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history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikispecies wikisource wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia american botanist 1796 1873 not to be confused with john tory torr redirects here for other uses see torr john torrey daguerreotype of john torrey 1840 born august 15 1796 new york city new york died march 10 1873 1873 03 10 aged 76 new york city new york education columbia university college of physicians and surgeons awards united states assay commission medal of 1874 scientific career fields botany medicine chemistry author abbrev botany torr signature john torrey august 15 1796 march 10 1873 was an american botanist chemist and medical doctor throughout much of his career he was a teacher of chemistry often at multiple universities while he also pursued botanical work 1 focusing on the flora of north america his most renowned works include studies of the new york flora the mexican boundary the pacific railroad surveys and the uncompleted flora of north america biography edit torrey was born in new york city in 1796 the second child of capt william and margaret née nichols torrey 2 he showed a fondness for mechanics and at one time planned to become a machinist 3 when he was 15 or 16 his father received an appointment to the state prison at greenwich village new york where he was tutored by amos eaton then a prisoner and later a pioneer of natural history studies in america he thus learned the elements of botany and something of mineralogy and chemistry in 1815 he began studying medicine with wright post and qualified in 1818 4 he opened a medical practice in new york city while devoting his leisure to botany and other scientific pursuits 3 john torrey as a young man in 1817 he became one of the founders of the new york lyceum of natural history now the new york academy of science and one of his first contributions to this body was his catalogue of plants growing spontaneously within thirty miles of the city of new york albany 1819 its publication gained for him the recognition of foreign and native botanists in 1824 he issued the only volume of his flora of the northern and middle states 3 this used john lindley s system of classifying flora a way of classifying that was not commonly used in the united states he found the medical profession uncongenial and on august 5 1824 he entered the united states army as an assistant surgeon and became acting professor of chemistry and geology at west point military academy three years later he became professor of chemistry and botany in the college of physicians and surgeons new york the medical school of columbia university where he stayed until 1855 when he was made professor emeritus he was also professor of chemistry at princeton 1830 1854 and of chemistry mineralogy and botany at the university of the city of new york 1832 3 he resigned from his army position on august 31 1828 3 in 1835 he was elected a member of the american philosophical society 5 in 1836 he was appointed botanist to the state of new york and produced his flora of that state in 1843 while from 1838 to 1843 he carried on the publication of the earlier portions of flora of north america with the assistance of his pupil asa gray 6 from 1853 he was chief assayer to the united states assay office in new york city when that office was established but he continued to take an interest in botanical teaching until his death 4 he was frequently consulted by the treasury department on matters pertaining to the coinage and currency and was sent on special missions at various times to visit the different mints he was elected an associate fellow of the american academy of arts and sciences in 1856 3 7 in 1856 torrey was chosen a trustee of columbia college and in 1860 having presented the college with his herbarium numbering about 50 000 specimens he was made emeritus professor of chemistry and botany on the consolidation of the college of physicians and surgeons with columbia in 1860 he was chosen one of its trustees his advice was frequently sought on scientific subjects by various corporations 3 he was the first president of the torrey botanical club in 1873 besides being the last surviving charter member of the lyceum of natural history he held its vice presidency for several years and was president in 1824 26 and 1838 holding the same office in the american association for the advancement of science in 1855 and he was one of the original members of the national academy of sciences of the united states being named as such by act of the united states congress in 1863 the degree of a m was conferred on him by yale in 1823 and that of ll d by amherst in 1845 3 john torrey in 1869 torrey died at his home in new york city on march 10 1873 he was buried in the family plot at long hill cemetery stirling new jersey 2 private life