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000 (433), the (75), and (42), labor (40), growth (29), #employment (28), population (24), job (23), age (22), unemployment (21), work (18), #jobless (16), income (16), force (16), labour (13), over (13), statistics (12), working (12), collar (12), recovery (11), for (11), bureau (11), years (11), retrieved (10), wage (10), workplace (10), leave (10), edit (10), basic (9), from (9), occupational (9), new (9), decade (9), united (8), economic (8), also (8), rate (8), party (8), series (8), level (8), wikipedia (7), this (7), states (7), 2014 (7), march (7), not (7), universal (6), recession (6), retirement (6), pay (6), time (6), productivity (6), year (6), professional (6), bls (6), employed (6), 2013 (6), table (5), search (5), page (5), title (5), aspects (5), jobs (5), employee (5), hour (5), career (5), education (5), current (5), has (5), yrs (5), civilian (5), noninstitutional (5), 140 (5), 137 (5), 121 (5), 114 (5), 110 (5), levels (5), those (5), are (5), that (5), contents 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denotes, datum, used, produce, calculation, source, bold, 611, 1900s, pop, pre, comparisons, 152, 820, 343, 205, 837, 254, 552, 149, 667, 251, 2015, 050, 203, 342, 685, 249, 675, 423, 246, 745, 412, 060, 695, 788, 681, 200, 220, 364, 240, 2011, 783, 159, 045, 238, 889, 048, 760, 953, 198, 924, 084, 513, 235, 035, 2008, 196, 464, 617, 081, 267, 230, 2006, 263, 192, 227, 425, 2005, 278, 189, 224, 640, 711, 556, 188, 077, 432, 351, 248, 599, 737, 004, 741, 2002, 969, 182, 492, 823, 216, 315, 602, 180, 736, 984, 134, 696, 591, 538, 832, 877, 732, 995, 275, 206, 270, 1998, 852, 933, 785, 071, 098, 1997, 096, 807, 734, 636, 1996, 460, 676, 167, 879, 629, 1995, 088, 641, 729, 1994, 578, 010, 195, 1993, 649, 341, 388, 396, 1992, 395, 161, 1991, 854, 256, 564, 453, 017, 335, 698, 470, 462, 187, 1989, 264, 875, 185, 402, 1988, 258, 1987, 588, 153, 756, 1986, 063, 179, 1985, 797, 049, 150, 594, 177, 306, 1984, 175, 1983, 971, 849, 1982, 634, 928, 057, 171, 1981, 672, 907, 579, 286, 597, 168, 883, 1980, 291, 011, 002, 569, 067, 1979, 663, 006, 669, 822, 450, 272, 1978, 503, 874, 377, 1977, 059, 850, 129, 309, 438, 1976, 009, 680, 689, 154, 589, 1975, 375, 494, 1974, 390, 943, 536, 479, 1973, 515, 424, 229, 145, 446, 1972, 005, 122, 061, 605, 666, 1971, 032, 651, 327, 529, 1970, 817, 720, 069, 789, 772, 664, 825, 489, 1969, 613, 086, 699, 500, 120, 1968, 307, 030, 337, 1967, 708, 600, 870, 860, 730, 1966, 819, 1965, 630, 913, 543, 1964, 026, 014, 123, 360, 1963, 764, 585, 356, 880, 1962, 646, 885, 531, 353, 861, 1961, 287, 493, 001, 1960, 024, 927, 559, 040, 411, 608, 429, 1958, 089, 598, 497, 516, 1957, 406, 311, 215, 526, 1956, 055, 371, 1955, 963, 372, 520, 1954, 914, 882, 257, 623, 1953, 478, 812, 1952, 858, 810, 1951, 507, 338, 534, 872, 333, 524, 906, 554, 587, 881, percent, emp, examined, suffered, compared, following, chart, depicts, retirements, removed, factor, consideration, corresponding, dating, groups, then, determined, subtracting, respectively, into, traditional, 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2 791 000 87 059 000 1977 160 377 000 22 874 000 137 503 000 94 183 000 2 903 000 91 280 000 1978 163 272 000 23 450 000 139 822 000 97 669 000 3 006 000 94 663 000 1979 166 300 000 24 067 000 142 233 000 25 569 000 100 013 000 3 002 000 97 011 000 21 291 000 83 27 1980 168 883 000 24 597 000 144 286 000 99 579 000 2 907 000 96 672 000 1981 171 166 000 25 109 000 146 057 000 99 562 000 2 928 000 96 634 000 1982 173 199 000 25 619 000 147 580 000 98 849 000 2 878 000 95 971 000 1983 175 121 000 26 160 000 148 961 000 102 803 000 2 878 000 99 925 000 1984 177 306 000 26 712 000 150 594 000 106 049 000 2 797 000 103 252 000 1985 179 112 000 27 266 000 151 846 000 108 063 000 2 841 000 105 222 000 1986 181 547 000 27 791 000 153 756 000 110 588 000 2 909 000 107 679 000 1987 183 620 000 28 362 000 155 258 000 113 679 000 3 126 000 110 553 000 1988 185 402 000 28 875 000 156 527 000 115 978 000 3 264 000 112 714 000 1989 187 165 000 29 462 000 157 703 000 15 470 000 117 698 000 3 352 000 114 346 000 17 335 000 112 06 1990 190 017 000 29 453 000 160 564 000 118 110 000 3 256 000 114 854 000 1991 191 798 000 29 893 000 161 905 000 117 395 000 3 193 000 114 202 000 1992 193 784 000 30 396 000 163 388 000 118 990 000 3 341 000 115 649 000 1993 195 794 000 30 784 000 165 010 000 121 578 000 3 394 000 118 184 000 1994 197 765 000 31 181 000 