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the (129), and (52), #emperors (43), komnenos (36), alexios (32), empire (30), byzantine (29), megas (27), john (25), jackson (25), williams (25), 2007 (25), κομνηνός (22), iii (21), son (20), trebizond (19), years (19), dynasty (19), constantinople (18), manuel (18), trapezuntine (17), roman (17), μέγας (17), emperor (17), from (16), after (16), months (15), andronikos (14), his (14), daughter (14), era (13), unknown (13), odb (12), list (11), 1204 (11), aged (11), april (11), died (11), march (11), david (10), anna (10), edit (10), georgia (10), days (10), with (9), year (9), basil (9), theodora (9), for (9), 1463 (9), later (8), michael (8), unnamed (8), 1332 (8), wikipedia (7), was (7), alexander (7), early (7), irene (7), late (7), family (7), george (7), miller (7), 174 (7), palaiologos (7), 1460 (7), 1330 (7), 1340 (7), 1263 (7), approx (7), causes (7), may (6), army (6), tou (6), history (6), 1979 (6), 1390 (6), 1349 (6), 1341 (6), 1342 (6), 1297 (6), 1238 (6), 1235 (6), 1222 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in 1204 until its fall to the ottoman empire in 1461 all but two of the trapezuntine rulers belonged to the komnenos dynasty which had previously ruled the byzantine empire from 1081 to 1185 they initially claimed to represent the legitimate line of roman emperors in opposition to the latin empire in constantinople the laskaris dynasty of the nicene empire and the komnenos doukas family of epirus and thessalonica to emphasize their dynastic claim trapezuntine emperors from the late 13th century onwards styled themselves as megas komnenos μέγας κομνηνός lit grand komnenos 1 out of the byzantine claimants that emerged in 1204 and thereafter the trapezuntine emperors despite their illustrious descent had perhaps the worst position not only were they far away from constantinople in a peripheral province of the empire but the reputation of the komnenoi had been severely damaged by the detested last emperor of the dynasty andronikos i komnenos r 1183 1185 grandfather of the first trapezuntine emperor alexios i r 1204 1222 2 though they continued to claim to be the legitimate rulers of the entire former byzantine empire for decades thereafter conflict with the nicene empire and the sultanate of rum in the early 13th century reduced the power of the trapezuntine emperors after the fall of sinope to sultan kaykaus i in 1214 the empire of trebizond ceased to be a major contender for restoring the byzantine empire and became reduced to a small and local power 3 after the nicene empire under michael viii palaiologos retook constantinople in 1261 the rulers of trebizond continued to style themselves as emperor and autocrat of the romans βασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ ῥωμαῖων viewing the palaiologos dynasty as just another family of usurpers the trapezuntine title was altered in 1282 21 years later to emperor and autocrat of all the east the iberians and the transmarine provinces βασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ πάσης ἀνατολῆς ἰβήρων καὶ περατείας in order to placate michael viii palaiologos after john ii megas komnenos r 1280 1297 of trebizond married his daughter eudokia palaiologina 4 initially the palaiologoi emperors in constantinople did not consider the trapezuntine emperors to be emperors at all instead typically referring to them as princes of the lazes 5 however later in the fourteenth century trebizond s imperial status was recognized by constantinople although only as emperor of trebizond βασιλεὺς τραπεζοῦντος although the nicene emperors are generally regarded by modern historians to have been the legitimate byzantine emperors from 1204 to the recapture of constantinople in 1261 this is only because it was their successor state that eventually retook the city the emperors in trebizond and thessalonica were no less legitimate emperors than those in nicaea 3 the distinction only having been made retroactively as the trapezuntines never succeeded in taking constantinople and eventually gave up their claim to the roman title the line of komnenos emperors in trebizond lasted for more than 250 years far longer than their dynasty had ruled from