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Text of the page (random words):
eties of khams tibetan have relatively low mutual intelligibility sun 2026 does not consider khams tibetan to be a unified monophyletic taxon but rather a polyphyletic grouping 9 several other languages are spoken by tibetans in the khams region dongwang tibetan language and the rgyalrong languages 10 the phonologies and vocabularies of the bodgrong dartsendo dgudzong khyungpo khromtshang lhagang rangakha sangdam sogpho skobsteng spomtserag tsharethong and yangthang dialects of kham tibetan have been documented by hiroyuki suzuki 11 other khams tibetan varieties include 12 lhagang a minyag rabgang khams dialect suzuki and sonam wangmo 2017 13 lethong a southern route khams dialect suzuki 2018b 14 choswateng belonging to the rgyalthang group of sems kyi nyila khams suzuki 2018a 15 stonggnyen a divergent tibetan variety spoken in daocheng county sichuan sun 2026 9 that may be closely related to related to lamdo a sems kyi nyila khams tibetan variety spoken in g yangmdo village 浪都村 skadtshag township 格咱乡 skad tshag shangri la city yunnan 16 deng 2020 documents 1 707 words in the following three khams tibetan dialects 17 cawagang 擦瓦岗 yiqing township 益庆乡 pasho county chamdo prefecture upper batang village 上巴塘村 batang township 巴塘乡 yushu county qinghai rongbu town 荣布镇 sog county nagqu prefecture phonology edit consonants edit labial alveolar retroflex alveolo palatal velar glottal nasal voiceless m̥ n̥ ɲ̊ ŋ̊ voiced m n ɲ ŋ plosive voiceless p t k ʔ aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ voiced b d ɡ affricate voiceless ts tʂ tɕ aspirated tsʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ voiced dz dʐ dʑ fricative voiceless s ʂ ɕ x h aspirated sʰ ɕʰ xʰ voiced z ʑ ɣ approximant w ɹ j lateral fricative ɬ approximant l x xʰ ɣ before front vowels i e ø ɛ are realized as palatal fricatives ç çʰ ʝ palatal plosives c ɟ are included in the consonant inventory of the dgudzong dialect but these sound values may include a phonetic variant of palatalised velar plosives the velar plosive series generally do not include a phonetic variant of palatal plosives these two series therefore are still distinctive but it is supposed that they may merge into velar ones in the near future 18 tʂ tʂʰ dʐ are heard as plosives ʈ ʈʰ ɖ in the dgudzong dialect of the rgyalrong area ɬ may also be heard as a voiceless lateral l̥ in free variation 19 vowels edit front back close i u close mid e ø o open mid ɛ open a ɑ i u o are realized as sounds ɨ ʉ ʊ before a glottal stop ʔ 20 see also edit amdo tibetan central tibetan lhasa tibetan balti language languages of bhutan sound correspondences between tibetic languages references edit khams at ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required khamba at ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required tseku at ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required 1 2 gelek konchok 2017 variation contact and change in language varieties in yul shul northern khams international journal of the sociology of language 245 91 92 1 2 haller felix 1999 a bref comparison of register tone in central tibetan and kham tibetan pdf linguistics of the tibeto burman area 22 2 doi 10 32655 ltba 22 2 06 archived from the original pdf on 2015 06 16 makley charlene dede keith hua kan wang qingshan 1999 the amdo dialect of labrang pdf linguistics of the tibeto burman area 22 1 101 doi 10 32655 ltba 22 1 05 archived from the original pdf on 2016 03 05 reynolds jermay j 2012 language variation and change in an amdo tibetan village gender education and resistance pdf phd thesis graduate school of arts and sciences of georgetown university p 19 21 archived from the original pdf on 2017 08 12 china ethnologue languages of the world nineteenth edition 2016 archived from the original on 2016 09 09 retrieved 2023 04 10 van driem george l 1993 language policy in bhutan london soas archived from the original pdf on 2010 11 01 retrieved 2011 01 18 george van driem languages of the himalayas p 892 1 2 sun jackson tianshin 2026 a phonological and lexical profile of stonggnyen a lesser known tibetic language of dabpa county sichuan retrieved 2026 05 22 n tournadre 2005 l aire linguistique tibétaine et ses divers dialectes lalies 2005 n 25 p 7 56 asian and african languages and linguistics suzuki hiroyuki wangmo sonam samdrup tsering 2021 03 30 a contrastive approach to the evidential system in tibetic languages examining five varieties from khams and amdo gengo kenkyu journal of the linguistic society of japan 159 69 101 doi 10 11435 gengo 159 0_69 issn 0024 3914 retrieved 2023 03 21 suzuki hiroyuki