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iberté la presse la nation française le quotidien de paris minute présent related topics archeofuturism clerical philosophers maurrassisme in argentina miscellaneous right politics of france anarchism communism far left far right liberalism remigration sinistrisme sovereigntist right tocqueville effect conservatism portal france portal v t e at the bourbon restoration of 1814 he at once declared for the royalist principles he was mayor of toulouse in 1814 15 and deputy for the haute garonne in the ultra royalist chambre introuvable of 1815 2 villèle who before the promulgation of the charter had written some observations sur le projet de constitution opposing it as too democratic in character naturally took his place on the extreme right with the ultra royalists in the new chamber of 1816 villèle s party was in a minority but his personal authority nevertheless increased he was looked on by the ministerialists as the least unreasonable of his party and by the ultras as the safest of their leaders 2 under the electoral law of 1817 the abbé grégoire who was popularly supposed to have voted for the death of louis xvi in the convention was admitted to the chamber of deputies the conservative party gained strength from the alarm raised by this incident and still more from the shock caused by the assassination of the duc de berry the duc de richelieu was compelled to admit to the cabinet two of the chiefs of the ultras villèle and corbière villèle resigned within a year but on the fall of richelieu at the end of 1821 he became the real chief of the new cabinet in which he was minister of finance 2 although not himself a courtier he was backed at court by sosthene de la rochefoucauld and madame du cayla and in 1822 louis xviii gave him the title of count and made him formally prime minister he immediately proceeded to muzzle opposition by stringent press laws and the discovery of minor liberal conspiracies afforded an excuse for further repression forced against his will into interference in spain by mathieu de montmorency and chateaubriand he contrived to reap some credit for the monarchy from the successful campaign of 1823 2 meanwhile he had consolidated the royal power by persuading louis xviii to swamp the liberal majority in the upper house by the nomination of twenty seven new peers he availed himself of the temporary popularity of the monarchy after the spanish campaign to summon a new chamber of deputies this new and obedient legislature to which only nineteen liberals were returned made itself into a septennial parliament thus providing time it was thought to restore some part of the ancien regime villèle s plans were assisted by the death of louis xviii and the accession of his brother charles x a staunch believer in absolute monarchy prudent financial administration since 1815 had made possible the conversion of the state bonds from 5 to 3 it was proposed to utilize the money set free by this operation to indemnify by a billion francs le milliard des émigrés the émigrés for the loss of their lands at the revolution it was also proposed to restore their former privileges to the religious congregations 2 both these propositions were with some restrictions secured sacrilege was made a crime punishable by death with the 1825 anti sacrilege act loi contre le blasphème and the ministry were preparing a law to alter the law of equal inheritance and thus create anew the great estates these measures roused violent opposition in the country which a new and stringent press law nicknamed the law of justice and love failed to put down the peers rejected the law of inheritance and the press law it was found necessary to disband the national guard and in november 1827 seventy six new peers were created and recourse was had to a general election the new chamber proved hostile to villèle who resigned to make way for the short lived moderate ministry of martignac 2 the new ministry made villèle s removal to the upper house a condition of taking office and he took no further part in public affairs at the time of his death he had advanced as far as 1816 with his memoirs which were completed from his correspondence by his family as mémoires et correspondance du comte de villèle paris 5 vols 1887 90 2 see also edit wikimedia commons has media related to jean baptiste de villèle anti sacrilege act franco trarzan war of 1825 ultra royalist references edit le séjour de joseph de villèle aux mascareignes 1791 1807 portail esclavage reunion fr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 one or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 villèle jean baptiste guillaume marie anne séraphin comte de encyclopædia britannica vol 28 11th ed cambridge university press pp 79 80 bibliography edit c de mazade l opposition royaliste paris 1894 j g hyde de neuville notice sur le comte de villèle paris 1899 m chotard l œuvre financière de m de villèle in annales des sciences politiques