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social issues has used this technique to draw parallels between current governing bodies and the spanish monarchy his 1967 painting the presidential family is an early example the painting echoing diego velázquez s 1656 spanish court painting las meninas the maids of honor contains a self portrait of botero standing behind a large canvas the thick puffy presidential family decked out in fashionable finery and staring blandly out of the canvas appear socially superior drawing attention to social inequality 35 according to botero his puffy figures are not meant to be satirical he painted a powerful series of canvases which are based on photos of torture by the u s military of iraqi prisoners at abu ghraib prison the deformation you see is the result of my involvement with painting the monumental and in my eyes sensually provocative volumes stem from this whether they appear fat or not does not interest me it has hardly any meaning for my painting my concern is with formal fullness abundance and that is something entirely different 32 among peruvian painter herman braun vega the appropriation of works of the old masters is almost systematic from the 1970s 41 the characters he borrows from the iconography of european painting are often confronted with the social and political situation of latin america 42 in his painting la leçon à la campagne rembrandt in 1984 he takes the scene from rembrandt s painting the anatomy lesson of dr nicolaes tulp transporting it outside to the countryside and substituting for certain characters from the original painting contemporary latin american characters who refer to the social and political situation of south america as confirmed by the texts of the press clippings transfers of the newspaper le monde which structures the feet of the corpse in the cubist way 43 in 1987 in his painting double focus over the west velazquez and picasso he turned velazquez s painting las meninas into a critic of the power of the church by replacing the royal couple in the mirror of the back of the room by pope john paul ii receiving kurt waldheim in the vatican 44 among many other examples we can still cite the painting los caprichos del f m i goya of 2003 where el tiempo y las viejas and some engravings from los caprichos de goya are featured to criticize the sermonizers of the international monetary fund 45 mexican painter and collagist alberto gironella whose style mixes elements of surrealism and pop art also produced parodies of official spanish court paintings he completed dozens of versions of velásquez s queen mariana from 1652 gironella s parodies critique the spanish rule of mexico by incorporating subversive imagery la reina de los yugos or the queen of yokes 1975 81 depicts mariana with a skirt made of upside down ox yokes signifying both spanish dominance over mexico s indigenous peoples and those people s subversion of spanish rule the yokes are rendered useless by being upturned gironella s hallmark was the use of particular spanish grocery cans sardines mussels etc in his works and soda bottle caps nailed or glued around the rim of his paintings cuban artist sandra ramos paintings etchings installations collages and digital animation often tackle taboo subjects in contemporary cuban society such as racism mass migration communism and social injustices in contemporary cuban society 46 47 photography edit guerrillero heroico picture taken of che guevara by alberto korda on march 5 1960 at the la coubre memorial service photographers captured on film indigenous peoples as well as distinct social types such as the gauchos of argentina a number of latin americans have made significant contributions to modern photography guy veloso and josé bassit photograph the brazilian religiosity guillermo kahlo photographed mexican colonial buildings and infrastructure such as the railway bridge at metlac agustín casasola himself took many images of the mexican revolution and compiled an extensive archive of mexican photos other photographers include indigenous peruvian martín chambi mexican graciela iturbide and cuban alberto korda famous for his iconic image of che guevara mario testino is a noted peruvian fashion photographer in addition a number of non latin american photographers have focused on the area including tina modotti and edward weston in mexico guatemalan national maría cristina orive has worked in argentina with sara facio ecuadoran hugo cifuentes has garnered attention gallery edit photo of an argentine gaucho courret hermanos fotogs lima peru 1868 martín chambi peru photo of a man at machu picchu published in inca land explorations in the highlands of peru 1922 alberto korda taking a picture of che guevara with arms linked to his wife aleida march guy veloso brazilian penitents archived 2020 06 09 at the wayback machine 2002 gelatin silver print see also edit argentine art bolivian art brazilian art chilean art colombian art costa rican art cuban