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kyū wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 martial arts usage 3 academic tests usage 4 list of kyū ranks 5 coloured belts 6 see also 7 references toggle the table of contents kyū 24 languages العربية asturianu brezhoneg bosanski català dansk deutsch español euskara suomi français hrvatski italiano 한국어 nederlands polski português română русский slovenščina српски srpski svenska українська tiếng việt edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia rating system used in east asia this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources kyū news newspapers books scholar jstor november 2010 learn how and when to remove this message kyū coloured belts are worn by kyū ranked practitioners in many martial arts including judo karate aikido kuk sool won and taekwondo japanese name kanji 級 hiragana きゅう transcriptions revised hepburn kyū kyū japanese 級 kʲɯː is a japanese term used in modern martial arts as well as in tea ceremony flower arranging go shogi academic tests and other similar activities to designate various grades levels or degrees of proficiency or experience in mandarin chinese the same character 級 is pronounced jí and the term is used for academic tests in korea the term geup 급 級 is used also transliterated as gup or kup in vietnamese martial arts it is known as cấp khớp history edit the tokyo metropolitan police department started a ranking system using kyū to measure the police officers ability in kendo grades were from 8th to 1st 1 in the 1890s the greater japan martial virtue society introduced the dan and kyū ranking system to various martial arts in japan 2 martial arts usage edit the certificate of 8th kyū in karate in modern japanese martial arts kyū level practitioners hold the ranks below dan or black belt the kyū ranking system varies from art to art and school to school in some arts all the kyū level practitioners wear white belts while in others different coloured belts tags or stripes are used in kendo for example the belt system is not used although some aikido schools do use a coloured belt system the norm is for kyū grades to wear a white belt and for dan grades to wear a black belt 3 kyū level practitioners are often called mudansha 無段者 ones without rank and are considered as initiates rather than students when practitioners have reached the ranking of first degree black belt they become shodan 初段 the holder of a black belt of any degree is a yūdansha 有段者 one with rank academic tests usage edit martial arts organizations are not the only ones who use such a system some academic and professional organizations also use kyū and dan as measures of a person s ability for instance the japan kanji aptitude test which tests a person s ability to correctly read write and use kanji is graded using kyū 4 list of kyū ranks edit kyū ranks progress using a descending order system so 1st kyū is the highest for example the first kyū outranks the 2nd kyū the dan ranking system starts after 1st kyū essentially the kyū is the number of steps before reaching mastery whereas the dan gives steps into mastery pre 1st kyū and pre 2nd kyū are used in examinations of languages because it is often hard to pass the examinations at 1st and 2nd kyū grade pronunciation japanese 1st highest ikkyū 1級 一級 pre 1st jun ikkyū 準1級 準一級 2nd nikyū 2級 二級 pre 2nd junnikyū 準2級 準二級 3rd sankyū 3級 三級 4th yonkyū 4級 四級 5th gokyū 5級 五級 6th rokkyū 6級 六級 7th nanakyū 7級 七級 8th hakkyū hachikyu 8級 八級 9th kyūkyū 9級 九級 10th jikkyū jukkyū 10級 十級 ungraded mukyū 無級 the lowest kyū is sometimes called mukyū 無級 which means ungraded in english the lowest kyū depends on organizations for instance the united states judo federation has 12th kyū as the lowest grade for junior class and 7th kyū as the lowest for adult class in japan the difficulty is classified into three categories as in the following list citation needed grade pronunciation japanese highest jōkyū 上級 middle chūkyū 中級 beginning shokyū 初級 coloured belts edit karateka wearing different coloured belts karatekas at the dojo with different colored belts in some styles students wear white belts until they receive their first dan rank or black belt while in others a range of colors are used for different kyū grades the wearing of coloured belts is often associated with kyū ranks particularly in modern martial arts such as karate and judo where the practice originated however there is no standard association of belt colours with particular ranks and different schools and organizations assign colours independently see rank in judo for examples of variation within an art however white is often the lowest ranked belt and brown is the highest kyū rank and it is common to see the darker colors associated with the higher ranks i e the closest to black belt historically students of martial arts would only have one belt or obi which they would hand dye when the next ranking was achieved because dyes as opposed to paints are transparent the colours applied must progress from light to dark since the previous colour affects the new colour that is being applied i e yellow shows through when overdying the obi with red or blue thus the progression of colours from yellow through orange then green then blue then brown for example 5 the system of using different colored belts to mark rank is not universally accepted in the martial arts supporters of the belt colors point out their use as a simple visual key for experience such as in matching opponents for sparring allowing opponents to somewhat accurately judge each other s skill and to split them for competitions 6 those who oppose the use of coloured belts are also often concerned that students will worry too much about relative rank and become arrogant with