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laurea wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 the laurea degree before the bologna process toggle the laurea degree before the bologna process subsection 1 1 early history 1 2 twentieth century 2 reforms due to the bologna process toggle reforms due to the bologna process subsection 2 1 first cycle laurea 2 2 second cycle laurea magistrale 2 3 third cycle dottorato di ricerca 3 references toggle the table of contents laurea 4 languages français furlan italiano 한국어 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia italian academic degree this article is about the italian academic degree for the university of applied sciences in finland see laurea university of applied sciences this article needs additional citations for verification please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources laurea news newspapers books scholar jstor june 2013 learn how and when to remove this message in italy the laurea is the main post secondary academic degree the name originally referred literally to the laurel wreath since ancient times a sign of honor and now worn by italian students right after their official graduation ceremony and sometimes during the graduation party a graduate is known as a laureato literally crowned with laurel and is awarded the title of dottore or doctor the laurea degree before the bologna process edit see also doctorate italy and dottorato di ricerca history and admission early history edit in the early middle ages italian universities awarded both bachelor s and doctor s degrees however very few bachelor s degrees from italian universities are recorded in the later middle ages and none after 1500 1 students could take the doctoral examination without studying at the university this was criticised by northern europeans as taking a degree per saltum because they had leapt over the regulations requiring years of study at the university 2 twentieth century edit to earn a laurea degree undergraduate students had to complete four to six years of university courses 3 and finally complete a thesis laureati are customarily addressed as dottore for a man or dottoressa for a woman as are holders of at least a laurea legge n 240 2010 art 17 comma 2 riforma gelmini this is in contrast with the convention in countries where the title of doctor is restricted to holders of a phd or in some cases to medical doctors until the introduction of the dottorato di ricerca phd level education in the mid 1980s the laurea constituted the highest academic degree obtainable in italy and gave the holders access to the highest academic positions nobel prize winners such as enrico fermi emilio segrè giulio natta carlo rubbia and giorgio parisi held it as their highest degree the pre bologna laurea degree formally named diploma di laurea or laurea vecchio ordinamento or laurea is now equivalent under italian law 4 to the new italian master s degree named laurea magistrale reforms due to the bologna process edit spurred by the bologna process a major reform was instituted in 1999 to align its programmes with the more universal system of undergraduate bachelor s degree and postgraduate studies master s and doctoral degrees this allowed for greater mobility of university students via exchange programmes to other countries such as the united states and commonwealth nations the old laurea was split into undergraduate and postgraduate studies and their programmes have been reformed 5 first cycle laurea edit the laurea 180 ects credits a first cycle degree that is equivalent to a bachelor s degree includes bachelor level courses simpler than those of the old laurea and its normative time to completion is three years note that in italy scuola secondaria superiore or lyceum high school takes five years so it ends at 19 years of age to earn a laurea the student must complete a thesis but a less demanding one than required for the old laurea typically a non research thesis a graduate is granted by law the title of dottore shortened dr or dott or doctor second cycle laurea magistrale edit the laurea magistrale formerly known as laurea specialistica 2002 2006 is a second cycle degree equivalent to a master s degree 120 ects credits which can be earned in a two year programme after the laurea and requires an extensive thesis usually 150 250 pages in some fields particularly medicine law engineering and architecture the laurea magistrale a ciclo unico is awarded this is a five or six year second cycle master s degree 300 or 360 ects which does not require a previous first cycle degree for the admission like an integrated master s degree in the uk 6 the laurea magistrale should not be confused with the italian master which is not a master s degree but a one year diploma 60 ects which guarantees a more practical education but does not give access to further levels of studies it can be considered similar to a postgraduate certificate or a postgraduate diploma a i level master master di i livello is a diploma which can be obtained after a laurea a ii level master master di ii livello can be gained after a laurea magistrale and is useful for pursuing further studies like a phd or for professional achievements a graduate is granted by law the title of dottore magistrale shortened as dr mag or dott mag or magistral doctor however the title is not commonly used and graduates are simply addressed as doctor third cycle dottorato di ricerca edit main article dottorato di ricerca the dottorato di ricerca equivalent to a doctor of philosophy is a third cycle degree which can be undertaken only after achieving a laurea magistrale it was introduced in the mid 1980s 7 and consists of three four years of phd level courses and experimental work including the final defense of an innovative thesis other than the phd another third cycle title is the diploma di specializzazione gained after a two year law diploma di specializzazione in professioni legali or a three to six year medicine depending on the particular field course of study and research 8 to enrol for a diploma di specializzazione a laurea magistrale in law or medicine respectively is required the diploma di specializzazione in professioni legali is one of the ways to access the competition for appointment as a judge 9 whereas the specializzazione in a specific medical field is required to be recognized as a specialist medical doctor 10 a graduate is granted by law the title of dottore di ricerca shortened as dr ric dott ric or phd or research doctor however the title is not commonly used and graduates are simply addressed as doctor or append phd to their name following the english system of post nominals references edit grendler paul f 1998 how to get a degree in fifteen days erasmus doctorate of theology from the university of turin erasmus of rotterdam society yearbook 18 40 69 49 doi 10 1163 187492798x00050 reprinted in grendler paul f 2006 renaissance education between religion and politics aldershot ashgate isbn 9780860789895 grendler paul f 2001 the universities of the italian renaissance baltimore johns hopkins university press p 181 isbn 9780801880551 fleck christian september 2018 shaping human science disciplines cham switzerland palgrave macmillan p 164 isbn 9783319927794 decreto interministeriale del 9 luglio 2009 atti ministeriali miur attiministeriali miur it archived from the original on 2014 12 12 retrieved 2013 05 27 qti archived from the original on 23 march 2011 retrieved 5 february 2015 decreto ministeriale del 16 marzo 2007 atti ministeriali miur attiministeriali miur it archived from the original on 2013 07 02 retrieved 2013 05 27 decreto presidente repubblica 11 luglio 1980 n 382 retrieved 5 february 2015 ects il sistema universitario italiano retrieved 5 february 2015 ministero della giustizia magistrato ordinario come si diventa retrieved 5 february 2015 ssm scuole di specializzazione in medicina scuole specializzazione miur it v t e levels of academic degree undergraduate isced level 5 associate degree foundation degree higher national diploma diploma of higher education certificate of higher education isced level 6 bachelor s degree honours degree postgraduate isced level 7 diplom degree engineer s degree master s degree postgraduate diploma certificate candidate of philosophy isced level 8 doctorate candidate of sciences other postdoctoral docent fellow habilitation higher doctorate tenure no dominant classification academic certificate artist diploma certificate of advanced study external degree graduate certificate graduate diploma higher diploma laurea licentiate magister degree microdegree professional degree specialist degree diploma terminal degree unearned ad eundem degree honorary degree master of arts oxford cambridge and dublin retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title laurea oldid 1304418676 categories education in italy academic degrees hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from june 2013 all articles needing additional references articles containing latin language text this page was last edited on 5 august 2025 at 23 13 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution 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