art dominican art ecuadorian art guatemalan art honduran art mexican art nicaraguan art panamanian art paraguayan art peruvian art puerto rican art salvadoran art uruguayan art venezuelan art list of latin american artists latin american culture mexican muralism chilote school of religious imagery indochristian art paraguayan indian art pre columbian art visual arts by indigenous peoples of south america references edit the cusquenha art archived 2016 05 05 at the wayback machine museu histórico nacional retrieved 30 april 2009 ilona katzew casta painting new haven yale university press 2005 dawn ades nature science and the picturesque in art in latin america the modern era 1820 1980 london south bank center 1989 64 65 stanton l catlin traveller reporter artists and the empirical tradition in post independence latin american art in art in latin america the modern era 1820 1980 london south bank center 1989 pp 43 45 color plate 3 2 p 44 alexander von humboldt voyage de humboldt et de bonpland première partie relation historique atlas pittoresque vues de cordillères et monuments de peuples indigènes de l amérique paris 1810 fundada la escuela nacional de bellas artes san alejandro la jiribilla in european spanish september 7 2018 retrieved 2022 09 20 wpnew 2018 11 27 art schools san alejandro academy interfineart archived from the original on 2020 10 08 retrieved 2020 03 25 cuban art history artists study com retrieved 2020 03 25 latin american art history artists works facts britannica www britannica com retrieved 2024 10 14 george kubler mexican architecture of the sixteenth century 2 vols new haven yale university press 1948 john mcandrew the open air churches of sixteenth century mexico atrios posas open chapels and other studies cambridge harvard university press 1965 james early the colonial architecture of mexico albuquerque university of new mexico press 1994 james early presidio mission and pueblo spanish architecture and urbanism in the united states dallas southern methodist university press 2004 valerie fraser the architecture of conquest building in the viceroyalty of peru 1535 1635 cambridge cambridge university press 1989 harold wethey colonial architecture and sculpture in peru cambridge harvard university press 1949 manuel toussaint arte colonial en méxico mexico universidad nacional autónoma de méxico instituto de investigaciones estéticas 1948 5th edition 1990 damian bayon and murrillo marx history of south american colonial art and architecture new york rizzoli 1989 marcus burke treasures of mexican colonial painting davenport ia the davenport museum of art 1998 richard kagan urban images of the hispanic world 1493 1793 new haven yale university press 2000 gauvin alexander bailey art of colonial latin america london phaidon 2005 kelly donahue wallace art and architecture of viceregal latin america 1521 1821 albuquerque university of new mexico press 2008 emily umbeger and tom cummins eds native artists and patrons in colonial spanish america phoebus a journal of art history phoenix arizona state university 1995 linda bantel and marcus burke spain and new spain mexican colonial arts in their european context exhibition catalog corpus christi tx art museum of south texas 1979 maría concepción garcía sáiz las castas mexicanas un género pictórico americano milan olivetti 1989 new world orders casta painting and colonial latin america exhibition catalog new york americas society art gallery 1996 diana fane ed converging cultures art and identity in spanish america exhibition catalog new york the brooklyn museum in association with harry n abrams 1996 los siglos de oro en los virreinatos de américa 1550 1700 exhibition catalog madrid sociedad estatal para la conmemoración de los centenarios de felipe ii y carlos v 1999 donna pierce et al painting a new world mexican art and life 1521 1821 exhibition catalog denver denver art museum 2004 the arts in latin america 1492 1820 exhibition catalog philadelphia philadelphia museum of art 2006 prado maria ligia coelho 2008 o artista entre a história a política e a pintura retratando a independência no século xix e l tina revista electrónica de estudios latinoamericanos 7 25 17 29 issn 1666 9606 de castro isis pimentel 2006 arte e história a concepção de arte no oitocentos e sua relação com a cultura histórica art history the conception of art in the nineteenth century and its relationship with historical culture sæculum revista de história in portuguese 1st ed brazil editora universitária ufpb pp 172 182 1 2 3 4 lucie smith edward latin american art of the 20th century london thames and hudson ltd 1993 1 2 3 4 barnitz jacqueline twentieth century art of latin america austin tx university of texas press 2001 sullivan edward latin american art london phaidon press 2000 isbn 978 0 7148 3980 6 1 2 baddeley oriana fraser valerie drawing the line art and cultural identity in contemporary latin america london verso 1989 frida kahlo surrealist conflict pdf surrealism paintings