vol v 1890 political offices preceded by duc de richelieu prime minister of france 1821 1828 succeeded by vicomte de martignac french nobility preceded by title created count of villèle 1822 1851 succeeded by louis de villèle v t e heads of government of france restoration talleyrand richelieu dessolles decazes richelieu villèle martignac polignac mortemart prince louis philippe july monarchy louis philippe i laffitte perier soult gérard maret mortier v de broglie thiers molé soult thiers soult guizot molé second republic dupont de l eure arago cavaignac barrot hautpoul faucher second empire ollivier cousin montauban government of national defense trochu third republic dufaure a de broglie cissey buffet dufaure simon a de broglie rochebouët dufaure waddington freycinet ferry gambetta freycinet duclerc fallières ferry brisson freycinet goblet rouvier floquet tirard freycinet loubet ribot dupuy casimir perier dupuy ribot bourgeois méline brisson dupuy waldeck rousseau combes rouvier sarrien clemenceau briand monis caillaux poincaré briand barthou doumergue ribot viviani briand ribot painlevé clemenceau millerand leygues briand poincaré françois marsal herriot painlevé briand herriot poincaré briand tardieu chautemps tardieu steeg laval tardieu herriot paul boncour daladier sarraut chautemps daladier doumergue flandin bouisson laval sarraut blum chautemps blum daladier reynaud pétain vichy france pétain laval flandin darlan laval provisional government de gaulle gouin bidault blum fourth republic ramadier schuman marie schuman queuille bidault queuille pleven queuille pleven faure pinay mayer laniel mendès france faure mollet bourgès maunoury gaillard pflimlin de gaulle fifth republic de gaulle debré pompidou couve de murville chaban delmas messmer chirac barre mauroy fabius chirac rocard cresson bérégovoy balladur juppé jospin raffarin villepin fillon ayrault valls cazeneuve philippe castex borne attal barnier bayrou lecornu related chief minister of france pre revolution deputy prime minister defunct v t e second ministry of armand emmanuel du plessis de richelieu 20 february 1820 to 12 december 1821 head of state king louis xviii president of the council armand emmanuel du plessis de richelieu richelieu interior joseph jérôme comte siméon justice hercule de serre foreign affairs étienne denis pasquier finance antoine roy war victor de fay de la tour maubourg navy and colonies pierre barthélémy portal d albarèdes king s household jacques lauriston without portfolio jacques joseph corbière joseph lainé jean baptiste de villèle v t e ministry of joseph de villèle 14 december 1821 to 6 december 1827 head of state king louis xviii charles x president of the council jean baptiste de villèle villèle finance jean baptiste de villèle foreign affairs mathieu de montmorency françois rené de chateaubriand ange hyacinthe maxence de damas interior jacques joseph corbière justice pierre denis de peyronnet navy and colonies aimé duc de clermont tonnerre christophe de chabrol de crouzol war claude victor perrin ange hyacinthe maxence de damas aimé duc de clermont tonnerre king s household jacques lauriston ambroise polycarpe de la rochefoucauld religious affairs denis luc frayssinous minister of state alexandre vicomte digeon v t e finance ministers of france since 1518 superintendent of finances 1561 1661 controller general of finances 1661 1791 house of valois 1518 1589 de beaune 1518 1524 babou 1524 1544 du thiers 1544 1546 d annebault 1546 1552 guillart 1552 1556 d avançon 1556 1559 de lorraine 1559 1560 de cossé brissac d ongnyes 1561 1567 de birague 1568 1570 de bellièvre 1574 1588 d o 1588 1589 house of bourbon 1589 1792 d o 1589 1594 de béthune 1598 1611 jeannin 1614 1619 de schomberg 1619 1622 de la vieuville 1623 1624 de champigny de marillac 1624 1626 de ruzé 1626 1632 de bullion bouthillier 1632 1640 bouthillier 1640 1643 de bailleul de mesmes 1643 1647 d émery 1647 1648 de la porte 1648 1649 d émery de mesmes 1649 1650 de longueil 1650 1651 de la vieuville 1651 1653 servien fouquet 1653 1659 fouquet 1659 1661 colbert 1661 1683 le pelletier 1683 1689 phélypeaux 1689 1699 chamillart 1699 1708 desmarets 1708 1715 de noailles 1715 1718 de caumont 1718 january 1720 de voyer de paulmy d argenson 1718 january 1720 law january may 1720 des forts may december 1720 de la houssaye december 1720 1722 dodun 1722 1726 des forts 1726 1730 orry 1730 1745 d arnouville 1745 1754 de séchelles 1754 1756 de moras 1756 1757 de boullonges 1757 1759 de silhouette 1759 bertin 1759 1763 de laverdy 1763 1768 d invault 1768 1769 terray 1769 1774 turgot 1774 1776 de clugny 1776 des réaux 1776 1777 necker 1777 1781 de fleury 1781 1783 d ormesson 1783 de calonne 1783 1787 de fourqueux 1787 de brienne 1787 1788 necker 1788 1789 de breteuil 1789 necker 1789 1790 lambert 1790 de lessart 1790 1791 tarbé 1791 march 1792 clavière march 13 june 1792 duranthon 13 june 18 june 1792 de beaulieu 18 june 29 july 1792 delaville leroulx 29 july 10 august 1792 