constantinople and outlasted the restored byzantine empire under the palaiologos dynasty by eight years before it too fell to the ottoman empire list of emperors and empresses regnant edit portrait name reign succession life details alexios i megas komnenos ἀλέξιος κομνηνός march april 1204 1 february 1222 17 years and 10 11 months with david i komnenos 1204 1212 grandson of andronikos i komnenos byzantine emperor 1183 1185 captured trebizond with the aid of tamar of georgia c 1182 1 february 1222 aged 40 died of natural causes 6 andronikos i gidos ἀνδρόνικος κομνηνός γίδος 1 february 1222 1235 13 years son in law of alexios i possibly became emperor due to alexios i s sons all being minors unknown 1235 died of unrecorded causes 7 john i axouchos ἰωάννης κομνηνός ἀξούχος a 1235 1237 1238 2 or 3 years son of alexios i unknown 1237 1238 died while playing polo 10 manuel i megas komnenos the most fortunate μανουήλ κομνηνός 1237 1238 march 1263 25 or 26 years son of alexios i unknown march 1263 died of natural causes 11 andronikos ii megas komnenos ἀνδρόνικος κομνηνός march 1263 1266 3 years son of manuel i shortly before 1240 1242 1266 aged approx 26 died of unrecorded causes 12 george megas komnenos the vagabond γεώργιος μέγας κομνηνός b 1266 june 1280 14 years son of manuel i after 1253 after 1284 deposed by the trapezuntine nobility in favor of john ii and imprisoned later released attempted to retake the throne in 1284 14 john ii megas komnenos ἰωάννης μέγας κομνηνός june 1280 16 august 1297 17 years and 2 months son of manuel i c 1262 1263 16 august 1297 aged approx 35 died of natural causes 15 theodora megale komnene θεοδώρα μεγάλη κομνηνή autumn 1284 1285 less than a year daughter of manuel i briefly usurped the throne from john ii between 1242 and 1253 unknown fled trebizond in 1285 and disappears from history thereafter might have gone into exile in georgia 13 alexios ii megas komnenos ἀλέξιος μέγας κομνηνός παλαιολόγος c 16 august 1297 3 may 1330 32 years 8 months and 17 days son of john ii late 1283 3 may 1330 aged 46 died of the bubonic plague 16 andronikos iii megas komnenos ἀνδρόνικος μέγας κομνηνός 3 may 1330 8 january 1332 1 year 8 months and 5 days son of alexios ii unknown 8 january 1332 murdered two of his brothers upon his accession to the throne died of the bubonic plague like his father 17 manuel ii megas komnenos μανουήλ μέγας κομνηνός 8 january 23 september 1332 8 months and 15 days son of andronikos iii 1323 1324 21 february 1333 aged approx 9 deposed by his uncle basil and was executed a few months later 18 basil megas komnenos βασίλειος μέγας κομνηνός 23 september 1332 6 april 1340 7 years 6 months and 14 days son of alexios ii usurped the throne from manuel ii unknown 6 april 1340 possibly poisoned by his first wife irene palaiologina 19 irene palaiologina εἰρήνη παλαιολογίνα 6 april 1340 17 july 1341 1 year 3 months and 11 days widow of basil illegitimate daughter of byzantine emperor andronikos iii palaiologos seized control of the government after basil s death unknown lifespan deposed in favor of anna and sent back to her family in constantinople fate thereafter unknown 20 anna anachoutlou ἀννα μεγάλη κομνηνή ἀναχουτλού d 17 july 1341 august september 1342 1 year and 1 2 months daughter of alexios ii confined to a monastery as a nun but escaped in 1341 and seized the throne with the aid of the lazes unknown 3 september 1342 deposed in favor of john iii and then strangled to death 22 john iii megas komnenos ἰωάννης μέγας κομνηνός 4 september 1342 3 may 1344 1 year 7 months and 29 days grandson of john ii supported as emperor by the army and the republic of genoa 1321 1322 march 1362 aged approx 40 deposed in favor of his father michael died nearly twenty years later possibly of the plague 23 michael megas komnenos μιχαήλ μέγας κομνηνός 3 may 1344 13 december 1349 5 years 7 months and 10 days son of john ii and father of john iii proclaimed emperor after a palace coup against john iii 1288 1289 unknown forced to abdicate and become a monk last attested in 1351 as an exile in constantinople 23 alexios iii megas komnenos ἀλέξιος μέγας κομνηνός 13 december 1349 20 march 1390 40 years 3 months and 7 days son of basil exiled to constantinople after his father