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encyclopædia, britannica, parthenocissus, hypoglauca, cissus, ampelopsis, vitaceae, volubilis, petrea, verbenaceae, smilax, smilacaceae, schlegelia, schlegeliaceae, toddalia, asiatica, rutaceae, uncaria, rubiaceae, ziziphus, ventilago, rhamnaceae, paullinia, rosa, banksiae, rosaceae, aculeata, moutabea, polygalaceae, jasminum, oleaceae, bougainvillea, nyctaginaceae, nepenthes, nepenthaceae, axillaris, strychnos, loganiaceae, gnetum, gnetophyta, flagellaria, indica, flagellariaceae, wisteria, macrobotrys, strongylodon, americas, schnella, phanera, kudzu, montana, pueraria, pterolobium, bennettii, mucuna, mezoneuron, machaerium, hultholia, mimosoides, derris, dalbergia, armata, cheniella, callerya, megasperma, concinna, acacia, fabaceae, sylvatica, dioscorea, dioscoreaceae, doliocarpus, dilleniaceae, connarus, connaraceae, celastrus, celastraceae, capparis, capparaceae, pyrostegia, anemopaegma, bignoniaceae, aristolochia, aristolochiaceae, lancifolius, pothos, araceae, synonyms, 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liana wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 ecology 2 examples 3 references 4 external links toggle the table of contents liana 66 languages аԥсшәа afrikaans العربية basa bali беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български bosanski català čeština dansk deutsch esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français nordfriisk gaeilge galego हिन्दी hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia ido italiano jawa ქართული қазақша 한국어 кыргызча latina limburgs lietuvių latviešu malagasy മലയാളം bahasa melayu nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål ирон polski português runa simi română русский sängö simple english српски srpski sunda svenska தமிழ் ไทย türkçe українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt winaray 吴语 მარგალური 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia type of woody vine this article is about a plant growth form for other uses of liana see liana disambiguation mixed species tangle of lianas in tropical australia lianas in udawattakele sri lanka a canopy of entada gigas that has formed over a monkey ladder vine bauhinia glabra on kauai hawaii liana tangle across a forest in the western ghats a liana l i ˈ æ n ə lee ann ə also ɑː n ə ah nə is a long stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees as well as other means of vertical support to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight 1 2 the word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping but rather a habit of plant growth much like tree or shrub it comes from standard french liane itself from an antilles french dialect word meaning to sheave citation needed ecology edit lianas are characteristic of tropical moist broadleaf forests especially seasonal forests but may be found in temperate rainforests and temperate deciduous forests there are also temperate lianas for example the members of the clematis or vitis wild grape genera lianas can form bridges in the forest canopy providing arboreal animals including ants and many other invertebrates lizards rodents sloths monkeys and lemurs with paths through the forest for example in the eastern tropical forests of madagascar many lemurs achieve higher mobility from the web of lianas draped among the vertical tree species many lemurs prefer trees with lianas because of their roots 3 lianas are parasitic they do not derive nutrients directly from host trees but live on and indirectly derive nutrients at their expense 2 specifically their growth may greatly reduce their hosts growth 4 and tree reproduction 5 greatly increase tree mortality 6 prevent tree seedlings from establishing 4 alter the course of regeneration in forests 7 and ultimately decrease tree population growth rates 8 for example forests without lianas grow 150 more fruit and trees with lianas have twice the probability of dying 9 lianas are uniquely adapted to living in forests as they use host trees for stability to reach to top of the canopy lianas directly damage their hosts by mechanical abrasion and strangulation render hosts more susceptible to ice and wind damage citation needed and increase the probability that the host tree falls citation needed lianas also provide support for weaker trees when strong winds blow by laterally anchoring them to stronger trees 10 however this anchoring can also be destructive because when one tree falls the connections made by the lianas can cause many other trees to fall 10 because of these negative effects trees that remain free of lianas