166 584 000 124 729 000 3 641 000 121 088 000 1995 199 508 000 31 629 000 167 879 000 125 136 000 3 676 000 121 460 000 1996 201 636 000 31 902 000 169 734 000 127 903 000 3 807 000 124 096 000 1997 204 098 000 32 071 000 172 027 000 130 785 000 3 933 000 126 852 000 1998 206 270 000 32 275 000 173 995 000 132 732 000 3 855 000 128 877 000 1999 208 832 000 32 538 000 176 294 000 18 591 000 134 696 000 3 984 000 130 712 000 16 366 000 88 03 2000 213 736 000 33 590 000 180 146 000 137 846 000 4 244 000 133 602 000 2001 216 315 000 33 823 000 182 492 000 136 269 000 4 300 000 131 969 000 2002 218 741 000 34 004 000 184 737 000 136 599 000 4 248 000 132 351 000 2003 222 509 000 34 432 000 188 077 000 138 556 000 4 711 000 133 845 000 2004 224 640 000 34 796 000 189 844 000 140 278 000 4 902 000 135 376 000 2005 227 425 000 35 208 000 192 217 000 142 918 000 5 263 000 137 655 000 2006 230 108 000 35 841 000 194 267 000 146 081 000 5 617 000 140 464 000 2007 233 156 000 36 603 000 196 553 000 146 334 000 5 787 000 140 547 000 2008 235 035 000 37 522 000 197 513 000 143 350 000 6 084 000 137 266 000 2009 236 924 000 38 362 000 198 562 000 22 268 000 137 953 000 6 193 000 131 760 000 1 048 000 4 71 2010 238 889 000 39 045 000 199 844 000 139 159 000 6 376 000 132 783 000 2011 240 584 000 40 364 000 200 220 000 140 681 000 6 893 000 133 788 000 2012 244 350 000 42 695 000 201 655 000 143 060 000 7 412 000 135 648 000 2013 246 745 000 44 155 000 202 590 000 144 423 000 7 748 000 136 675 000 2014 249 027 000 45 685 000 203 342 000 147 190 000 8 140 000 139 050 000 2015 251 936 000 47 269 000 204 667 000 149 703 000 8 552 000 141 151 000 2016 254 742 000 48 837 000 205 905 000 7 343 000 151 798 000 8 820 000 142 978 000 11 218 000 152 77 pre and post 2000 comparisons working age pop growth employment growth 1900s 1950 to 1999 82 961 000 75 926 000 91 52 2000s 2000 to 2016 29 611 000 12 266 000 41 42 bold denotes datum used to produce working age growth decade calculation decade example end of year 1949 to end of year 1959 source bureau of labor statistics current population survey 10 series id lnu00000000 not seasonally adjusted series title unadj population level labor force status civilian noninstitutional population age 16 years and over series id lnu02000000 not seasonally adjusted series title unadj employment level labor force status employed age 16 years and over series id lnu00000097 not seasonally adjusted series title unadj population level 65 yrs over labor force status civilian noninstitutional population age 65 years and over series id lnu02000097 not seasonally adjusted series title unadj employment level 65 yrs over labor force status employed age 65 years and over see also edit deindustrialization employment to population ratio ghost job global labor arbitrage involuntary unemployment lost decades offshoring structural unemployment notes and references edit industry adopts political planks for new deal war old order is upheld new york times 6 december 1935 retrieved 10 november 2013 pay articles from december 1935 part 7 site map the new york smith lisa 2010 08 17 jobless recovery the new normal since 1990 investopedia retrieved 2016 08 17 automatic reaction the economist 2010 09 09 easterly william 2001 the elusive quest for growth economists adventures and misadventures in the tropics cambridge massachusetts mit press pp 53 54 isbn 0 262 55042 3 surowiecki james 2010 12 26 the jobs crisis the new yorker issn 0028 792x erica l groshen simon potter aug 2003 has structural change contributed to a jobless recovery federal reserve bank of new york who broke america s jobs machine why creeping consolidation is crushing american livelihoods by barry c lynn and phillip longman washington monthly camerota ph d stephen a october 2004 a jobless recovery immigrant gains and native losses center for immigration studies retrieved 2 march 2014 between march of 2000 and 2004 the number of unemployed adult natives increased by 2 3 million while the number of employed adult immigrants increased by 2 3 million peri giovanni immigration labor markets and productivity pdf cato journal vol 32 no 1 winter 2012 archived from the original pdf on 9 october 2012 retrieved 2 march 2014 in this case firms pay immigrants less than their marginal productivity increasing the firms profits such cost savings on immigrants act as an increase in productivity for firms 1 2 3 bureau of labor statistics current population survey bureau of labor statistics