moses tai saint frida metroactive books 9 nov 2005 retrieved 18 april 2009 graham de la rosa michael gilbert samuel 26 march 2017 oaxaca s revolutionary street art al jazeera retrieved 25 october 2025 oaxaca ingobernable aesthetics politics and art from below maxwell museum of anthropology university of new mexico retrieved 24 october 2025 greenleaf scholar to present on visualizing collectivity in oaxaca maxwell museum of anthropology university of new mexico 16 september 2016 retrieved 24 october 2025 ramón ribeyro julio 1981 05 17 herman braun marka in spanish peru caballo rojo 14 the fact that a painter uses the works of other painters as subjects for his paintings is not new what is new is to deepen this procedure and make it forcing a little the term a system herman braun trato de ofrecer un testimonio de la situación social el comercio in spanish lima 1984 11 30 during those fifteen years i worked with western iconography trying to offer a testimony a critique of the social situation valette fondo madeleine 25 january 2007 l interpicturalité dans quelques tableaux de braun vega interpicturality in some braun vega paintings in french sens public inspiré du collage cubiste le fragment du journal le monde oriente la lecture d une situation historiquement datée les années soixante mais toujours actuelle le combat des mouvements de libération populaire contre l arbitraire d un régime d occupation répression cárdenas moreno mónica 2016 la culture populaire péruvienne à l intérieur de la tradition artistique européenne passage et métissage dans la peinture d herman braun vega amerika in french 14 doi 10 4000 amerika 7149 via openedition journals le pouvoir est critiqué de plusieurs façons grâce au déplacement des personnages comme nous avons pu le constater dans le cas de l infante marguerite et aussi par le remplacement des personnages le plus puissants de la scène le couple royal reflété dans le miroir braun vega rend contemporain le pouvoir représenté dans le miroir à travers deux personnages le pape jean paul ii accompagné par son invité au vatican kurt waldheim visite qui avait fait scandale en 1987 l ancien secrétaire général de l onu de 1972 à 1981 dont le passé nazi ne fut pas un obstacle pour devenir président de l autriche en 1986 bessière bernard megevand sylvie bessière christiane 2008 los caprichos del fmi goya picasso la peinture hispano américaine in french éditions du temps ed nantes éditions du temps pp 270 274 isbn 978 2 84274 427 4 mais que peuvent bien tramer ces deux femmes et tous les personnages du fond manifestement liés au fonds monétaire international institution chargée depuis 1944 de réguler le système monétaire de la planète sans doute délibèrent ils doctement sur son devenir en particulier celui des régions pudiquement nommées en développement bridging past present and future a conversation with cuban artist sandra ramos kellogg institute for international studies kellog institute at the university of notre dame 2017 11 06 retrieved 2020 03 25 staff aia 2010 10 07 us welcomes cuban artists artnews com retrieved 2020 03 25 further reading edit ades dawn art in latin america the modern era 1820 1980 new haven yale university press 1989 alcalá luisa elena and jonathan brown painting in latin america 1550 1820 new haven yale university press 2014 angulo iñiguez diego et al historia del arte hispano americano 3 vols barcelona 1945 56 anreus alejandro diana l linden and jonathan weinberg eds the social and the real political art of the 1930s in the western hemisphere university park penn state university press 2006 baddeley oriana fraser valerie 1989 drawing the line art and cultural identity in contemporary latin america london verso isbn 978 0 86091 239 2 bailey gauvin alexander art of colonial latin america new york phaidon press 2005 archived 2013 07 17 at the wayback machine barnitz jacqueline twentieth century art of latin america austin university of texas press 2001 bayón d and m marx history of south american colonial art and architecture new york 1992 bottineau yves iberian american baroque new york 1970 cali françois the spanish arts of latin america new york 1961 castedo leopoldo a history of latin american art and architecture new york and washington d c 1969 craven david art and revolution in latin america 1910 1990 new haven yale university press 2002 dean carolyn and dana leibsohn hybridity and its discontents considering visual culture in colonial spanish america colonial latin american review vol 12 no 1 2003 del conde teresa 1996 latin american art in the twentieth century london phaidon press limited isbn 978 0 7148 3980 6 donahue wallace kelly art and architecture of viceregal latin america 1521 1821 albuquerque university of new mexico press 2008 fane diana ed converging cultures art and identity in spanish america exhibition catalogue brooklyn museum of art 1996 fernández justino 1965 mexican art mexico d f spring books frank patrick ed readings in latin american modern art new...