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ulla hassanzadeh units involved islamic republic of iran army islamic revolutionary guard corps pdki peshmerga casualties and losses total 172 554 killed 1 v t e iranian kurdish conflict 1918 1945 1st simko 2nd simko jafar sultan hama rashid 1945 1979 republic of mahabad 1946 crisis 1967 revolt 1979 present 1979 rebellion kdpi komala conflict kdpi insurgency 1999 kurdish protests pjak insurrection mahabad riots 1st western iran clashes 2018 strikes on iraqi kurdistan 2022 strikes on iraqi kurdistan 2024 strikes on iraqi kurdistan 2026 crisis 2026 strikes on iraqi kurdistan air campaign in iranian kurdistan 2nd western iran clashes the insurgency by the kurdish democratic party of iran surged in 1989 lasting until 1996 as part of the kurdish separatism struggle the eruption of the conflict in july 1989 was caused by the assassination of kdpi leader abdul rahman ghassemlou by suspected iranian government agents the most violent episodes took place in 1990 and 1991 when kurdish soldiers launched massive attacks on iranian military bases in kurdish areas of iran this brought heavy retaliation from the iranian government aiming to eradicate the kdpi leadership by assassinating sadegh sharafkandi and other kdpi leaders in 1992 in order to disable the kurdish party s ability to function the conflict faded with the effective targeted assassination policy of iran and by 1996 kdpi was no longer able to function militarily and announced a unilateral ceasefire the conflict claimed hundreds of lives mostly iranian government troops and kurdish militants background main article 1979 kurdish rebellion in iran in 1979 a wide scale rebellion erupted as the kurdish democratic party of iran and its kurdish allies resisted the new regime as the islamic revolutionary guard corps fought to re establish government control in the kurdish regions more than 10 000 kurds were killed during this process 2 unreliable source pockets of kdpi insurgents continued to engage in low level fighting up until 1983 3 as the iranian forces were diverted to the iraqi front with the escalation of the iran iraq war while most of its military and political activity in iran was greatly overpowered after the 1979 rebellion the kurdish democratic party of iran kdpi had continued its opposition activities through 1980s nevertheless the crackdown still continued abd al rahman qassemlou leader of kurdish democratic party of iran was assassinated in july 1989 by the iranian government 4 the immediate pretext for the renewed insurgency of kdpi was the event of february 1990 when thousands of kurds demonstrated in seven iranian towns and more than 500 were subsequently arrested 5 these protests are said to be due to the execution of 17 kurdish activists 5 as a result of the crackdown the kdpi renewed its military activities conflict timeline 1989 abdul rahman ghassmlou leader of the kdpi was assassinated by suspected iranian intelligence agents in vienna austria on july 13 1989 6 the assassination sparked an immediate escalation of the kurdish iranian dispute government troops and kurdish rebels clashed near mahabad in september and october 1989 resulting in the deaths of 172 government soldiers 6 1990 from april to august 1990 kurdish militants mounted numerous attacks against government forces 5 over 300 iranian soldiers were killed and over 150 were captured 5 the kurdish opposition freed 152 pows as a humanitarian gesture on july 28 1990 5 in november 1990 iranian security arrests a kurdish soldier accused of allegedly killing two revolutionary guards in summer attacks 5 1991 through 1991 iran increased the political crackdown being accused by the kdpi over human rights violation 5 on 14 january 1991 iran executed seven kurds all members of the kdpi for spying murder and armed activities 5 in march 1991 iranian forces crossed over into iraq and attacked iranian opposition forces including kurdish forces 5 throughout the summer iranian kurdish militants mounted attacks against the iranian army allegedly killing five iranian surveyors near the turkish border in august 5 kdpi guerrillas also set fire to an exhibition of industrial machinery and briefly take policemen hostage in the town of mahabad in retaliation because of iranian terrorist attacks 5 1992 in early 1992 protest and fighting broke out in several kurdish towns in western iran in the town of bowkan 17 were killed or wounded 5 in march 1992 there were several reports of iranian kurds supposedly attacking iran from across the iraqi border 5 on september 13 1992 iran and turkey agreed to boost border security and clamp down on each other s kurdish population 5 each state s opposition uses the other state as a base for its operations 5 on september 17 1992 two gunmen believed to be working for the iranian government shot at eight kdpi officials in bonn germany 5 three kdpi politicians including sadegh sharafkandi the secretary general of the pdki and their