retrieved 9 november 2013 1 2 toossi mitra 1 december 2013 labor force projections to 2022 the labor force participation rate continues to fall pdf bureau of labor statistics retrieved 1 march 2014 glossary labor force bureau of labor statistics retrieved 2 march 2014 labor force current population survey the labor force includes all persons classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the definitions contained in this glossary economic news release household data table a 15 alternative measures of labor underutilization bureau of labor statistics retrieved 2 march 2014 bls information frequently asked questions faqs bureau of labor statistics retrieved 2 march 2014 external links edit exploding productivity growth context causes and implications v t e universal basic income topics topics basic income models citizen s dividend economic security freedom dividend guaranteed minimum income jobless recovery mincome negative income tax real freedom right to an adequate standard of living technological unemployment universal basic income pilots universal inheritance organizations basic income alliance basic income earth network basic income party breakthrough party enhet fusion party génération s green party left alliance livre mein grundeinkommen mera25 party of humanists people animals nature pirate party podemos political party for basic income recivitas sustainable australia party vivant volt europa advocates historic tony atkinson c h douglas milton friedman stephen hawking ailsa mckay james meade thomas paine juliet rhys williams anthony barber contemporary tim berners lee rutger bregman étienne chouard harry f dahms uffe elbæk andré gorz louise haagh yong hye in sepp kusstatscher annie lowrey guy standing eduardo suplicy philippe van parijs carole pateman christopher pissarides claus offe katja kipping götz werner richard david precht valter mutt annika lillemets osmo soininvaara li andersson susanne wiest birger schlaug christian engström benoît hamon björn wahlroos karl widerquist andrew yang related programs alaska permanent fund asignación universal por hijo brazil bolsa família auxílio brasil iranian subsidy reform plan omitara quatinga velho social dividend by region brazil canada germany india japan netherlands nordic countries united kingdom united states global works agrarian justice pamphlet bullshit jobs book inventing the future postcapitalism and a world without work monograph the war on normal people book utopia for realists book v t e employment classifications academic tenure casual contingent work full time job gig worker job sharing part time job self employment side job skilled worker journeyman technician tradesperson independent contractor labour hire temporary work laborer wage labour hiring application background check business networking cover letter curriculum vitae drug testing employment contract employment counsellor executive search list induction programme job fair job fraud job hunting job interview letter of recommendation onboarding overqualification person environment fit personality job fit theory personality hire probation realistic job preview recruitment résumé simultaneous recruiting of new graduates underemployment work at home scheme roles cooperative employee employer internship job labour hire permanent employment supervisor volunteering working class blue collar green collar grey collar pink collar precariat white collar red collar new collar no collar orange collar scarlet collar black collar gold collar career and training apprenticeship artisan master craftsman avocation career assessment career counseling career development coaching creative class education continuing education e learning employability further education graduate school induction training knowledge worker licensure lifelong learning overspecialization practice based professional learning professional association professional certification professional development professional school reflective practice retraining vocational education vocational school vocational university mentorship occupational outlook handbook practice firm profession operator professional tradesman vocation attendance break break room career break coffee badging compassionate leave bereavement leave furlough gap year leave of absence long service leave no call no show sabbatical sick guilt sick leave stress leave tardiness time clock schedules four day week eight hour day 35 hour workweek 996 working hour system flextime hybrid