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lake russell prehistoric wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 geography and geomorphology toggle geography and geomorphology subsection 1 1 inflow 1 2 glaciers 1 3 overflow 2 lake level history 3 lake deposits 4 biology 5 references 6 sources 7 external links toggle the table of contents lake russell prehistoric add languages add links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 38 00 n 119 00 w 38 000 n 119 000 w 38 000 119 000 1 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia former lake in california and nevada united states this article is about the california lake for the prehistoric lake in the state of washington see glacial lake russell present day mono lake 38 00 n 119 00 w 38 000 n 119 000 w 38 000 119 000 1 lake russell is a former lake stage of mono lake it was named in honour of israel russell but is also known as lake mono in contrast to the present day lake 2 this lake was larger than present day mono lake and occasionally overflowed first into the east walker river and later into the owens river during its existence glaciers from the sierra nevada reached to its shore geography and geomorphology edit the lake was larger than present day mono lake especially in the east where it extended as far as the california nevada border and farther 1 there the land is lower and some valleys could operate as overflow sills during different epochs 3 the lake was periodically impacted by volcanic eruptions which deposited the wilson creek formation as a combined volcanic lake sediment formation 4 some volcanoes grew in the lake waters 5 tectonically the mono lake basin started forming 4 3 million years ago mostly in response to subsidence along the sierra nevada fault 6 inflow edit lee vining creek mill creek and rush creek originate in the sierra nevada and form the principal inflow of mono lake and former lake russell 7 at the time of lake russell june lake overflowed into the lake 8 glaciers edit during glacial stages glaciers along lee vining creek mill creek and rush creek extended farther down and into lake russell 1 thus their moraines were subject to wave erosion by the waters of lake russell these moraines record various pulses of lake and glacier growth and shrinkage 9 evidence indicates that at least the tioga stage glaciation coincided with a lake highstand 10 overflow edit the enlarged owens river during highstands lake russell overflowed through the adobe valley into owens valley 11 this outflow path formed a narrow inset into the south eastern shorelines of lake russell 1 and proceeded through a fault influenced zone with several basins first into lake adobe and then through a narrow valley in the benton mountains in the benton valley arm of owens valley 6 this overflow is biogeographically important as it connected lake russell via the owens river to owens lake searles lake panamint lake and lake manly in death valley 12 overflow along this pathway however did not occur very frequently 13 it is further possible that the eruption of the bishop tuff of long valley caldera prompted a catastrophic flood through the adobe valley overflow path into owens valley 14 the overflow channel was not always located at adobe valley however a more northerly spillway existed until faulting and volcanism shifted the overflow sill towards adobe valley the northerly mount hicks spillway is presently 47 metres 154 ft higher than the adobe valley sill 3 and passes between the bodie hills and the wassuk range into mud spring canyon rough creek and eventually east walker river 15 this change in spillways is biologically important as it allowed animals to use lake russell as a transfer point between different drainages 3 lake level history edit during the tahoe glaciation 150 000 130 000 years ago oxygen isotope stage 6 lake russell reached a highstand and overflowed into owens valley 11 during such overflow the lake levels stabilized at c 2 205 metres 7 234 ft elevation 16 during oxygen isotope stage 2 and possibly late stage 3 water levels reached a lower highstand of 2 152 2 161 metres 7 060 7 090 ft above sea level this stage caused the formation of wavecut terraces in moraines of tioga and tahoe stage 16 the shorelines from this lake stage are better preserved 17 intermediate stands reached elevations of 2 035 metres 6 677 ft and 2 095 metres 6 873 ft 7 based on radiocarbon dating and other methods this latest highstand commenced starting from 36 000 years before present and reached two distinct high points between 21 000 and 35 000 years before present and 15 000 and 13 000 years before present after 10 000 years before present lake levels were low 18 lake deposits edit sandy beach deposits lacustrine deposits and ooliths and tufa were deposited by lake russell 16 many of these lacustrine formations are known as the wilson creek beds 19 furthermore as lake levels dropped thinolite was deposited in the lake 20 where calcium rich groundwater emerged into the lake 21 pumice and tephra shards are also found within lake deposits and may originate in the mono craters 16 the mono inyo craters formed in part after the retreat of lake russell thus their deposits are not heavily modified by lacustrine phenomena 22 deltaic landforms also exist at lake russell and formed during times where the lake levels were stable the town of lee vining is constructed on such a delta 23 strandlines of lake russell a boulder of lake russell a wavecut platform of lake russell shorelines close to lee vining wavecut platform and shorelines biology edit species found include the bivalve helisoma newberri 16 bivalve ragia lecontei also found in the salton trough 11 pisidium bivalve taxa sphaerium bivalve taxa the gastropods amnicola longinqua valvata humeralis vorticifex effusa and vorticifex gesteri 16 the