are at an advantage some species have evolved characteristics which help them avoid or shed lianas 11 some lianas attain great length such as bauhinia sp in surinam which has grown as long as 600 m 2 000 ft 12 13 hawkins has accepted a length of 1 5 km 1 mile for an entada phaseoloides 14 the longest monocot liana is calamus manan or calamus ornatus at 240 m 787 ft 15 one way of distinguishing lianas from trees and shrubs is their stiffness specifically the young s modulus of various parts of the stem trees and shrubs have young twigs and smaller branches that are quite flexible and older growth such as trunks and large branches that are stiffer a liana often has stiff young growths and older more flexible growth at the base of the stem 16 because of these stresses some lianas grow flat ribbon like stems which are very flexible including certain bauhinia species entada species some tetrastigma species as well as serjania icthyoctonia and thinonia scandens both in the sapindaceae these last two go still further and the ribbon divides into parallel strands 17 examples edit some examples of taxa with lianas include acanthaceae mendoncia thunbergia such as t grandiflora and t mysorensis anacardiaceae attilaea rhus toxicodendron ancistrocladaceae ancistrocladus annonaceae artabotrys fissistigma uvaria apocynaceae fockea e g f multiflora odontadenia stephanotis strophanthus e g s sarmentosus trachelospermum e g t jasminoides arecaceae calamus synonyms including daemonorops araceae pothos e g p lancifolius aristolochiaceae aristolochia bignoniaceae anemopaegma pyrostegia capparaceae capparis celastraceae celastrus connaraceae connarus dilleniaceae doliocarpus 2 dioscoreaceae dioscorea e g d sylvatica fabaceae some acacia e g a concinna callerya megasperma cheniella asia dalbergia armata derris entada hultholia mimosoides machaerium mezoneuron mucuna e g m bennettii pterolobium pueraria e g p montana or kudzu phanera asia to australia schnella tropical americas strongylodon e g s macrobotrys wisteria flagellariaceae flagellaria indica gnetophyta gnetum loganiaceae strychnos e g s axillaris nepenthaceae nepenthes nyctaginaceae bougainvillea oleaceae jasminum polygalaceae moutabea e g m aculeata rosaceae rosa banksiae sapindaceae paullinia rhamnaceae ventilago ziziphus rubiaceae uncaria rutaceae toddalia asiatica schlegeliaceae schlegelia smilacaceae smilax verbenaceae petrea e g p volubilis vitaceae ampelopsis cissus e g c hypoglauca parthenocissus tetrastigma vitis references edit liana encyclopædia britannica 1 2 3 schnitzer s a bongers f 2002 the ecology of lianas and their role in forests trends in ecology and evolution 17 5 223 230 doi 10 1016 s0169 5347 02 02491 6 rendigs a radespiel u wrogemann d zimmermann e 2003 relationship between microhabitat structure and distribution of mouse lemurs microcebus spp in northwestern madagascar international journal of primatology 24 1 47 64 bibcode 2003ijpri 24 47r doi 10 1023 a 1021494428294 s2cid 20661112 1 2 schnitzer s a carson 2010 lianas suppress tree regeneration and diversity in treefall gaps ecology letters 13 7 849 857 bibcode 2010ecoll 13 849s doi 10 1111 j 1461 0248 2010 01480 x pmid 20482581 wright s j jaramillo a m pavon j condit r hubbell s p foster r b 2005 reproductive size thresholds in tropical trees variation among individuals species and forests journal of tropical ecology 21 3 307 315 doi 10 1017 s0266467405002294 s2cid 42171771 ingwell l l wright s j becklund k k hubbell s p schnitzer s a 2010 the impact of lianas on 10 years of tree growth and mortality on barro colorado island panama journal of ecology 98 4 879 887 bibcode 2010jecol 98 879i doi 10 1111 j 1365 2745 2010 01676 x schnitzer s a dalling j w carson w p 2000 the impact of lianas on tree regeneration in tropical forest canopy gaps evidence for an alternative pathway of gap phase regeneration journal of ecology 88 4 655 666 bibcode 2000jecol 88 655s doi 10 1046 j 1365 2745 2000 00489 x visser marco d schnitzer stefan a muller landau helene c jongejans eelke de kroon hans comita liza s hubbell stephen p wright s joseph zuidema pieter 2018 tree species vary widely in their tolerance for liana infestation a case study of differential host response to generalist parasites journal of ecology 106 2 781 794 bibcode 2018jecol 106 781v doi 10 1111 1365 2745 12815 hdl 2066 176867 issn 0022 0477 landers jackson 13 june 2017 tarzan s favorite mode of travel the liana vine chokes off a tree s ability to bear fruit smithsonian retrieved 20 june 2017 1 2 garrido pérez e i dupuy j m durán garcía r gerold g schnitzer s a ucan may m 2008 structural