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kenneth lee pike wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 life 2 work 3 honors 4 bibliography 5 see also 6 references 7 further reading 8 external links toggle the table of contents kenneth lee pike 15 languages العربية مصرى azərbaycanca dansk deutsch español eesti français italiano 日本語 norsk nynorsk polski português русский українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from kenneth pike american linguist and anthropologist 1912 2000 this article includes a list of general references but lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations february 2013 learn how and when to remove this message kenneth lee pike born 1912 06 09 june 9 1912 woodstock connecticut died december 31 2000 2000 12 31 aged 88 dallas texas known for tagmemics emic and etic academic background alma mater gordon college and university of michigan doctoral advisor charles c fries academic work discipline linguist kenneth lee pike june 9 1912 december 31 2000 was an american linguist and anthropologist he was the originator of the theory of tagmemics the coiner of the terms emic and etic and the developer of the constructed language kalaba x for use in teaching the theory and practice of translation in addition he was the first president of the bible translating organization summer institute of linguistics sil with which he was associated from 1935 1 until his death 2 life edit pike was born in woodstock connecticut and studied theology at gordon college a private christian college in wenham massachusetts graduating with a b a in 1933 he initially wanted to do missionary work in china when this was denied him he studied linguistics with the summer institute of linguistics sil he went to mexico with sil learning mixtec from native speakers there in 1935 3 in 1937 pike went to the university of michigan where he worked for his doctorate in linguistics under charles c fries his research involved living among the mixtecs and developing a written system for the mixtec language with his wife evelyn after receiving his ph d in 1942 pike became the first president of the summer institute in linguistics its main function was to produce translations of the bible in unwritten languages and in 1951 pike published the mixtec new testament he was the president of sil international from 1942 to 1979 4 as well as and in parallel with his role at sil pike spent thirty years at the university of michigan during which time he served as chairman of its linguistics department professor of linguistics and director of its english language institute he did pioneering work in the field of english language learning and teaching and was later professor emeritus of the university work edit pike is best known for his distinction between the emic and the etic emic as in phonemics refers to the role of cultural and linguistic categories as understood from within the cultural or linguistic system that they are a part of while etic as in phonetics refers to the analytical study of those sounds grounded outside of the system itself pike argued that only native speakers are competent judges of emic descriptions and are thus crucial in providing data for linguistic research while investigators from outside the linguistic group apply scientific methods in the analysis of language producing etic descriptions which are verifiable and reproducible 5 pike himself carried out studies of indigenous languages in australia bolivia ecuador ghana java mexico nepal new guinea nigeria the philippines and peru pike developed his theory of tagmemics to help with the analysis of languages from central and south america by identifying using both semantic and syntactic elements strings of linguistic elements capable of playing a number of different roles pike s approach to the study of language put him outside the circle of the generative movement begun by noam chomsky a dominant linguist in the 20th century since pike believed that the structure of language should be studied in context not just as single sentences as seen in the title of his magnum opus language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior 1967 he became well known for his monolingual demonstrations he would stand before an audience with a large number of chalkboards a speaker of a language unknown to him would be brought in to work with pike using gestures and objects not asking questions in a language that the person might know pike would begin to analyze the language before the audience honors edit pike was a member of the national academy of sciences the linguistic society of america lsa the linguistic association of canada and the united states lacus and the american anthropological association he served as president of lsa and lacus and later was nominated for the templeton prize three years in a row 6 when he was named to the charles carpenter fries professorship of linguistics at the university of michigan in 1974 the dean s citation noted that his lifelong originality and energetic activity verge on the legendary 7 pike was awarded honorary degrees by a number of institutions including huntington college university of chicago georgetown university l université réné descartes sorbonne and albert ludwig universität university of freiburg though the nobel prize committee did not publicize nominations in 1983 us senator alan j dixon and us congressman paul simon announced that they had nominated pike for the nobel peace prize academic sponsors for his nomination included charles f hockett sydney lamb rice university gordon j van wylen hope college frank h t rhodes cornell university andré martinet sorbonne david c c li national taiwan normal university and ming liu chinese university of hong kong 8 9 bibliography edit see complete list of pike s publications over 250 1943 phonetics a critical analysis of phonetic theory and a technique for the practical description of sounds ann arbor university of michigan press 1967 language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior the hague mouton 1954 via internet archive 1970 rhetoric discovery and change with richard e young and alton l becker new york harcourt brace world see also edit americanist phonetic notation pike wycliffe global alliance references edit pike eunice 1981 ken pike scholar and christian dallas tx summer institute of linguistics pp 