edit torrey married eliza shaw on april 20 1824 they had three daughters and a son herbert who became united states assayer 2 publications edit torrey s earliest publications in the american journal of science are on mineralogy in 1820 he undertook the examination of the plants that had been collected around the headwaters of the mississippi by david b douglass during the same year he received the collections made by edwin james while with the expedition that was sent out to the rocky mountains under major stephen h long his report was the earliest treatise of its kind in the united states that was arranged on the natural system torrey in the meantime had planned a flora of the northern and middle united states or a systematic arrangement and description of all the plants heretofore discovered in the united states north of virginia and in 1824 began its publication in parts but it was soon suspended owing to the general adoption of the natural system of antoine laurent de jussieu in place of that of carl linnaeus in 1836 on the organization of the geological survey of new york he was appointed botanist and required to prepare a flora of the state his report consisting of two quarto volumes was issued in 1843 and was for a long time the most comprehensive for any state in the united states in 1838 he began with asa gray the flora of north america which was issued in numbers irregularly until 1843 when they had completed the compositae but new botanical material accumulated at such a rapid rate that it was deemed best to discontinue it 3 subsequently torrey published reports on the plants that were collected by john c frémont in the expedition to the rocky mountains 1845 those gathered by major william h emory on his reconnaissance from fort leavenworth kansas to san diego california 1848 the specimens secured by captain howard stansbury on his expedition to the great salt lake of utah 1852 the plants collected by john c frémont in california 1853 those brought back from the red river of louisiana by captain randolph b marcy 1853 and the botany of captain lorenzo sitgreaves s expedition to the zuni and colorado rivers 1854 also memoirs on the botany of the various expeditions for the purpose of determining the most practicable route for a pacific railroad 1855 1860 3 he reported on the botany of the mexican boundary survey 1859 that of the expedition upon the colorado river under lieutenant joseph c ives 1861 and in association with asa gray the botanical collections of the wilkes exploring expedition the last was in his hands at the time of his death its publication having been delayed by the civil war 3 his bibliography is extensive including contributions on botanical subjects to scientific periodicals and to the transactions of the societies of which he was a member 3 plant taxa named by torrey edit main page category taxa named by john torrey the standard author abbreviation torr is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 8 legacy edit bas relief portrait of john torrey torrey s name is commemorated in the small coniferous genus torreya found in north america china and japan some species within this genus include t taxifolia a native of florida is known as the florida torreya 9 or stinking cedar 10 t californica also known as california nutmeg 11 or california torreya although not closely related to true nutmeg t nucifera a coniferous tree native to southern japan and to south korea s jeju island t grandis a conifer endemic to eastern and south eastern china p torreyana an endangered species from southern california is also named after the botanist torrey first described the carnivorous plant darlingtonia californica which he named after his friend dr william darlington 12 torrey canyon in ventura county california was named for him as was torreys peak in colorado near grays peak named after his pupil and friend asa gray 13 a bronze bas relief portrait of torrey is mounted in the main building of the lamont doherty earth observatory of columbia university a former site of dr torrey s summer home 14 a similar portrait is owned by the brooklyn botanic garden in 2017 the torrey botanical society started by colleagues of john torrey celebrated its 150th birthday it is the oldest botanical society in the americas torreys peak a fourteen thousand foot mountain in colorado was named for torrey references edit rodgers andrew denny john torrey a story of north american botany princeton 1942 1 2 3 robbins c c 1968 john torrey 1796 1873 his life times bulletin of the torrey botanical club vol 95 no nov 6 dec 1968 515 645 torrey botanical club new york 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 one or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain wilson j g fiske j eds 1889 torrey john appletons cyclopædia of american biography new york d appleton 1 2 one or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 