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law of finland wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 enacting laws 3 publication of laws 4 see also 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents law of finland 4 languages فارسی suomi français українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia the law of finland finnish suomen laki swedish finlands lag is based on the civil law tradition primarily consisting of statutory law promulgated by the parliament of finland in the statutory hierarchy the constitution finnish suomen perustuslaki swedish finlands grundlag originally approved in 1919 and rewritten in 2000 holds supreme authority and establishes basic rights and key procedures for enacting and applying legislation with acts of parliament finnish laki swedish lag serving as primary legislation alongside the constitution though subordinate to acts on the autonomy of åland permanent decrees finnish asetus swedish förordning may be issued by the president of the republic finnish tasavallan presidentti swedish republikens president government finnish valtioneuvosto swedish stadsrådet or a ministry finnish ministeriö swedish ministerium when permitted by an act of parliament decrees serve as secondary legislation clarifying acts and guide their implementation but cannot contradict them 1 as a member of the european union european union law is in force in finland and finland implements eu directives through national legislation the court of justice of the european union is the ultimate authority on matters within the competence of the european union as is typical in civil law systems judicial decisions are generally not authoritative and there is limited development of precedent supreme court decisions may be cited but courts are not bound to follow previous rulings similar to sweden administrative law is interpreted by a separate system of administrative courts history edit finnish law and legal traditions are rooted in swedish law and more broadly in the scandinavian and german legal traditions which are subsets of roman law the oldest instruction still applied is olaus petri s instructions for judges from 1530 although these are not legally binding parts of the oldest act formally still in force are contained within the swedish civil code of 1734 books of court procedure oikeudenkäymiskaari trade kauppakaari and construction rakennuskaari formally remain in force however many corresponding acts have been repealed in sweden in practice these older laws have been gradually superseded over time and many provisions are no longer enforced such as references to fines denominated in the ancient currency of the swedish riksdaler 2 3 a divergence from swedish tradition began after the transfer of sovereignty to russia in 1809 significant codifications were made during imperial russian sovereignty including the criminal code promulgated by czar alexander iii in 1889 4 finland had a representative body the diet of finland which convened in 1809 and was dissolved in 1906 the diet was only actively legislative from 1863 between 1809 and 1863 the country was governed primarily by administrative means 5 towards the end of the 19th century the imperial russian government began restricting finnish autonomy often refusing royal assent the diet was replaced by the modern parliament of finland eduskunta in 1906 following general strikes and protesting spurred by the defeat in the russo japanese war against the february manifesto issued in 1899 6 following independence in 1917 the constitution of finland was promulgated in 1919 the constitution underwent numerous amendments throughout the 20th century scattered across various acts in 2000 a rewritten consolidated version was enacted to replace them enacting laws edit acts of parliament form the primary body of law typically the finnish government proposes a bill to the parliament of finland though members of parliament and the public through citizens initiatives may also do so bills proposed by members of parliament usually do not get processed due to great deference to bills proposed by the government constitutional law expert ilkka saraviita has stated the government has a legislative monopoly 7 once amended and approved by parliament the act is submitted to the president of finland for presidential assent upon the president s signature the act becomes law the president may exercise a right of veto but parliament can override the veto with a simple majority decrees are based on an authorization authorization for delegation stipulated in an act of parliament decrees can be issued by the finnish government the president of finland and individual ministries they are formally enacted during president in session with the government presidentin esittely the european union can issue both regulations which are directly applicable law in member states and directives which are implemented in finland through acts of parliament publication of laws edit finland does not have a single unified civil code unlike countries such as france or germany all laws are published in the official journal suomen säädöskokoelma the statutes of finland upon promulgation most legislation is available through the online finlex database published by edita publishing oy and in a two volume book set suomen laki published by talentum media however these collections are not entirely exhaustive see also edit judicial system of finland law enforcement in finland references edit sarvilinna sami in winterton and moys eds information sources in law second edition bowker saur 1997 chapter ten finland pages 163 to 176 saraviita ilkka perustuslaki 2nd ed p 35 37 oy edita publishing finlex ajantasainen lainsäädäntö 1734 www finlex fi archived copy pdf archived from the original pdf on 2017 09 29 retrieved 2017 09 29 cite web cs1 maint archived copy as title link oy edita publishing finlex ajantasainen lainsäädäntö rikoslaki 39 1889 www finlex fi aalto jari et al hongisto mäenpää maria karonen petri niiranen susanna puustinen mikko h j vilkuna kustaa 2024 sallanen minna ed ruotsin itämaasta suomeksi opus 5 in finnish edita pp 156 157 isbn 9789513783723 aalto jari et al mikkonen simo penttinen nina puustinen mikko vares vesa veijola anna 2023 sallanen minna ed itsenäisen suomen historia opus 3 in finnish 2nd ed edita pp 44 47 isbn 9789513777777 saraviita ilkka 2011 perustuslaki constitution in finnish 2nd ed talentum pp 390 392 595 isbn 9789521416149 external links edit guide to law online finland from the library of congress finlex database official translations of statutes and ordinances on finlex v t e law in europe sovereign states albania andorra armenia austria azerbaijan belarus belgium bosnia and herzegovina bulgaria croatia cyprus czech republic denmark estonia finland france georgia germany greece hungary iceland ireland italy kazakhstan latvia liechtenstein lithuania luxembourg malta moldova monaco montenegro netherlands north macedonia norway poland portugal romania russia san marino serbia slovakia slovenia spain sweden switzerland turkey ukraine united kingdom england northern ireland scotland wales vatican city states with limited recognition abkhazia kosovo northern cyprus south ossetia transnistria dependencies and other entities åland faroe islands gibraltar guernsey isle of man jersey svalbard other entities european union retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title law_of_finland oldid 1369533336 category law of finland hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing finnish language text articles containing swedish language text cs1 maint archived copy as title cs1 finnish language sources fi this page was last edited on 15 august 2026 at 15 30 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents law of finland 4 languages add topic