ragia bivalves are marine species and were probably transported to lake russell by birds as has been observed at other inland locations in the united states 24 fish of the catostomus chasmistes oncorhynchus clarkii prosopium and ptychocheilus genera 13 and molluscs may have been propagated between the owens river system and the lake lahontan system through lake russell 25 references edit 1 2 3 4 5 putnam 1949 p 1286 putnam 1949 p 1285 1 2 3 reheis stine sarna wojcicki 2002 p 991 yang bursik pouget 2019 p 197 yang bursik pouget 2019 p 223 1 2 reheis stine sarna wojcicki 2002 p 992 1 2 benson et al 1990 p 271 putnam 1950 p 118 putnam 1950 p 115 putnam 1950 p 121 1 2 3 hershler jayko 2009 p 496 putnam 1949 p 1296 1 2 reheis stine sarna wojcicki 2002 p 1004 reheis stine sarna wojcicki 2002 p 1005 reheis stine sarna wojcicki 2002 p 993 1 2 3 4 5 6 jayko a s mcgeehin john p paces james b firby james r reheis marith c 12 october 2011 abstract ois 2 and ois 6 highstands of lake russell mono lake basin eastern california gsa confex com 2011 gsa annual meeting in minneapolis retrieved 2017 06 19 putnam 1950 p 116 benson et al 1990 p 277 benson et al 1990 p 272 whiticar suess 1998 p 444 whiticar suess 1998 p 443 putnam 1949 p 1292 putnam 1950 p 119 hershler jayko 2009 p 497 reheis stine sarna wojcicki 2002 p 994 sources edit benson l v currey d r dorn r i lajoie k r oviatt c g robinson s w smith g i stine s 1990 06 01 chronology of expansion and contraction of four great basin lake systems during the past 35 000 years palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology 78 3 241 286 bibcode 1990ppp 78 241b doi 10 1016 0031 0182 90 90217 u hershler robert jayko angela s 2009 05 01 a mactrid bivalve from pleistocene deposits of lake russell mono basin california journal of paleontology 83 3 496 499 bibcode 2009jpal 83 496h doi 10 1666 08 132 1 issn 0022 3360 s2cid 131678875 putnam william c 1949 08 01 quaternary geology of the june lake district california geological society of america bulletin 60 8 1281 1302 doi 10 1130 0016 7606 1949 60 1281 qgotjl 2 0 co 2 issn 0016 7606 putnam william c 1950 02 01 moraine and shoreline relationships at mono lake california geological society of america bulletin 61 2 115 122 doi 10 1130 0016 7606 1950 61 115 masram 2 0 co 2 issn 0016 7606 reheis marith c stine scott sarna wojcicki andrei m 2002 08 01 drainage reversals in mono basin during the late pliocene and pleistocene geological society of america bulletin 114 8 991 1006 bibcode 2002gsab 114 991r doi 10 1130 0016 7606 2002 114 0991 drimbd 2 0 co 2 whiticar michael j suess erwin 1998 09 01 the cold carbonate connection between mono lake californiaand the bransfield strait antarctica aquatic geochemistry 4 3 4 429 454 doi 10 1023 a 1009696617671 issn 1380 6165 s2cid 130488236 yang qingyuan bursik marcus pouget solène 1 april 2019 stratigraphic and sedimentologic framework for tephras in the wilson creek formation mono basin california usa journal of volcanology and geothermal research 374 197 225 arxiv 1806 02830 bibcode 2019jvgr 374 197y doi 10 1016 j jvolgeores 2019 02 007 issn 0377 0273 s2cid 119092674 external links edit passamano kylie last fawn 2017 cold water carbonate deposits of quaternary lake russell california v t e pleistocene proglacial lakes and related seas africa lake makgadikgadi lake ptolemy antarctica lake washburn asia lake bandung lake tengger mundafan west siberian glacial lake europe baltic sea ancylus lake baltic ice lake littorina sea mastogloia sea yoldia sea russia lake komi great britain lake eskdale lake harrison lake lapworth lake pickering north america nelson river drainage lake agassiz lake bassano lake souris proglacial lakes of minnesota james bay drainage lake ojibway tyrrell sea great lakes champlain sea lake admiralty lake algonquin multiple basins lake arkona lake chicago lake chippewa lake dana lake duluth early lake erie lake frontenac lake houghton glacial glacial lake iroquois lake lundy lake maumee lake minong nipissing great lakes multiple basins early lake ontario lake saginaw lake stanley lake tonawanda lake warren lake wayne lake whittlesey columbia river system lake allison glacial lake columbia lake lewis glacial lake missoula great basin system lake bonneville lake lahontan puget sound system glacial lake hood lake nisqually lake puyallup glacial lake russell glacial lake sammamish lake skokomish upper missouri river lake chouteau lake circle lake cut bank lake glendive lake great falls lake jordan montana lake mckenzie lake musselshell upper mississippi drainage lake kankakee kankakee outwash plain lake wisconsin ohio drainage lake monongahela lake tight teays river hudson valley lake albany lake passaic new england lake cape cod lake connecticut lake hitchcock lake merrimack lake nantucket sound lake stowe california lake cahuilla lake corcoran lake harper lake manix lake manly lake modoc lake mojave lake panamint lake russell lake tecopa lake thompson rio grande rift lake alamosa lake estancia lake palomas lake san agustín alaska lake atna south america lake ballivián cabana lake escara inca huasi mataro lake minchin ouki sajsi salinas lake tauca great tehuelche paleolake summary list of prehistoric lakes geography portal history portal lakes portal oceans portal retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title lake_russell_ prehistoric oldid 1349885318 categories former lakes of the united states geography of mono county california natural history of california hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use american english from july 2025 all wikipedia articles written in american english pages using gadget wikiminiatlas coordinates on wikidata this page was last edited on 19 april 2026 at 09 22 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents lake russell prehistoric add languages add topic