torrey john encyclopædia britannica vol 27 11th ed cambridge university press p 61 aps member history search amphilsoc org retrieved april 8 2021 dupree a hunter 1988 asa gray american botanist friend of darwin baltimore md johns hopkins university press pp 33 36 isbn 978 0 801 83741 8 book of members 1780 2010 chapter t pdf american academy of arts and sciences retrieved april 15 2011 international plant names index torr usda plants database stinking cedar united states botanic garden archived from the original on april 17 2021 retrieved june 15 2016 nrcs torreya californica plants database united states department of agriculture usda retrieved december 11 2015 an obituary notice of dr william darlington proceedings of the american philosophical society 9 70 1863 330 42 gannett henry 1905 the origin of certain place names in the united states vol 258 2 ed washington dc united states geological survey pp 142 302 john torrey 1796 1873 his life and times bulletin of the torrey botanical club 95 6 1968 515 645 external links edit biography portal works by or about john torrey at wikisource wikimedia commons has media related to a flora of the state of new york torrey john a flora of the state of new york comprising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hitherto discovered in the state with remarks on their economical and medicinal properties albany carroll and cook printers to the assembly 1843 a two volume set with color plates digitized by the new york state library the john torrey papers at the archive of the new york botanical garden includes correspondence letters manuscripts and artwork 1840 photograph of torrey harvard university library john torrey at find a grave additional publications online edit botanic contributions relating to the flora of western north america by gray engelmann torrey and frémont 1843 53 a compendium of the flora of the northern and middle states containing generic and specific descriptions of all the plants exclusive of the cryptogamia hitherto found in the united states north of the potomac 1826 a flora of north america containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing north of mexico arranged according to the natural system by john torrey and asa gray 1838 1843 two volumes an introduction to the natural system of botany 1831 with john lindley on the darlingtonia californica a new pitcher plant from northern california by john torrey 1853 report on the united states and mexican boundary survey made under the direction of the secretary of the interior by william h emory major first cavalry and united states commissioner 1857 1859 part 1 part 2 torrey et al v t e presidents of the american association for the advancement of science 1848 1875 william charles redfield 1848 joseph henry 1849 alexander dallas bache 1850 louis agassiz 1851 benjamin peirce 1852 james d dana 1854 john torrey 1855 james hall 1856 alexis caswell 1857 jacob whitman bailey 1857 jeffries wyman 1858 stephen alexander 1859 isaac lea 1860 frederick a p barnard 1866 john strong newberry 1867 benjamin apthorp gould 1868 john wells foster 1869 thomas sterry hunt 1870 william chauvenet 1870 asa gray 1871 j lawrence smith 1872 joseph lovering 1873 john lawrence leconte 1874 julius erasmus hilgard 1875 1876 1900 william barton rogers 1876 simon newcomb 1877 othniel charles marsh 1878 george frederick barker 1879 lewis h morgan 1880 george jarvis brush 1881 john william dawson 1882 charles augustus young 1883 peter lesley 1884 hubert a newton 1885 edward s morse 1886 samuel langley 1887 john wesley powell 1888 thomas corwin mendenhall 1889 george lincoln goodale 1890 albert benjamin prescott 1891 joseph leconte 1892 william harkness 1893 daniel garrison brinton 1894 edward w morley 1895 theodore gill 1896 edward drinker cope 1896 oliver wolcott gibbs 1897 william john mcgee 1897 frederic ward putnam 1898 grove karl gilbert 1899 marcus benjamin 1899 edward orton sr 1899 robert simpson woodward 1900 1901 1925 charles sedgwick minot 1901 ira remsen 1902 asaph hall 1902 carroll d wright 1903 william gilson farlow 1904 calvin m woodward 1905 william h welch 1906 edward leamington nichols 1907 thomas chrowder chamberlin 1908 david starr jordan 1909 albert a michelson 1910 charles edwin bessey 1911 edward charles pickering 1912 edmund beecher wilson 1913 charles william eliot 1914 william wallace campbell 1915 charles r van hise 1916 theodore william richards 1917 john merle coulter 1918 simon flexner 1919 leland ossian howard 1920 e h moore 1921 j playfair mcmurrich 1922 charles doolittle walcott 1923 james mckeen cattell 1924 mihajlo pupin 1925 1926 1950 liberty hyde bailey 1926 arthur amos noyes 1927 henry fairfield osborn 1928 robert andrews millikan 1929 thomas hunt morgan 1930 franz boas 1931 john jacob abel 1932 henry norris russell 1933 edward thorndike 1934 karl taylor compton 19...