effects of lianas and hurricane wilma on trees in yucatan peninsula mexico journal of tropical ecology 24 5 559 562 doi 10 1017 s0266467408005221 s2cid 83919534 putz f e 1984 how trees avoid and shed lianas biotropica 16 1 19 23 bibcode 1984biotr 16 19p doi 10 2307 2387889 jstor 2387889 rohwer prof jens g 2000 tropical plants of the world new york sterling pub co inc p 18 sanderson ivan t loth david 1965 ivan sanderson s book of great jungles new york simon and schuster p 144 hawkins r e ed 1986 encyclopedia of indian natural history delhi oxford university press p 199 richards paul w 1952 tropical rain forest cambridge university press p 102 quoting prof melchior treub observations sur les plantes grimphantes de jardin botanique buitenzorg annales de jardin buitenzorg 1883 p 175 lahaye r civeyrel l speck t rowe n p 2005 evolution of shrub like growth forms in the lianoid subfamily secamonoideae apocynaceae s l of madagascar phylogeny biomechanics and development american journal of botany 92 8 1381 96 bibcode 2005amjb 92 1381l doi 10 3732 ajb 92 8 1381 pmid 21646158 eames arthur j macdaniels laurence h 1923 introduction to plant anatomy new york mcgraw hill book co p 258 external links edit lianas and climbing plants of the neotropics lianas and climbing plants of the neotropics family treatments vines and lianas by rhett butler at http rainforests mongabay com 0406 htm lianas the new student s reference work 1914 v t e botany history outline subdisciplines archaeobotany astrobotany bryology dendrology ethnobotany paleobotany phycology phytochemistry phytogeography geobotany plant anatomy plant ecology plant intelligence plant pathology plant physiology plant groups algae archaeplastida bryophyte non vascular plants vascular plants fern lycophyte spermatophytes gymnosperm angiosperm plant anatomy plant morphology glossary plant cells cell wall phragmoplast plastid plasmodesma vacuole tissues cork ground tissue mesophyll meristem storage organs vascular tissue vascular bundle wood vegetative bulb root rhizoid rhizome shoot bud leaf cataphyll petiole sessility stem reproductive incl flower archegonium antheridium androecium pollen stamen anther filament staminode tapetum flower aestivation flower development floral diagram floral formula floral symmetry whorl fruit anatomy berry capsule nut pyrena seed dispersal endosperm gametophyte gynandrium gynoecium carpel ovary locule ovule stigma style hypanthium floral cup inflorescence bract pedicellate raceme umbel perianth tepal petal sepal plant embryo receptacle sporophyll sporophyte surface structures cuticle epicuticular wax epidermis nectar stoma thorns spines and prickles trichome plant physiology materials aleurone apical dominance bulk flow cellulose nutrition photosynthesis chlorophyll phytomelanin plant hormones respiration gas exchange cellular respiration sap starch sugar transpiration turgor pressure plant growth and habit habit cushion plants rosettes shrubs prostrate shrubs subshrubs succulent plants trees vines lianas herbaceous plants secondary growth woody plants reproduction evolution ecology alternation of generations double fertilization evolutionary development evolutionary history timeline flora germination pollination artificial pollinators pollen tube self sporangium microsporangia microspore megasporangium megaspore spore plant taxonomy biological classification botanical nomenclature botanical name correct name author citation international code of nomenclature icn icn for cultivated plants icncp cultivated plant taxonomy citrus taxonomy cultigen cultivar group grex history of plant systematics herbarium international association for plant taxonomy iapt plant taxonomy systems taxonomic rank practice agronomy floriculture forestry horticulture phytochemical lists related botanical terms botanists by author abbreviation botanical expeditions individual trees oldest trees superlative trees tallest trees plants category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title liana oldid 1364787520 categories vines plant morphology biology terminology plant life forms plants by habit hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from june 2017 articles containing french language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from may 2023 articles with unsourced statements from april 2024 wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the nsrw wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the nsrw with an wstitle parameter this page was last edited on 18 july 2026 at 15 02 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents liana 66 languages add topic