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Text of the page (random words):
judeo berber language wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 usage 3 geographic distribution 4 phonology 5 lexicon 6 sample text 7 see also 8 references 9 bibliography 10 external links toggle the table of contents judeo berber language 24 languages aragonés العربية الدارجة asturianu brezhoneg català deutsch español euskara suomi français עברית hrvatski igbo italiano 日本語 taqbaylit ladino polski piemontèis português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски türkçe edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia group of berber language varieties judeo berber judeo shilha region israel france canada native speakers 200 2023 language family afro asiatic berber northern atlas shilha judeo berber writing system hebrew alphabet generally not written language codes iso 639 3 jbe glottolog insufficiently attested or not a distinct language jude1262 map of judeo berber speaking communities in the first half of the 20th century judeo berber is the language and dialects formed in berber jewish communities of central and southern morocco where berber dialects were common judeo berber was the primary if not the only language used by many in berber jewish communities though others used primarily judeo arabic 1 the language arose as a result of arabic speaking jews getting in touch with berber languages 2 it is also called judeo amazigh judeo tamazight and jewish amazigh its speakers immigrated to israel in the 1950s and 1960s while mutually comprehensible with the tamazight spoken by most inhabitants of the area galand pernet et al 1970 14 these varieties are distinguished by the use of hebrew loanwords and the pronunciation of š as s contrary to judeo moroccan arabic history edit the first indication of jews speaking any berber language only appears in the early 19th century and it s of rural jews in jebel nefusa and saharan ghardaia as of 1912 about 8 000 of moroccan jews spoke judeo berber the language was spoken in the country s berber or partly berber rural and mountainous areas 3 according to a 1936 survey approximately 145 700 of morocco s 161 000 jews spoke a variety of berber though not specifically judeo berber 25 000 of whom were reportedly monolingual in a berber language 4 due to the mass migration of moroccan jews after the 1948 arab israeli war the number of speakers declined as the language was not passed down to new speakers leaving it with only about 200 speakers left in france and israel as of 2023 3 usage edit apart from its daily use judeo berber was used for orally explaining religious texts and only occasionally written using hebrew characters a pesah haggadah manuscript written in judeo berber has been reprinted galand pernet et al 1970 a few prayers like the benedictions over the torah were recited in berber 5 geographic distribution edit communities in morocco where jews spoke judeo berber included tinghir ouijjane asaka imini draa valley demnate and ait bou oulli in the tamazight speaking middle atlas and high atlas and oufrane tiznit and illigh in the tashelhiyt speaking souss valley galand pernet et al 1970 2 jews were living among tribal berbers often in the same villages and practiced old tribal berber protection relationships phonology edit consonants 6 labial bilabial dental alveolar alveolar post alveolar palatal velar uvular pharyngeal laryngeal plosive unvoiced p t k q voiced b d g nasals m n fricative unvoiced s ʃ x ħ h voiced z ʒ ɣ ʕ trill r lateral l approximant voiced w j vowels 6 front central back close i u mid ǝ open mid open a judeo berber is characterized by the following phonetic phenomena 2 centralized pronunciation of i u as ɨ ʉ neutralization of the distinction between s ʃ especially among monolingual speakers delabialization of labialized velars kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ e g nəkkʷni nukkni nəkkni us we insertion of epenthetic ə to break up consonant clusters frequent diphthong insertion as in judeo arabic some varieties have q kʲ and dˤ tˤ as in the local arabic dialects in the eastern sous valley region l n in both judeo berber and arabic lexicon edit the lexicon of judeo berber is the same as that of regular shilha except it has hebrew and judeo arabic loanwords this lack of differentiation from shilha means it is not a language but rather a dialect 6 judeo berber lexicon also influenced judeo arabic 3 sample text edit taken from galand pernet et al 1970 121 itself from a manuscript from tinghir יִכְדַמְן אַיְיִנַגָא יפּרעו גְמַצָר יִשוֹפִגַג רבי נּג דְיְנָג שוֹפוֹש נִדְרע שוֹפוֹש יִכיווֹאַנ ixəddamn servants ay what n ga we were i for pərʿu pharaoh g in maṣər egypt i ss ufġ he cause leave aġ us əṛbbi god ənnəġ our dinnaġ there s with ufus arm ən of ddrʿ might s with ufus arm ikuwan strong ixəddamn ay n ga i pərʿu g maṣər i ss ufġ aġ əṛbbi ənnəġ dinnaġ s ufus ən ddrʿ s ufus ikuwan servants what we were for pharaoh in egypt he cause leave us god our there with arm of might with arm strong servants of pharaoh is what we were in egypt our god brought us out thence with a mighty arm with a strong arm see also edit judeo arabic languages judeo moroccan arabic berber jews references edit chetrit joseph 2018 judeo berber in morocco in benor sarah hary benjamin h eds languages in jewish communities past and present contributions to the sociology of language csl 1st ed de gruyter mouton pp 73 74 isbn 978 1 5015 1298 8 1 2 chetrit 2016 jewish berber in kahn rubin eds handbook of jewish languages brill 1 2 3 judeo amazigh jewish languages retrieved 2024 09 29 abramson glenda 2018 10 24 sites of jewish memory jews in and from islamic lands routledge isbn 978 1 317 75160 1 jews and berbers pdf archived from the original pdf on 2008 12 19 72 8 kb 1 2 3 hary benjamin benor sarah bunin 2018 languages in jewish communities past and