creep on call overtime remote work return to office rto six hour day shift work working time workweek and weekend wages and salaries decoupling of wages from productivity frisch elasticity of labor supply global labor arbitrage labour economics labor share labour supply living wage maximum wage median income minimum wage canada hong kong europe united states national average salary world europe pay bands price elasticity of demand progressive wage singapore overtime rate paid time off performance related pay remuneration salary cap wage growth benefits annual leave casual friday child care disability insurance health insurance life insurance marriage leave parental leave pension by country perk cession sick leave united states take home vehicle well being washing taxes payroll tax tax bracket income tax negative disposable income salary packaging unreported employment safety and health crunch epilepsy and employment human factors and ergonomics karoshi list of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents occupational burnout occupational disease occupational exposure limit occupational health psychology occupational injury occupational noise occupational stress personal protective equipment repetitive strain injury right to sit united states sick building syndrome work accident occupational fatality workers compensation workers right to access the toilet workplace health promotion workplace phobia workplace wellness equal opportunity affirmative action discrimination equal pay for equal work gender pay gap glass ceiling infractions corporate collapses and scandals accounting scandal control fraud corporate behaviour corporate crime exploitation of labour dress code employee handbook employee monitoring evaluation labour law sexual harassment sleeping while on duty wage theft whistleblower workplace bullying workplace harassment workplace incivility willingness boreout careerism civil conscription conscription critique of work dead end job employment rate list job satisfaction mcjob organizational commitment refusal of work slavery bonded labour human trafficking labour camp penal labour peonage truck wages unfree labour wage slavery stay interview workforce work ethic work life interface downshifting slow living workaholic termination at will employment dismissal banishment room constructive dismissal wrongful dismissal employee offboarding employee turnover exit interview labour market flexibility layoff xiagang notice period pink slip resignation letter of resignation restructuring retirement mandatory retirement retirement planning retirement spend down severance package golden handshake golden parachute unemployment barriers to entry discouraged worker economic depression great depression long depression frictional unemployment full employment graduate unemployment involuntary unemployment jobless recovery neet phillips curve recession great recession job losses caused by the great recession lists of recessions recession proof job reserve army of labour structural unemployment technological unemployment types of unemployment unemployment benefits unemployment convention 1919 unemployment extension list of countries by unemployment rate wage curve youth unemployment public programs workfare unemployment insurance make work job job creation program job creation index job guarantee employer of last resort guaranteed minimum income right to work historical u s a civil works administration works progress administration comprehensive employment and training act see also bullshit job busy work credentialism and educational inflation emotional labor evil corporation going postal kiss up kick down labor rights make work job narcissism in the workplace post work society presenteeism psychopathy in the workplace sunday scaries slow movement culture toxic leader toxic workplace wage compression working poor workhouse see also templates aspects of corporations aspects of jobs aspects of occupations aspects of organizations aspects of workplaces corporate titles critique of work organized labor retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title jobless_recovery oldid 1348629180 categories impact of automation universal basic income economic growth unemployment unemployment in the united states hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata this page was last edited on 13 april 2026 at 15 43 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use 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