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laimosphere wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 sources toggle the table of contents laimosphere 3 languages bosanski español українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia microbiologically enriched zone of soil that surrounds plant stems fig 1 a diagram denoting the location of the laimosphere rhizosphere and spermosphere of the subterranean organs of a plant plant and soil 37 187 190 1972 fig 2 chlamydospores of fusarium solani f sp cucurbitae forming in the laimosphere of a squash hypocotyl magyarosy 1973 fig 3 4 early lesion development in the epidermis of a squash hypocotyl caused by fusarium solani stained with tetrazolium salt magyarosy 1973 fig 5 diagram of hypocotyl stem rot leading to damping off caused by rhizoctonia solani univ calif agr exp sta service manual 23 1957 the laimosphere is the microbiologically enriched zone of soil that surrounds below ground portions of plant stems the laimosphere is analogous to the rhizosphere and spermosphere the combining form laim from laimos greek λαιμός throat denotes a connecting organ neck while sphere indicates a zone of influence topographically the laimosphere includes the soil around any portion of subterranean plant organs other than roots where exuded nutrients especially sugars and amino acids stimulate microbial activities subterranean plant organs with a laimosphere include hypocotyls epicotyls stems stolons corms bulbs and leaves propagules of soil borne plant pathogens whose germination is stimulated by a plant exudates in the laimosphere can initiate hypocotyl and stem rots leading to damping off pathogens commonly found to cause such diseases are species of fusarium phoma phytophthora pythium rhizoctonia and sclerotinia the laimosphere is actively impacted by the unique adaptations that each plants employs in response to their environments so the content of the microbial community that makes up the laimosphere is custom tailored by each plant s individual traits and needs these unique microenvironments vary in microbial diversity and function and are therefore crucial for understanding how plants cope with environmental conditions for instance microbial communities in the laimosphere are distinct from those in the phyllosphere the plant s aerial surfaces with specific taxa adapted to the soil s unique moisture and nutrient availability different plants support different types of microbes in their laimospheres this means that the specific conditions each plant creates like moisture levels and nutrient availability attract certain microbes that are best suited to those conditions the microbes in the laimosphere play important roles such as helping the plant absorb nutrients and protect against stressors like drought or salinity this interaction between the plants and their microbial companions in the laimosphere helps the whole ecosystem function better making it possible for plants to thrive in challenging environments sources edit atkinson t g et al 1974 root rot reaction in wheat resistance not mediated by rhizosphere or laimosphere antagonists phytopathology 64 97 101 baker k f 1957 the u c system for producing healthy container grown plants univ calif agr exp sta service manual 23 hakobyan a velte s sickel w et al 2023 tillandsia landbeckii phyllosphere and laimosphere as refugia for bacterial life in a hyperarid desert environment microbiome 11 246 hancock j g 1977 soluble metabolites in intercellular regions of squash hypocotyl tissues implications for exudation plant and soil 47 103 112 johnson l f and n g bartley 1981 cotton laimosphere populations of microorganisms and their antibiotic effect on pythium ultimum phytopathology 71 884 981 kasuya m et al 2006 induction of soil suppressiveness against rhizoctonia solani by incorporation of dried plant residues into soil phytopathology 96 1372 1379 magyarosy a c 1973 effect of squash mosaic virus infection on microbial populations around the hypocotyl and chloroplast structure and function ph d dissertation univ calif berkeley magyarosy a and j g hancock 1972 microbial population of the laimosphere of squash cucurbita maxima plant and soil 37 187 190 magyarosy a c and j g hancock 1974 association of virus induced changes in laimosphere microflora and hypocotyl exudation with protection to fusarium stem rot phytopathology 64 994 1000 martirosyan v steinberger y 2014 microbial functional diversity in the phyllosphere and laimosphere of different desert plants j ournal of arid environments 107 26 33 martirosyan v unc a miller g et al 2016 desert perennial shrubs shape the microbial community miscellany in laimosphere and phyllosphere space microbial ecology 72 659 668 v t e soil classification world reference base for soil resources 1998 acrisols alisols andosols anthrosols arenosols calcisols cambisols chernozem cryosols durisols ferralsols fluvisols gleysols gypsisols histosol kastanozems leptosols lixisols luvisols nitisols phaeozems planosols plinthosols podzols regosols retisols solonchaks solonetz stagnosol technosols umbrisols vertisols usda soil taxonomy alfisols andisols aridisols entisols gelisols histosols inceptisols mollisols oxisols spodosols ultisols vertisols other systems fao soil classification 1974 1998 unified soil classification system aashto soil classification system référentiel pédologique french classification system canadian system of soil classification australian soil classification polish soil classification 1938 usda soil taxonomy list of u s state soils list of vineyard soil types pg 3 spanish classification system non systematic soil types sand silt clay loam topsoil subsoil soil crust claypan hardpan gypcrust caliche parent material pedosphere laimosphere rhizosphere bulk soil alkali soil bay mud blue goo brickearth brown earth calcareous grassland dark earth dry quicksand duplex soil eluvium expansive clay fill dirt fuller s earth hydrophobic soil loess mud muskeg paleosol peat prime farmland quicksand serpentine soil spodic soil stagnogley subaqueous soil takir terra preta terra rossa tropical peat yedoma soil on bodies other than earth lunar regolith martian regolith types of soil this ecology related article is a stub you can help wikipedia by adding missing information v t e retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title laimosphere oldid 1221125860 categories soil ecology stubs hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles containing ancient greek to 1453 language text all stub articles this page was last edited on 28 april 2024 at 01 23 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents laimosphere 3 languages add topic