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ary theory edit lise vogel has put some light on the development of the marxist thought on the woman question as johanna brenner mentions feminists including a great part of socialist feminists had commonly assumed that classical marxist theory had little to say about women s oppression and the little it had to say was wrong 4 this led to the adoption of a dual system theory by most socialist feminists with two parallel autonomous structures of oppression patriarchy and capitalism an approach in which marxism which could only explain class exploitation but not women s oppression had to be combined with feminism a necessary theory to explain the patriarchal oppression of women one of the most paradigmatic and influential texts holding this approach was heidi hartmann s article the unhappy marriage of marxism and feminism towards a more progressive union lise vogel challenges this view in her book marxism and the oppression of women as well as in other articles defending a unitary perspective she also has a text in response to hartmann s article in which she argues that there is no need for some new synthesis between marxism or socialism and feminism rather it is marxist theory itself that must be developed and socialist practice that must be transformed 5 marxist legacies on the woman question edit in marxism and the oppression of women she reviews the most important texts of the marxist woman question and identifies two legacies that have coexisted the dual system perspective and the social reproduction perspective the dual system approach understands women s oppression as deriving from their situation within an autonomous system of sex divisions of labor and male supremacy 3 viewing class and gender as two autonomous structures women s oppression and class oppression are viewed as essentially independent and there is the implicit idea that two motors drive the development of history class struggle and sex struggle this dual character can be seen for instance in the commonly cited fragment from engels s preface to the first edition of the origin of the family private property and the state according to the materialistic conception the determining factor in history is in the final instance the production and reproduction of immediate life this again is of a twofold character on the one side the production of the means of existence of food clothing and shelter and the tools necessary for that production on the other side the production of human beings themselves the propagation of the species the social organization under which the people of a particular historical epoch and a particular country live is determined by both kinds of production by the stage of development of labour on the one hand and of the family on the other 6 this legacy continued with the works of august bebel eleanor marx and edward aveling and has been inherited by the dual system socialist feminists by contrast vogel argues that the social reproduction perspective comes from marx s capital and consists on the idea that women s oppression has its roots in women s differential location within social reproduction as a whole 3 according to this approach class struggle would be the central dynamic of social development and the major characteristic of a class society would still be the appropriation of surplus labor by the dominant class nevertheless this appropriation would require the constant renewal of the working class including generational replacement in which women play a vital role despite situating the roots for this perspective in marx s capital it s important to remark that marx doesn t talk about the position of women nor does he mention domestic or reproductive labor in the capital s section simple reproduction where the idea of social reproduction is presented yet marx introduces the eloquent idea that capitalist production needs the constant reproduction of the workers through the transformation of the means of subsistence into the labor power 7 lise vogel s contribution is precisely to situate women s oppression and domestic labor in this scheme founding what would later be called the social reproduction theory however she argues that some marxists she mentions lenin and clara zetkin had already conceived the woman question from the point of view of the reproduction of labor power therefore this approach can also be considered a legacy from marxism the development of the social reproduction perspective or the social reproduction theory can be considered vogel s major contribution to marxist feminist theory on the domestic labor debate edit regarding the domestic labor debate vogel conceptualizes domestic labor as the necessary labor that reproduces labor power she points out that as reproductive labor it doesn t produce surplus value but only use value therefore it doesn t fit into the marxist category of productive labor she argues that it should be situated in the marxist category of necessary labor instead in her own words domestic labour is the portion of necessary labour that is performed outside the sphere of capitalist production for the reproduction of labour power to take place both the domestic and the social components of necessary labour are required 3 on the debates between the equality and difference approach edit with respect to the debates between the equality and difference approach and the united states gender policies vogel analyses the positions of each perspective and the policies supported on each side on the one hand the equality approach holds that men and women should be treated equally and therefore argues that maternity leave should be regulated as any other medical leave claiming for a job protected leave available for all temporally disabled workers on the other hand the difference approach affirms that special rights are required for women including a specific protection in their maternity leave in order to achieve real equality 8 vogel argues in favor of transcending this debate proposing a gender neutrality perspective based on the concept of diversity that combines respect for differences with commitment to equality using gender neutral legal rules 9 the idea is that in a diverse society in which different individuals or groups have special needs and responsibilities equality is compatible with special accommodations 10 but this should not be reduced to gender difference impact and criticisms edit according to ferguson and mcnally the only significant scholar response to the first edition of marxism and the oppression of women which is lise vogel s most important book was written by the socialist feminist johanna brenner 11 brenner while recognizing the value of vogel s work asserts that the social reproduction perspective fails to explain men s systematic resistance to equality and doesn t address the question of why the outcome of class struggle seems to almost universally result in a family system with men in power she also remarks that her approach to a certain degree ignores the conflict between men and women s interests as well as the power relations between working class men and women 4 another author who criticized not specifically vogel s work but the social reproduction approach is himani bannerji bannerji adverts that due to its great influence from structuralism this perspective is unable to understand the role