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Text of the page (random words):
lenticular lens wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 applications toggle applications subsection 1 1 lenticular printing 1 2 corrective lenses 1 3 lenticular screens 1 3 1 3d television 1 4 lenticular color motion picture processes 2 angle of view of a lenticular print toggle angle of view of a lenticular print subsection 2 1 angle within the lens 2 1 1 definitions 2 1 2 calculation 2 2 angle outside the lens 2 3 example 3 rear focal plane of a lenticular network toggle rear focal plane of a lenticular network subsection 3 1 example 4 see also 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents lenticular lens 3 languages deutsch polski русский edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia technology for making moving images a series of cylindrical lenses molded in a plastic substrate a lenticular lens is an array of lenses designed so that when viewed from slightly different angles different parts of the image underneath are shown 1 2 failed verification see discussion the most common example is the lenses used in lenticular printing where the technology is used to give an illusion of depth or to make images that appear to change or move as the image is viewed from different angles applications edit lenticular printing edit principle of operation of an animated or 3d lenticular print showing repetition of views main article lenticular printing lenticular printing is a multi step process consisting of creating a lenticular image from at least two existing images and combining it with a lenticular lens this process can be used to create various frames of animation for a motion effect offsetting the various layers at different increments for a 3d effect or simply to show a set of alternate images which may appear to transform into each other corrective lenses edit lenticular lenses are sometimes used as corrective lenses for improving vision a bifocal lens could be considered a simple example lenticular eyeglass lenses have been employed to correct extreme hyperopia farsightedness a condition often created by cataract surgery when lens implants are not possible to limit the great thickness and weight that such high power lenses would otherwise require all the power of the lens is concentrated in a small area in the center in appearance such a lens is often described as resembling a fried egg a hemisphere atop a flat surface the flat surface or carrier lens has little or no power and is there merely to fill up the rest of the eyeglass frame and to hold or carry the lenticular portion of the lens this portion is typically 40 mm 1 6 in in diameter but may be smaller as little as 20 mm 0 79 in in sufficiently high powers these lenses are generally used for plus hyperopic corrections at about 12 diopters or higher a similar sort of eyeglass lens is the myodisc sometimes termed a minus lenticular lens used for very high negative myopic corrections more aesthetic aspheric lens designs are sometimes fitted 3 a film made of cylindrical lenses molded in a plastic substrate as shown in above picture can be applied to the inside of standard glasses to correct for diplopia the film is typically applied to the eye with the good muscle control of direction diplopia also known as double vision is typically caused by a sixth cranial nerve palsy that prevents full control of the muscles that control the direction the eye is pointed in these films are defined in the number of degrees of correction that is needed where the higher the degree the higher the directive correction that is needed lenticular screens edit screens with a molded lenticular surface are frequently used with projection television systems in this case the purpose of the lenses is to focus more of the light into a horizontal beam and allow less of the light to escape above and below the plane of the viewer in this way the apparent brightness of the image is increased ordinary front projection screens can also be described as lenticular in this case rather than transparent lenses the shapes formed are tiny curved reflectors lenticular screens are most often used for ambient light rejecting projector screens for ultra short throw projectors 4 the lenticular structure of the surface reflects the light from the projector to the viewer without reflecting the light from sources above the screen 3d television edit as of 2010 update a number of manufacturers were developing auto stereoscopic high definition 3d televisions using lenticular lens systems to avoid the need for special spectacles one of these chinese manufacturer tcl was selling a 42 inch 110 cm lcd model the td 42f in china for around us 20 000 5 in 2021 only specialist manufacturers are making these kinds of display 6 lenticular color motion picture processes edit lenticular lenses were used in early color motion picture processes of the 1920s such as the keller dorian system and kodacolor this enabled color pictures with the use of merely monochrome film stock 7 angle of view of a lenticular print edit the angle of view of a lenticular print is the range of angles within which the observer can see the entire image this is determined by the maximum angle at which a ray can leave the image through the correct lenticule angle within the lens edit the diagram at right shows in green the most extreme ray within the lenticular lens that will be refracted correctly by the lens this ray leaves one edge of an image strip at the lower right and exits through the opposite edge of the corresponding lenticule definitions edit r displaystyle r is the angle between the extreme ray and the normal at the point where it exits the lens p displaystyle p is the pitch or width of each