driver were assassinated 5 1993 through 1993 iranian forces shelled iranian kurdish opposition forces in iraq with both artillery and airplanes 5 between april and may 1993 iranian forces crossed over into iraq and attacked kurdish forces 5 they eventually occupied a security zone of over 100 km 2 5 on august 9 1993 iranian forces crossed the border into iraq and attacked kurdish forces once again 5 in the autumn kurdish soldiers resumed their fighting against the iranian revolutionary guards on november 15 1993 iran blows up a car in iraqi kurdistan killing six including 5 kdpi members 5 this and other incidents make both the un and amnesty international accuse the iranian government of the political assassination of members of its kurdish opposition 5 1994 on january 7 1994 a prominent member of the kdpi is assassinated by gunmen believed to be affiliated with iranian security forces 5 on august 17 1994 the kdpi said that it has killed 15 iranian revolutionary guards in a clash in western iran 5 two weeks later on september 1 1994 iran s irna news agency said that kurdish soldiers had blocked a highway in western iran set two military vehicles ablaze and wounded one person 5 on september 25 1994 turkey and iran agreed to stop opposition groups from operating in each other s territory following this iran launched a harsh crackdown on kurdish population on october 11 1994 the kurdish democratic party of iran announced that four kurdish villages had been demolished by iran and that authorities had told the residents of five more villages to leave 5 on november 6 9 iran bombed several iranian kurdish opposition groups in iraq 5 1995 in april 1995 a total of six iranian kurds were killed in attacks in iraqi kurdistan by iranian government agents 5 on june 5 another two members of an iranian kurdish group were shot down in iraqi kurdistan by iranian government agents according to the state department s yearly report on terrorism 5 on august 4 1995 the democratic party of iranian kurdistan said that iranian government agents had assassinated its representative in baghdad 5 tehran denied the charges and claimed that the killings had been the result of political infighting among opposition forces 5 in september and october an iranian kurdish opposition group accused iranian officials of torturing and executing ten kurdish political prisoners who supported a banned political group democratic party of iranian kurdistan kdpi 5 another 345 people were also arrested at this time for the same infraction 7 military clashes resumed on december 4 1995 as the democratic party of iranian kurdistan killed 15 members of the iranian security force in clashes in western iran 5 1996 on june 22 1996 turkish troops inside iran murdered seven members of the kdpi in iran 5 on july 10 iranian agents exploded a car bomb near a housing complex amidst the main concentration of kdpi refugee camps in northern iraq 5 on july 28 rahman radjabi hamvand a member of kdpi was executed the charges against him stemmed from a complaint by a private individual that was later withdrawn on july 29 1996 3 000 iranian troops entered kurdish territory in northern iraq in search of kdpi guerrillas reportedly killing 20 members of kdpi while displacing over 2 000 iranian kurd refugees 6 iranian officials claimed that the attack was justified on the basis of self defence following the operation on august 4 1996 kdpi members announced that they will stop cross border attacks from iraq into iran 5 aftermath following the unilateral cease fire announcement of 1996 the conflict of kdpi against the iranian regime shifted to the political opposition in april 1997 improved relations between tehran and ankara led to the deportation from turkey to northern iraq over 70 kdpi members 8 on april 13 iranian kurds accused iranian officials of trying to poison kdpi members after 85 iranian kurds were treated for food poisoning with a highly toxic substance 5 the pressure upon the kdpi eased since the election of the moderate mohammad khatami s government in 1997 5 on february 16 1999 the arrest of pkk leader abdullah ocalan leads to riots by kurds in iran especially in western iran as well as throughout europe renewed insurgency in iranian kurdistan was undertaken since 2004 by another kurdish organization the party for the free life in kurdistan pjak resurging tensions further information western iran clashes in january 2014 iranian forces killed a kdpi party member while he was disseminating leaflets 9 in september 2014 in a number of clashes the kdpi engaged iranian security for the first time in many years killing at least 6 iranian soldiers 10 it was unclear whether this was a result of change of policy by the democratic party of iranian kurdistan which evaded violence since 1996 or an isolated sequence of incidents in may 2015 a suspected iranian attack allegedly disguised as pkk fighters on pjak force on iranian iraqi kurdistan border resulted in 6 killed 2 kdpi and 4 