of political subjectivity what she means is that by paying attention to the existing structures of society social reproduction feminists leave unexplored the processes through which these structures came to be the way they are losing the sense of history 11 moreover she claims that due to their economistic reading of marx s capital and also as a result of their tendency to abstraction marxist feminists don t pay enough attention to race and ethnicity they ignore the specificity of differential exploitation that actually exists in an economic organization and she continues not even functionally do they apply the categories of race and ethnicity and attend to practices of racism to augment their understanding of capital 12 while the first edition of marxism and the oppression of women in 1983 made almost no impact after thirty years the second edition of the book 2013 had a very different reception since the publication of the second edition five years ago lise vogel has been invited to give talks all over the world the book has had many reviews it had already been published in turkish and chinese but the second edition was also translated to german and turkish and new translations are underway 13 according to ferguson and mcnally if vogel s work didn t initially get the attention it deserved is because it appeared at a moment of acute disarray for the socialist feminist movement with neoliberalism in the political sphere and postmodern theory in the intellectual realm 11 in contrast new anti capitalist movements are emerging today and the interest on marxist theory is growing again at the moment that is the reason why marxism and the oppression of women has made an impact only after so many years bibliography edit books edit marxism and the oppression of women toward a unitary theory brill haymarket 2013 expanded from the 1983 edition translated into chinese 2009 turkish 2015 german in press woman questions essays for a materialist feminism routledge and pluto press 1995 mothers on the job maternity policy in the u s workplace rutgers university press 1993 marxism and the oppression of women toward a unitary theory rutgers university press 1983 pb 1987 pluto press 1984 the column of antoninus pius loeb classical monographs cambridge harvard university press 1973 list of selected articles edit beyond intersectionality science society april 2018 preface social reproduction theory ed tithi bhattacharya pluto press 2017 introduction with martha gimenez special issue on marxist feminist thought today science society january 2005 introduction and editor review symposium on red feminism by kate weigand in science society winter 2002 2003 hausarbeitsdebatte domestic labor debate in vol 5 of historisch kritisches woerterbuch des marxismus ed wolfgang fritz haug berlin inkrit 2002 domestic labor revisited science society summer 2000 anthologized in feminist interpretations of marx ed christine di stefano pennsylvania state university press forthcoming from the woman question to women s liberation in materialist feminism ed r hennessy and c ingraham routledge 1997 engels s origin legacy burden and vision in engels today ed c arthur macmillan 1996 considering difference the case of the u s family and medical leave act of 1993 social politics spring 1995 telling tales historians of our own lives journal of women s history spring 1991 debating difference feminism pregnancy and the workplace feminist studies spring 1990 socialist feminism encyclopedia of the american left garland 1990 rev ed oxford 1998 questions on the woman question monthly review june 1979 translated monthly review edizione italiana july august 1979 revista mensual november 1979 pensamiento critico march april 1980 meniaia epitheorese july 1980 humorous incidents and sound common sense more on the new england mill women labor history spring 1978 hearts to feel and tongues to speak new england mill women in the early nineteenth century in class sex and the woman worker ed m cantor and b laurie greenwood 1977 pb 1985 their own work two documents from the nineteenth century labor movement signs spring 1976 fine arts and feminism the awakening consciousness feminist studies 1974 anthologized in feminist art criticism ed a raven et al umi research press 1988 harpercollins 1991 modernism and history new literary history fall 1971 with l s robinson circus race scenes in the early roman empire art bulletin june 1969 flexibility versus formalism art journal spring 1968 references edit vogel lise sidney vogel spanish civil war surgeon in american journal of public health vol 98 no 12 dec 2008 p 2146 2149 leeb hadzi martha review the column of antoninus pius by lise vogel in the art bulletin vol 57 no 1 mar 1975 p 123 125 1 2 3 4 vogel lise marxism and the oppression of women toward a unitary theory 2nd ed leiden and boston brill 2013 215 p 1 2 brenner johanna review marxist theory and the woman question in contemporary sociology vol 13 no 6 nov 1984 p 698 700 vogel lise marxism and feminism unhappy marriage trial separation or something else in women and revolution a discussion of the unhappy marriage of marxism and feminism edited by lidia sargent montréal black rose books 1981 p 195 219 engels friedrich preface to the first edition in the origin of the family private property and the state london penguin classics 1972 p 76 80 marx karl el capital crítica de la economía política libro primero el proceso de producción del capital madrid siglo xxi españa 2017 999p vogel lise debating difference feminism pregnancy and the workplace in feminist studies vol 16 no 1 spring 1990 p 9 32 spalter roth roberta review mothers on the job maternity policy in the u s workplace by lise vogel in gender and society vol 10 no 1 feb 1996 p 100 102 fonow mary margaret review woman questions essays for a materialist feminism by lise vogel hatreds racialized and sexualized conflicts in the 21st century by zillah einstein in gender and society vol 11 no 3 jun 1997 p 373 376 1 2 3 ferguson susan mcnally david capital labour power and gender relations introduction to the historical materialism edition of marxism and the oppression of women in marxism and the oppression of women toward a unitary theory by lise vogel leiden and boston brill 2013 p xviii xl bannerji himani 1992 unsettling relations the university as a site of feminist struggles south end press isbn 978 0 89608 452 0 lise vogel marxism and the oppression of women 30 august 2015 retrieved 2023 12 07 authority control databases international isni viaf gnd worldcat national united states france bnf data netherlands israel people ddb other idref yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title lise_vogel oldid 1373012887 categories 1938 births living people american art historians american women art historians american sociologists american women sociologists radcliffe college alumni brown university alumni brandeis university alumni marxist feminists american socialist feminists communist women writers 20th century american women non fiction writers 21st century american women non fiction writers hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles with hcards all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from january 2022 this page was last edited on 3 september 2026 at 14 15 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia 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