sonam wangmo 2017 language evolution and vitality of lhagang tibetan a tibetic language as a minority in minyag rabgang international journal of the sociology of language 245 63 90 doi 10 1515 ijsl 2017 0003 suzuki hiroyuki 2018b litangxian ji qi zhoubian zangzu yuyan xianzhuang diaocha yu fenxi current situation of tibetans languages in lithang county and its surroundings research and analysis minzu xuekan 2 35 44 106 109 doi 10 3969 j issn 1674 9391 2018 02 05 suzuki hiroyuki 2018a xianggelila si hokubu no kamutibettogo syohoogen no hoogen tokutyoo to sono keisei dialectal characteristics of khams tibetan dialects spoken in the north of shangri la municipality and their formation journal of asian and african studies 95 5 63 doi 10 15026 92458 suzuki hiroyuki 鈴木 博之 2010 カムチベット語香格里拉県浪都 lamdo 方言の方言所属 dialectal position of lamdo langdu tibetan spoken in shangri la county bulletin of the national museum of ethnology in japanese 35 3 233 266 doi 10 15021 00003898 deng ge 邓戈 2020 zangyu kang fangyan cihuiji 藏语康方言词汇集 lhasa tibet ethnic publishing house 西藏民族出版社 isbn 978 7 223 06515 3 suzuki hiroyuki 2011 phonetic analysis of dgudzong tibetan the vernacular of khams tibetan spoken in the rgyalrong area bulletin of the national museum of ethnology olson robert f 1974 central khams tibetan a phonemic survey kailash sun hongkai 1991 zang mian yu yu yin he ci hui 藏缅语语音和词汇 chinese social sciences press pp 156 159 further reading edit suzuki hiroyuki and sonam wangmo 2015 discovering endangered tibetic varieties in the easternmost tibetosphere a case study on dartsendo tibetan linguistics of the tibeto burman area 38 2 2015 256 270 doi 10 1075 ltba 38 2 07suz external links edit a bibliography of tibetan linguistics a grammar of the tibetan dege sde dge dialect introduction häsler katrin louise 1999 the tibetan language school of sichuan province www zangthal co uk kham dialect notes wikibooks has a book on the topic of research on tibetan languages a bibliography v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e bodic tibeto kanauri languages west himalayish western lahaulic pattani tinani kinnauric kanashi kinnauri chitkuli shumcho jangshung eastern central bunan rongpo marcha tolcha sunam zhang zhung almora rangas darmiya chaudangsi byangsi dhuleli bodish tibetic central tibetan central tibetan ü tsang standard tibetan mugom amdo amdo tibetan gserpa khalong mdungnag kham eastern khams tibetan tseku baima choni zhongu dongwang drugchu stonggnyen zitsadegu southern sikkimese bhutia dzongkha bhutanese khamba laya lunana groma brokkat brokpa chochangachakha lakha naapa western ladakhi balti western archaic ladakhi zangskari changthang purgi balti lahuli spiti western innovative lahuli stod bhoti spiti bhoti nyamkat tukpa jad sherpa jirel sherpa jirel kyirong kagate kyirong kagate tsum yolmo nubri gyalsumdo tshangla east bodish tshangla tshangla east bodish takpa dzala nyen chali bumthang kheng kurtöp nupbi ʼole basum basum tamangic tgtm tamang gurung thakali seke manang chantyal ghale ghale kutang kaike kaike v t e languages of china official standard chinese varieties of chinese danzhou mandarin northeastern beijing ji lu jiao liao zhongyuan lan yin jin southwestern sichuanese southeastern gan hakka hui mai min southern hokkien teoswa hainanese eastern puxian central northern shaojiang pinghua shaozhou tuhua shanke wu chu qu jiangshan qingtian quzhou oujiang taihu jinxiang northwestern changzhou hangzhou northern zhejiang ningbo shaoxing su jia hu shanghainese suzhou wuxi taizhou taizhou proper wuzhou jinhua xuanzhou xiang new old yue cantonese regional ars sars cantonese hk mc english hk mongolian nm portuguese mc tibetan xz uyghur xj zhuang gx prefecture hmong kam bouyei tujia korean qiang yi kyrgyz kazakh tai nüa tai lü zaiwa lisu bai hani zhuang counties banners numerous indigenous sino tibetan languages lolo burmese mondzish kathu maang manga mango maza mondzi muangphe burmish achang chashan lashi lhao vo pela xiandao zaiwa loloish hanoish akeu akha amu angluo asuo baihong bisu budu bukong cosao duoni duota enu habei hani honi jino kabie kaduo lami laomian laopin mpi muda nuobi nuomei phana piyo qidi sadu sangkong suobi tsukong woni yiche lisoish eka hlersu kua nsi kuamasi laizisi lalo lamu lavu lawu limi lipo lisu lolopo mangdi micha mili sonaga toloza xuzhang yangliu zibusi nisoish alingpo alugu aluo axi azha azhe bokha gepo khlula lope moji muji muzi nasu nisu nuosu phala phola phowa phukha phuma phupa phupha phuza samei sani thopho zokhuo other gokhy katso kucong lahu naruo namuyi naxi nusu samu sanie zauzou qiangic baima choyo ersu guiqiong horpa japhug khroskyabs laze lizu na muya namuyi naxi pumi northern qiang