lenticular cell r displaystyle r is the radius of curvature of the lenticule e displaystyle e is the thickness of the lenticular lens h displaystyle h is the thickness of the substrate below the curved surface of the lens and n displaystyle n is the lens s index of refraction calculation edit r a arctan p h displaystyle r a arctan left p over h right where a arcsin p 2 r displaystyle a arcsin left p over 2r right h e f displaystyle h e f is the distance from the back of the grating to the edge of the lenticule and f r r 2 p 2 2 displaystyle f r sqrt r 2 left p over 2 right 2 angle outside the lens edit the angle outside the lens is given by refraction of the ray determined above the full angle of observation o displaystyle o is given by o 2 a i displaystyle o 2 a i where i displaystyle i is the angle between the extreme ray and the normal outside the lens from snell s law i arcsin n sin r n a displaystyle i arcsin left n sin r over n_ a right where n a 1 0003 displaystyle n_ a approx 1 0003 is the index of refraction of air example edit consider a lenticular print that has lenses with 336 65 μm pitch 190 5 μm radius of curvature 457 μm thickness and an index of refraction of 1 557 the full angle of observation o displaystyle o would be 64 6 rear focal plane of a lenticular network edit the focal length of the lens is calculated from the lensmaker s equation which in this case simplifies to f r n 1 displaystyle f r over n 1 where f displaystyle f is the focal length of the lens the back focal plane is located at a distance b f d displaystyle bfd from the back of the lens b f d f e n displaystyle bfd f e over n a negative bfd indicates that the focal plane lies inside the lens in most cases lenticular lenses are designed to have the rear focal plane coincide with the back plane of the lens the condition for this coincidence is b f d 0 displaystyle bfd 0 or e n r n 1 displaystyle e nr over n 1 this equation imposes a relation between the lens thickness e displaystyle e and its radius of curvature r displaystyle r example edit the lenticular lens in the example above has focal length 342 μm and back focal distance 48 μm indicating that the focal plane of the lens falls 48 micrometers behind the image printed on the back of the lens see also edit fresnel lens a different flat lens technology integral imaging microlens references edit lenticular how it works lenstar org archived from the original on 3 may 2016 retrieved 25 may 2017 diy printed holographic display lenticular optics explained 7 march 2021 archived from the original on 21 december 2021 retrieved 8 may 2021 jalie mo 2003 ophthalmic lenses and dispensing elsevier health sciences p 178 isbn 0 7506 5526 7 lenticular projector screen vs fresnel projector screen for ultra short throws projectorscreen com retrieved 15 june 2022 rosmarin rachel 9 january 2010 give me 3d tv without the glasses tom s guide archived from the original on 13 february 2010 retrieved 6 may 2010 factory looking glass looking glass factory the world s leading holographic display looking glass factory the world s leading holographic display retrieved 8 may 2021 flueckiger barbara lenticular films on timeline of historical film colors archived from the original on 9 july 2014 retrieved 29 june 2014 bartholdi paul 1997 quelques notions d optique in french observatoire de genève retrieved 19 december 2007 soulier bernard 2002 principe de fonctionnement de l optique lenticulaire in french séquence 3d retrieved 22 december 2007 okoshi takanori three dimensional imaging techniques atara press 2011 isbn 978 0 9822251 4 1 external links edit lecture slides covering lenticular lenses powerpoint by john canny choosing the right lenticular sheet for inkjet printer history of lenticular and related autostereoscopic methods by david e roberts v t e stereoscopy and 3d display perception 3d stereo view binocular rivalry binocular vision chromostereopsis convergence insufficiency correspondence problem peripheral vision depth perception epipolar geometry kinetic depth effect stereoblindness stereopsis stereopsis recovery stereoscopic acuity vergence accommodation conflict display technologies active shutter 3d system anaglyph 3d autostereogram autostereoscopy bubblegram head mounted display holography integral imaging lenticular lens multiscopy parallax barrier parallax scrolling polarized 3d system specular holography stereo display stereoscope vectograph virtual retinal display volumetric display wiggle stereoscopy other technologies 2d to 3d conversion 2d plus delta 2d plus depth computer stereo vision multiview video coding parallax scanning pseudoscope stereo photography techniques stereoautograph stereoscopic depth rendition stereoscopic rangefinder stereoscopic spectroscopy stereoscopic video coding product types 3d camcorder 3d film 3d television 3d enabled mobile phones 4d film blu ray 3d digital 3d stereo camera stereo microscope stereoscopic video game virtual reality headset notable products dolby 3d fujifilm finepix real 3d infitec masterimage 3d nintendo 3ds new 3ds nvidia 3d vision panavision 3d reald 3d sharp actius rd3d view master xpand 3d miscellany stereographer stereoscopic displays and applications retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title lenticular_lens oldid 1343057007 categories lenses 3d display hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from march 2020 all articles with failed verification articles with failed verification from may 2017 articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010 all articles containing potentially dated statements cs1 french language sources fr this page was last edited on 12 march 2026 at 01 01 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents lenticular lens 3 languages add topic