbs 1999 p 196 zimmerman 1996 pp 119 120 brown 1999 pp 174 180 fletcher 1999 pp 99 100 jones 1978 pp 40 291 292 jones 1978 pp 291 292 jones 1978 pp 300 301 302 bateman 2009 pp 67 69 turner robin 8 january 2015 swansea scientist joan made a huge difference to the world and should not be forgotten wales online archived from the original on 7 may 2019 retrieved 3 may 2015 1 2 gowing 1964 pp 256 260 1 2 fletcher 1999 pp 100 101 joan e curran atomic heritage foundation archived from the original on 19 february 2020 retrieved 21 february 2021 fletcher 1999 pp 102 103 curran joan elizabeth lady curran 1916 1999 scientist university of strathclyde archives atom lib strath ac uk archived from the original on 10 december 2022 retrieved 21 february 2021 archives special collections strathclyde stratharchives tumblr com archived from the original on 12 march 2022 retrieved 21 february 2021 remarkable women of ww2 to be celebrated by bomber command centre bbc news 8 march 2025 archived from the original on 20 september 2025 retrieved 17 october 2025 references edit bateman alex 2009 no 617 dambusters sqn oxford osprey publishing isbn 978 1 84603 429 9 oclc 1100841914 brown louis 1999 technical and military imperatives a radar history of world war ii new york taylor francis isbn 978 0 7503 0659 1 oclc 1066683884 fletcher william 1 november 1999 sir samuel crowe curran 23 may 1912 25 february 1998 biographical memoirs of fellows of the royal society 45 95 109 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1999 0041 issn 0080 4606 gowing margaret 1964 britain and atomic energy 1935 1945 london macmillan publishing oclc 3195209 reprinted 2001 isbn 978 0 333 02685 4 jones r v 1978 most secret war london hamilton isbn 978 0 241 89746 1 oclc 644298217 via internet archive latham colin stobbs anne 1999 pioneers of radar stroud gloucestershire sutton isbn 978 0 7509 2120 6 oclc 1194912122 via internet archive contributions from sir samuel and lady curran pp 194 197 zimmerman david 1996 top secret exchange the tizard mission and the scientific war montreal mcgill queen s university press isbn 978 0 7735 6597 5 oclc 884280512 further reading edit fischer hwang irena 28 november 2018 the woman whose invention helped win a war and still baffles weathermen smithsonian magazine portals biography history of science nuclear technology retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title joan_curran oldid 1372020579 categories 1916 births 1999 deaths 20th century welsh scientists 20th century welsh women scientists alumni of newnham college cambridge deaths from cancer in scotland manhattan project people people associated with radar scientists from swansea weapons scientists and engineers welsh physicists welsh women physicists wives of knights women on the manhattan project 20th century british physicists 20th century british women physicists hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata good articles use dmy dates from february 2025 use british english from august 2012 all wikipedia articles written in british english articles with hcards wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the odnb pages using cite odnb with id parameter this page was last edited on 29 august 2026 at 21 41 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents joan curran 9 languages add topic