clavière 10 august 21 september 1792 first republic 1792 1804 clavière 21 september 1792 1793 destournelles 1793 1794 vacant 1794 1795 faipoult 1795 1796 ramel nogaret 1796 july 1799 lindet july november 1799 gaudin 1799 1804 house of bonaparte 1804 1814 gaudin 1804 1814 house of bourbon 1814 1815 dominique 1814 1815 house of bonaparte 1815 gaudin march july 1815 house of bourbon 1815 1830 dominique july september 1815 corvetto september 1815 december 1818 roy 7 december 29 december 1818 dominique december 29 1818 november 1819 roy 1819 1821 de villèle 1821 1828 roy 1828 1829 de crouzol 1829 may 1830 de montbel may july 1830 dominique july august 1830 house of orléans 1830 1848 dominique august november 1830 laffitte 1830 1831 dominique 1831 1832 humann 1832 10 november 1834 passy 10 november 18 november 1834 humann 18 november 1834 1836 d argout january september 1836 duchâtel 1836 1837 lacave laplagne 1837 march 1839 gautier march may 1839 passy may 1839 march 1840 de la lozère march 1840 october 1840 humann october 1840 1842 lacave laplagne 1842 1847 dumon 1847 february 1848 second republic 1848 1852 goudchaux february march 1848 garnier pagès march may 1848 duclerc may june 1848 goudchaux june october 1848 trouvé chauvel october december 1848 passy december 1848 october 1849 fould october 1849 january 1851 de germiny january april 1851 fould april october 1851 blondel october november 1851 de casabianca november december 1851 fould december 1851 january 1852 house of bonaparte 1852 1870 bineau january 1852 1855 magne 1855 1860 la roquette 1860 1861 fould 1861 1867 rouher january november 1867 magne 1867 january 1870 buffet january april 1870 segris april august 1870 magne august september 1870 third republic 1870 1940 picard september 1870 19 february 1871 buffet 19 february 25 february 1871 pouyer quertier 1871 1872 de goulard april december 1872 say december 1872 1873 magne 1873 1874 mathieu bodet 1874 1875 say 1875 may 1877 caillaux may 1877 november 1877 dutilleul november december 1877 say 1877 1879 magnin 1879 1881 allain targé 1881 1882 say january august 1882 tirard august 1882 6 april 1885 clamageran 6 april 16 april 1885 carnot 16 april 1885 december 1886 dauphin december 1886 may 1887 rouvier may december 1887 tirard december 1887 april 1888 peytral april 1888 1889 rouvier 1889 1892 tirard 1892 april 1893 peytral april december 1893 burdeau december 1893 may 1894 poincaré may 1894 january 1895 ribot january november 1895 doumer november 1895 1896 cochery 1896 1898 peytral 1898 1899 caillaux 1899 1902 rouvier 1902 1905 merlou 1905 march 1906 poincaré march october 1906 caillaux october 1906 1909 cochery 1909 1910 klotz 1910 march 1911 caillaux march june 1911 klotz june 1911 march 1913 dumont march december 1913 caillaux december 1913 march 1914 renoult march june 1914 clémentel 9 june 13 june 1914 noullens june august 1914 ribot august 1914 1917 thierry march september 1917 klotz 1917 1920 françois marsal 1920 1921 doumer 1921 1922 de lasteyrie 1922 1924 françois marsal march june 1924 clementel june 1924 3 april 1925 de monzie 3 april 17 april 1925 caillaux april october 1925 painlevé october november 1925 loucheur november december 1925 doumer december 1925 march 1926 péret march june 1926 caillaux june july 1926 de monzie 19 july 23 july 1926 poincaré july 1926 1928 chéron 1928 february 1930 dumont february march 1930 reynaud march december 1930 germain martin december 1930 january 1931 flandin january 1931 1932 germain martin june december 1932 chéron december 1932 january 1933 bonnet january 1933 january 1934 piétri january february 1934 marchandeau 4 february 9 february 1934 germain martin february 1934 june 1935 caillaux 1 june 7 june 1935 régnier june 1935 1936 auriol 1936 1937 bonnet 1937 january 1938 marchandeau january march 1938 blum march april 1938 marchandeau april november 1938 reynaud november 1938 march 1940 lamoureux march june 1940 vichy france 1940 1944 bouthillier 1940 1942 cathala 1942 1944 free france 1941 1944 pleven 1941 1942 diethelm 1942 june 1943 couve de murville june november 1943 france november 1943 september 1944 provisional government 1944 1946 lepercq september november 1944 pleven november 1944 january 1946 philip january june 1946 schuman june october 1946 fourth republic 1946 1958 schuman october december 1946 philip december 1946 january 1947 schuman january november 1947 mayer november 1947 july 1948 reynaud july september 1948 pineau 5 september 11 september 1948 queuille september 1948 january 1949 petsche 1949 1951 mayer 1951 january 1952 faure january march 1952 pinay march 1952 january 1953 bourgès maunoury january june 1953 faure 1953 1955 buron january february 1955 pflimlin february 1955 february 1956 lacoste 1 february 14 february 1956 ramadier february 1956 june 1957 gaillard june november 1957 pflimlin november 1957 may 1958 faure may june 1958 pinay june october 1958 fifth republic 1958 present pinay october 1958 1960 baumgartner 1960 1962 giscard...