14 15 isbn 0 88312 920 5 david crystal 2011 dictionary of linguistics and phonetics volume 30 of the language library edition 6 john wiley sons isbn 9781444356755 hildebrandt martha 2003 a portrait of kenneth l pike in language and life essays in memory of kenneth l pike eds mary ruth wise thomas n headland and ruth m brend arlington university of texas at arlington pp 3 5 hildebrandt martha 2003 a portrait of kenneth l pike in language and life essays in memory of kenneth l pike eds mary ruth wise thomas n headland and ruth m brend arlington university of texas at arlington pp 5 9 pike kenneth l 1967 language in relations to a unified theory of human behavior second revised ed the hague mouton co pp 37 72 headland thomas n 2001 kenneth lee pike 1912 2000 american anthropologist vol 103 no 2 pp 505 509 p xiii jankowsky kurt r ed 1996 the mystery of culture contacts historical reconstruction and text analysis an emic approach washington dc georgetown university press p xiv xv jankowsky kurt r ed 1996 the mystery of culture contacts historical reconstruction and text analysis an emic approach washington dc georgetown university press p 9 15 adam makai ed 1984 languages for peace lake bluff il jupiter press further reading edit brend ruth m 1987 kenneth lee pike bibliography bloomington in eurasian linguistics association emily a denning kenneth l pike in encyclopedia of anthropology ed h james birx 2006 sage publications isbn 0 7619 3029 9 headland thomas n 2001 kenneth lee pike 1912 2000 american anthropologist 103 2 505 509 hildebrandt martha 2003 a portrait of kenneth l pike in language and life essays in memory of kenneth l pike eds mary ruth wise thomas n headland and ruth m brend arlington university of texas at arlington pp 3 10 pike eunice v 1981 ken pike scholar and christian dallas summer institute of linguistics makkai adam languages for peace tribute to kenneth l pike 1985 lake bluff il jupiter press wise mary ruth thomas n headland and ruth m brend eds 2003 language and life essays in memory of kenneth l pike arlington university of texas at arlington external links edit www sil org klp biographical profile at sil with autobiographical essays by pike detailed chronology of pike s life at sil langmaker profile of kalaba x thomas n headland kenneth lee pike biographical memoirs of the national academy of sciences 2004 language by gesture a televised 1966 example of one of pike s monolingual demonstrations the nature of field work in a monolingual setting article that describes his method pike s phonetics at archive org works by or about kenneth lee pike at the internet archive v t e presidents of the linguistic society of america 1925 1950 hermann collitz 1925 maurice bloomfield 1926 carl darling buck 1927 franz boas 1928 charles h grandgent 1929 eduard prokosch 1930 edgar h sturtevant 1931 george melville bolling 1932 edward sapir 1933 franklin edgerton 1934 leonard bloomfield 1935 george t flom 1936 carl darling buck 1937 louis herbert gray 1938 charles c fries 1939 alfred kroeber 1940 roland grubb kent 1941 hans kurath 1942 fred n robinson 1943 kemp malone 1944 yuen ren chao 1945 e adelaide hahn 1946 albrecht goetze 1947 hayward keniston 1948 murray b emeneau 1949 einar haugen 1950 1951 1975 joshua whatmough 1951 george s lane 1952 bernard bloch 1953 charles f voegelin 1954 zellig harris 1955 roman jakobson 1956 w freeman twaddell 1957 henry m hoenigswald 1958 harry hoijer 1959 george l trager 1960 kenneth l pike 1961 albert h marckwardt 1962 mary r haas 1963 charles hockett 1964 yakov malkiel 1965 j milton cowan 1966 william g moulton 1967 eugene a nida 1968 archibald a hill 1969 charles a ferguson 1970 eric p hamp 1971 dwight l bolinger 1972 winfred p lehmann 1973 morris halle 1974 thomas a sebeok 1975 1976 2000 rulon s wells 1976 joseph h greenberg 1977 peter ladefoged 1978 william labov 1979 ilse lehiste 1980 fred w householder 1981 dell h hymes 1982 arthur s abramson 1983 henry r kahane 1984 victoria a fromkin 1985 barbara h partee 1986 elizabeth c traugott 1987 calvert watkins 1988 william o bright 1989 robert austerlitz 1990 charles j fillmore 1991 arnold m zwicky 1992 lila r gleitman 1993 kenneth l hale 1994 emmon bach 1995 james d mccawley 1996 janet dean fodor 1997 d terence langendoen 1998 joan bresnan 1999 david m perlmutter 2000 2001 present walt wolfram 2001 frederick j newmeyer 2002 ray jackendoff 2003 joan bybee 2004 mark aronoff 2005 sally mcconnell ginet 2006 stephen r anderson 2007 ellen prince 2008 sarah thomason 2009 david lightfoot 2010 sandra chung 2011 keren rice 2012 ellen kaisse 2013 joan maling 2014 john rickford 2015 alice harris 2016 larry hyman 2017 penelope eckert 2018 brian joseph 2019 marianne mithun 2020 laurence horn 2021 john baugh 2022 anthony c woodbury 2023 marlyse baptista 2024 heidi harley 2025 alicia beckford wassink 2026 authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data japan italy czech republic netherlands norway latvia greece korea vatican israel catalonia belgium academics cinii people deutsche biographie other idref open library snac yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title kenneth_lee_pike oldid 1366948862 categories 1912 births 2000 deaths people from woodstock connecticut american christian writers translators of the bible into indigenous languages of the americas american missionary linguists constructed language creators christian peace conference members gordon college massachusetts alumni university of michigan alumni university of michigan faculty 20th century american non fiction writers 20th century american translators linguistic society of america presidents members of the united states national academy of sciences 20th century american anthropologists 20th century american linguists recipients of the presidential medal of merit philippines american phoneticians american male non fiction writers hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles lacking in text citations from february 2013 all articles lacking in text citations use american english from april 2026 all wikipedia articles written in american english articles with hcards pages using infobox academic with deprecated parameters articles with internet archive links this page was last edited on 31 july 2026 at 01 05 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics 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