southern qiang shixing situ tshobdun zbu zhaba tibetic amdo baima basum central tibetan choni dao dongwang drugchu groma gserpa khalong khams kyirong ladakhi tseku zhongu zitsadegu other bai caijia derung jingpo longjia nung tujia waxianghua other languages austroasiatic auva avala bit blang bolyu bugan bumang hu kuan mang man met muak sa aak palaung riang u va northern southern wa hmong mien hmongic a hmao bu nao gejia guiyang hm nai hmong hmu huishui kiong nai luobohe mashan pa hng pa na pingtang qo xiong raojia sanqiao sheyu small flowery xixiu younuo mienic biao min dzao min iu mien kim mun mongolic bonan buryat daur eastern yugur kangjia khamnigan monguor oirat ordos santa torgut kra dai zhuang bouyei dai min ningming nong tai dam tai dón tai hongjin tai lü tai nüa tai ya yang yei other ai cham biao buyang cao miao chadong cun gelao hlai jiamao kam lakkja mak maonan mulam naxi yao ong be paha qabiao sui then tungusic evenki manchu nanai oroqen xibe turkic äynu fuyu kyrgyz ili turki salar western yugur other sarikoli indo european tsat austronesian formosan languages austronesian minority kazakh korean kyrgyz russian esperanto tatar tuvan uzbek vietnamese kinh wakhi creole mixed e hezhou lingling macanese maojia qoqmončaq tangwang wutun extinct ba shu jie khitan old yue rouran saka tangut tocharian tuoba tuyuhun xianbei zhangzhung sign chinese sign hong kong sign tibetan sign gx guangxi hk hong kong mc macau nm inner mongolia xj xinjiang xz tibet v t e tibetan language language tibetic languages old tibetan classical tibetan ü tsang khams amdo scripts tibetan alphabet umê drutsa bêtsug uchen regional joyig monyig and lhoyig numerals braille others transcription wylie tibetan pinyin thl transcription grammar modern standard tibetan grammar tibetic languages outside tibetan plateau dzongkha sikkimese ladakhi balti v t e languages of bhutan sino tibetan bodish tibetic dzongkha ngalong laya brokkat brokpa chochangachakha khams tibetan lakha sikkimese bhutia east bodish bumthang kheng kurtöp nupbikha chali dakpa dzala nyenkha tshangla sharchop gurung kiranti including chamling limbu lepcha newar tamang unclassified gongduk lhokpu ole indo aryan nepali sign bhutanese sign language nepali sign language v t e sichuan topics chengdu capital general politics economy education history states and kingdoms sanxingdui ba shu chengjia shu han cheng han western shu former shu later shu li shu zh ming xia da xi events sichuan mongol war zh anti mongol fortresses repopulation of sichuan yue railway protection movement home front period geography cities sichuan basin chengdu plain regions west zh east zh north zh south zh rivers sichuan min jialing tuo yalong mountain ranges daba longmen qionglai hengduan culture ba shu culture clothing in ancient shu sichuan embroidery sichuanese cuisine sichuanese liquor zh mengding ganlu tea panda tea sichuan opera sichuanese music lord of sichuan sichuanese architecture sichuanese garden people sichuanese hakka xiang tibetan qiang yi religion buddhism chinese buddhism tibetan buddhism chinese folk religion chinese salvationist religions christianity church of the east in sichuan catholic church in sichuan protestantism in sichuan anglicanism in sichuan methodism in sichuan quakerism in sichuan baptist christianity in sichuan seventh day adventist church in sichuan confucianism islam main article taoism zoroastrianism main article languages sichuanese lingua franca ba shu extinct hakka xiang sichuanese standard chinese kham jiarongic qiangic nuosu tourist attractions bailu pengzhou dujiangyan irrigation system gsumge mani stone castle huanglong scenic and historic interest area jiuzhaigou valley leshan giant buddha mount emei mount gongga mount qingcheng sanxingdui jinsha archaeological sites sichuan giant panda sanctuaries southern cliff buddhist sculptures category commons see also greater sichuan chongqing authority control databases national israel retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title khams_tibetan oldid 1363208333 categories bodic languages languages of tibet languages of china languages written in tibetan script languages of bhutan sichuanese tibet hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages containing links to subscription only content language articles citing ethnologue 18 articles containing khams tibetan language text pages with standard tibetan ipa articles containing standard tibetan language text pages with khams tibetan ipa cs1 japanese language sources ja pages with plain ipa this page was last edited on 8 july 2026 at 18 55 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the 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