trivial promotions and differences 7 while supporters feel that by providing small signs of success and recognition students are more confident and their training is more structured and that the ranking system encourages higher ranked students to assist lower ranked ones and lower ranked students to respect their seniors on the 1984 martial arts film the karate kid a dialogue between characters daniel larusso a karate student and mr miyagi his master expresses the opposition by some martial arts teachers to the use of colored belts and to karate ranks themselves by stressing the priority of mental and emotional ability in learning karate over attaining ranks and belts when asked by larusso about what kind of belt he has miyagi jokingly answers canvas jc penney 3 98 stating the brand store and price of his waist belt and gives larusso a visual lecture in which he points to the head chest and waist stating that karate comes from the heart and the mind never from the belt 8 see also edit martial arts portal dan rank rank in judo go ranks and ratings karate ranks references edit kendo america kendo rank archived from the original on 2011 11 23 retrieved 2011 12 12 morris phil the origins of judo s kyu dan grading system archived from the original on 2011 12 07 retrieved 2011 12 12 lawler jennifer 2011 martial arts for dummies john wiley sons isbn 978 1 118 06961 5 soas japanese kanji aptitude tests mijer pieter 1919 batiks and how to make them smithsonian institution libraries dodd meade and company inc pp 65 68 homma gaku 1993 children and the martial arts an aikido point of view north atlantic books p 32 isbn 978 1 55643 139 5 lowry dave 2006 in the dojo the rituals and etiquette of the japanese martial arts shambhala publications p 55 the karate kid 1984 pat morita as mr miyagi imdb v t e karate comparison of styles list of terms origins japanese martial arts okinawan martial arts chinese martial arts styles ashihara budokan byakuren chitō ryū enshin gensei ryū gōjū ryū gosoku ryu isshin ryū kyokushin motobu ryū ryūei ryū seidokaikan shidōkan shindo jinen ryu shitō ryū shōrin ryū shōrei ryū shōrinjiryū kenkōkan shotokan shūdōkan shūkōkai shuri ryū tōon ryū uechi ryū wadō ryū yoseikan yoshukai techniques blocks joint lock kicks punches stances strikes throw training methods kihon kata bunkai kumite full contact kobudō makiwara culture dōjō dōjō kun karate gi kyū obi competition karate combat karate at the world games karate world championships world university karate championships asian karate championships karate at the asian games european karate championships karate at the summer olympics karate world championships junior kata ananku annan chinte chintō gankaku enpi fukyugata gojūshiho jion hangetsu kūsankū kanku dai naihanchi tekki nijūshiho niseishi passai bassai pinan heian rōhai meikyo sanchin seisan hangetsu seiunchin shisochin sōchin taikyoku tensho unsū wankan wanshū the karate portal v t e go overview handicaps komi rules equipment bowls goban katsura kaya stones clamshell slate yunzi terms aji atari board positions dame divine move double hane eyes gote sente and tenuki hane hayago jigo joseki kakari keima kiai kikashi ko komi korigatachi kosumi ladder liberty miai monkey jump moyo myoushu nakade nerai myoushu peep pincer probe sabaki seki sente shape shoulder hit tesuji thickness yose strategy and tactics capturing race fuseki chinese kobayashi shinfuseki shusaku jōseki nadare taisha ko fight ladder life and death mirror go opening theory proverbs shape empty triangle ponnuki tenuki tsumego history classic of arts dunhuang go manual emperor yao four go houses four arts hoensha 9 pin zhi oskar korschelt oshirogo players european players female players nihon ki in hall of fame professional handicaps competition go professional ranks and ratings dan kyū honorary titles jubango tournaments world champions games and matches alphago vs fan hui alphago vs ke jie alphago vs lee sedol atomic bomb game blood vomiting game ear reddening game the game of the century kamakura jubango lee s broken ladder game art and media alphago the divine move the girl who played go the go master the go player go world hikaru no go igo hatsuyōron long ode to watching weiqi the maniac the master of go ranka sensei s library shibumi the surrounding game the weiqi devil computers computer go uec cup engines alphago alphago master alphago zero alphazero crazy stone darkforest fine art gnu go katago leela leela zero zen future of go summit monte carlo tree search smart game format servers kgs go server pandanet tygem organizations american go association australian go association british go association china china qiyuan chinese weiqi association hong kong go association european go federation french federation of go international go federation irish go association japan all japan student go federation kansai ki in nihon ki in korea korea baduk association myongji university mind sports organisation new zealand go society singapore weiqi association taiwan chi yuan culture foundation other benson s algorithm game record kifu go and mathematics variants batoo capture go sygo go portal category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title kyū oldid 1360602601 categories belts clothing go ranks and ratings titles and rank in japanese martial arts hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from november 2010 all articles needing additional references articles containing japanese language text pages with japanese ipa articles containing chinese language text articles containing korean language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from january 2022 this page was last edited on 22 june 2026 at 14 34 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents kyū 24 languages add topic