present de gruyter pp 82 86 isbn 978 1 5015 0463 1 bibliography edit p galand pernet haim zafrani une version berbère de la haggadah de pesaḥ texte de tinrhir du todrha maroc compress rendus du g l e c s supplement i 1970 in french joseph chetrit jewish berber handbook of jewish languages ed lily kahn aaron d rubin leiden brill 2016 pages 118 129 external links edit judeo berber by haim zafrani in french except from haggadah v t e jewish languages list of jewish diaspora languages afroasiatic hebrew eras biblical mishnaic medieval modern reading traditions ashkenazi sephardi mizrahi italian yemenite tiberian judeo aramaic targum biblical talmudic babylonian jewish palestinian aramaic galilean barzani betanure duhok hulaulá koy sanjaq lishana deni lishán didán lishanid noshan sanandaj judeo arabic judeo algerian judeo egyptian judeo fessi judeo iraqi judeo baghdadi judeo moroccan judeo palestinian judeo tripolitanian judeo syrian judeo tunisian judeo yemeni others geʽez ethiosemitic kayla qwara cushitic judaeo berber berber indo european germanic yiddish dialects argots eastern galitzish litvish poylish ukrainish udmurtish klezmer loshn western judaeo alsatian lachoudisch scots yiddish jewish english yeshivish yinglish heblish judaeo romance judaeo catalan judeo italian judeo livornese judeo mantuan judaeo piedmontese judeo roman judaeo spanish haketia tetuani judeo latin judeo provençal judeo gascon judaeo portuguese judaeo aragonese judeo french zarphatic judeo iranian bukhori judeo tat judeo persian judeo hamedani borujerdi judeo shirazi judeo yazdi kermani judeo kashani judeo golpaygani others jewish koine greek yevanic hellenic knaanic pre 1970s odesan russian slavic judeo urdu judeo marathi indo aryan others krymchak karaim turkic judaeo malayalam dravidian judeo georgian kartvelian judaeo papiamento portuguese based creole judeo malay malayic judeo zo sino tibetan judeo mizo judeo thadou sign languages israeli sign language german sign algerian jewish sign language village sign language italics indicate extinct languages v t e berber languages reconstructed proto berber eastern awjila fezzan foqaha sokna tmessa ghadamès jaghbub kufra nafusi jadu nalut wazzin yefren siwa northern zenati eastern middle atlas transitional to atlas seghrouchen warayn northern saharan mozabite wad righ wargla south oran and figuig tidikelt gurara tuwat riffian central riffian snouss western riffian eastern moroccan iznasen shawiya tunisian zuwara transitional to eastern jerba matmata sened douiret zuwara western algerian gouraya shelif shenwa non zenati atlas languages central atlas gharb ghomara senhaja de srair shilha judeo berber kabyle central eastern central western eastern western standardised moroccan amazigh algerian berber tuareg northern tuareg tamahaq tahaggart ajjer ghat southern tuareg tamashek tadhaq tanaslamt tawellemmet tayirt ingal gofat tanassfarwat azerori tayart western tetserret zenaga others guanche kehek old libyan east numidian fezzan tripolitanian mauretanian west numidian orthography libyco berber alphabet tifinagh berber latin alphabet berber arabic alphabet judeo berber alphabet institutions governmental aaal algeria hca algeria ircam morocco dnafla mali crb france ngos berber academy world amazigh congress amazigh cultural association in america italics indicate extinct languages v t e languages of morocco official languages berber arabic 1 native vernaculars arabic pre hilalian northern judeo moroccan hilal mâqil western eastern hassaniya koiné darija berber atlas central atlas tashelhit judeo berber senhaja de srair ghomara gharbi zenati tarifit tabeldit eastern middle atlas eastern morocco romance western sabir haketia spanish 4 undescribed african romance main foreign languages french spanish 4 english main liturgical languages arabic 2 hebrew 3 1 modern standard arabic 2 classical arabic 3 medieval hebrew 4 formerly native to moriscos extinct as native in morocco extinct v t e sephardi jewish topics origins sepharad roman empire golden age expulsion from spain alhambra decree expulsion from portugal conversos degredados lançados marranos megorashim maghrebi jews new christian dispersion eastern mediterranean albanian bosnian bulgarian croatian ragusan splicani egyptian alexandrian greek rhodian thessalonian hungarian macedonian monastir ottoman palestinian romanian serbian syrian turkish istanbulite symirniote north africa algerian gibraltarian libyan moroccan tetuani tunisian western europe and overseas american dutch aruba curaçao suriname new amsterdam english french hamburger indian paradesi jews italian livornese crypto sephardim amazonian belmonte jews xuetas modern history history of the jews under muslim rule antisemitism in the arab world antisemitism in islam jewish exodus from arab and muslim countries languages judeo berber sephardi hebrew judeo arabic judaeo portuguese judaeo spanish haketia tetuani ladino judeo gascon bagitto religion and culture cuisine music rite and customs sephardi chief rabbi haredim politics black panthers shas sephardim and oriental communities major communal organizations american sephardi federation sephardi community council retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title judeo berber_language oldid 1378979264 categories berber jews shilha language berbers in morocco jews and judaism in morocco jews and judaism in the maghreb languages of morocco sephardi jewish culture in north africa language contact severely endangered languages endangered diaspora languages endangered afroasiatic languages jewish languages hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata languages rejected by glottolog language articles without reference field articles with french language sources fr this page was last edited on 7 october 2026 at 04 54 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents judeo berber language 24 languages add topic