pkk 11 or allegedly iranian agents in june 2015 a pdki attack on revolutionary guard forces reportedly left 6 people killed 12 in 2016 the pdki resumed its military insurgency against iran responses iranian officials on august 23 1996 former president of iran abolhassan banisadr stated that during the previous 15 years the iranian government ordered the killings of over 60 dissidents including 4 kdpi leaders in germany in 1992 5 european union on april 10 1997 a german court implicated the iranian government in the deaths of 4 kurdish dissidents in germany in 1992 5 all eu countries except greece recalled temporarily their ambassadors from iran following the finding of the court imposing limited diplomatic sanctions on iran 5 see also list of modern conflicts in the middle east references database uppsala conflict data program ucdp archived from the original on 3 march 2016 retrieved 9 march 2015 are kurds a pariah minority social research vol 70 no 1 archived from the original on march 22 2005 retrieved 1 may 2016 bbc on this day 23 1979 kurdish revolt grows in iran bbc news 23 august 1979 retrieved 9 march 2015 archived copy pdf archived from the original pdf on 2012 06 15 retrieved 2012 05 17 cite web cs1 maint archived copy as title link 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 mar data chronology for kurds in iran archived from the original on 2012 06 22 retrieved 2012 05 07 1 2 3 university of arkansas political science department iran kurds 1943 present retrieved 09 september 2012 reuters october 3 foundation for democracy in iran october 20 1995 the daily telegraph april 19 1997 iranian kurdistan news in brief january 21 2014 archived from the original on 4 june 2016 retrieved 1 may 2016 intense clashes rage between peshmerga and iranian army bas news archived from the original on 2014 10 06 retrieved 2015 12 30 piri medya 25 may 2015 pkk and kdpi clashes erupt on iran iraq border killing 6 yeni şafak retrieved 1 may 2016 pdki s kurdish forces kill six iranian revolutionary guards ara news ara news archived from the original on june 11 2015 retrieved 1 may 2016 v t e post cold war conflicts in asia south asia india kashmir conflict 1947 present 2013 india pakistan border skirmishes 2014 2015 india pakistan border skirmishes 2016 2018 india pakistan border skirmishes kargil war 1999 jammu and kashmir insurgency 1989 present insurgency in northeast india 1964 present insurgency in punjab 1981 1995 naxalite maoist insurgency 1967 present religious violence in india pakistan afghanistan pakistan conflict border skirmishes 2026 war kashmir conflict 1947 present 2013 india pakistan border skirmishes india pakistan border skirmishes 2014 2015 india pakistan border skirmishes 2016 2018 kargil war 1999 jammu and kashmir insurgency 1989 present insurgency in balochistan 2004 present insurgency in khyber pakhtunkhwa 2004 present insurgency in sindh 2010 present religious violence in pakistan others maldives political crisis 2011 2013 nepalese civil war 1996 2006 operation all clear 2003 2004 sri lankan civil war 1983 2009 east asia china and taiwan taiwan strait crises third 1995 1996 fourth 2022 present korea north and south korean conflict maritime border incidents 1994 north korean nuclear crisis 2017 2018 crisis southeast asia cambodia khmer rouge insurgency cambodian thai border 2008 2011 crisis 2025 conflict indonesia papua conflict 1962 present indonesian occupation 1975 1999 east timor genocide insurgency in aceh 1976 2005 east indonesia mujahideen insurgency 2015 2022 myanmar myanmar conflict 1948 present karen conflict kachin conflict rohingya conflict civil war 2021 present philippines moro conflict 1968 2019 isil insurgency 2014 present new people s army conflict 1969 present thailand southern thailand insurgency 2004 present cambodian thai border 2008 2011 crisis 2025 conflict east timor indonesian occupation 1975 1999 east timor genocide 1999 crisis 2006 crisis others fulro insurgency 1964 1992 laotian insurgency 1975 2022 2013 lahad datu standoff hai yang shi you 981 standoff central asia afghanistan afghanistan pakistan border skirmishes 2026 present conflict afghan conflict civil war 1989 1992 1992 1996 1996 2001 2001 2021 war republican insurgency kazakhstan ethnic conflicts kazakh russian ethnic conflicts 2020 dungan kazakh ethnic clashes kyrgyzstan 1990 osh clashes 2010 kyrgyz revolution 2010 south kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes tajikistan tajikistani civil war 1992 1997 insurgency in gorno badakhshan 2010 2015 uzbekistan fergana massacre 1989 andijan massacre 2005 west asia azerbaijan nagorno karabakh conflict 1988 2024 first war 2016 conflict second war bahrain bahraini uprising 2011 iran kurdish separatism in iran kdpi insurgency 1989 1996 iran pjak conflict 2004 2011 western iran clashes 2016 2023 western iran clashes 2026 present arab separatism in khuzestan 1922 2020 iran saudi arabia proxy war 1979 present iran israel 1985 present south lebanon 1985 20...