s death in 1340 proclaimed emperor with the support of the byzantine emperor john vi kantakouzenos after michael s deposition 5 october 1338 20 march 1390 aged 51 the longest reigning emperor died of natural causes 24 manuel iii megas komnenos μανουήλ μέγας κομνηνός 20 march 1390 5 march 1417 26 years 11 months and 13 days son of alexios iii 16 december 1364 5 march 1417 aged 52 possibly murdered by his son alexios iv 25 alexios iv megas komnenos ἀλέξιος μέγας κομνηνός 5 march 1417 26 april 1429 11 years 11 months and 23 days son of manuel iii co emperor since 1395 c 1379 26 april 1429 aged approx 50 assassinated by his son john iv 26 john iv megas komnenos ἰωάννης μέγας κομνηνός 26 april 1429 april 1460 31 years with alexander megas komnenos c 1451 1459 son of alexios iv before 1403 april 1460 saw the end of the byzantine empire died of natural causes 27 alexios v megas komnenos ἀλέξιος σκαντάριος μέγας κομνηνός april 1460 very briefly son of the co emperor alexander a son of alexios iv 1454 1 november 1463 aged approx 9 deposed by his uncle david later executed by the ottomans alongside him 28 david ii megas komnenos δαβίδ μέγας κομνηνός april 1460 15 august 1461 1 year and 3 months son of alexios iv c 1408 1 november 1463 aged approx 55 settled in adrianople in exile after the conquest of trebizond by the ottoman empire later accused of treachery and executed 29 family tree of the trapezuntine emperors edit the megas komnenos dynasty of trebizond 30 komnenos bagrationi dynasty manuel komnenos 1145 1185 rusudan theodora axouchina alexios i 1182 1204 1222 david 1184 1212 rusudan d 1247 andronikos i d 1235 r 1222 1235 unnamed daughter john i d 1238 r 1235 1238 theodora r 1284 1285 irene syrikaina manuel i d 1263 r 1238 1263 anna xylaloe demetre ii of georgia 1259 1289 unnamed daughter unnamed daughter george 1255 1266 1280 d after 1284 andronikos ii c 1240 1263 1266 david viii of georgia 1273 1311 lasha manuel eudokia palaiologina c 1265 1302 john ii c 1262 1280 1297 vakhtang iii of georgia 1276 1308 acropolitissa d c 1341 michael c 1288 1344 1349 d after 1355 alexios ii 1282 1297 1330 jiajak jaqeli rusudan john iii c 1321 1342 1344 1362 michael anachoutlou d 1330 george achpougas d 1330 anna anachoutlou d 1342 r 1341 1342 eudokia irene palaiologina b c 1315 r 1340 1341 basil d 1340 r 1332 1340 irene of trebizond d c 1382 andronikos iii d 1332 r 1330 1332 unknown wife anna alexios 1327 c 1349 maria qutlugh bin tur ali theodora manuel ii c 1324 1333 r 1332 theodora kantakouzene alexios iii 1338 1349 1390 unknown mistress basil 1358 1377 unnamed daughter suleyman beg unnamed daughter mutahharten unnamed daughter qara osman 1356 1435 helena d 1366 bagrat v of georgia d 1393 anna b 1357 d after 1406 anna philanthropene manuel iii 1364 1390 1417 gulkhan eudokia of georgia d 1395 andronikos 1355 1376 eudokia tadjeddin constantine i of georgia 1369 1412 house of bagrationi david tamar olympias alexios iv 1382 1417 1429 theodora kantakouzene c 1382 1426 constantine dragaš d 1395 george vii of georgia d 1407 david john viii palaiologos 1392 1448 maria d 1439 alexander maria gattilusio unnamed daughter jahan shah b 1397 or 1405 d 1467 maria of gothia david c 1408 1460 1461 1463 alexios v 1454 1460 1463 daughter of alexander i of georgia c 1411 c 1438 john iv c 1403 1429 1460 daughter of a turkish sultan helena kantakouzene d 1463 uzun hasan 1423 1478 theodora mamia gurieli house of gurieli unnamed daughter basil d 1463 manuel d 1463 george d after 1463 shaykh haydar 1459 1488 halima begum zagan pasha d 1462 or 1469 anna b 1447 d after 1463 sinan sultan ali safawi d 1494 ismail i 1487 1524 safavid dynasty ibrahim safawi see also edit list of trapezuntine usurpers list of empresses of the byzantine successor states for the consorts of the emperors list of byzantine emperors for the byzantine emperors from whom the trapezuntine emperors claimed succession list of roman emperors for a list of emperors beginning with augustus succession of the roman empire for various claims concerning the succession to the roman empire notes edit john i used the surname komnenos axouchos 8 possibly to stress matrilineal ancestry from the prominent 12th century general alexios axouch 9 george was the first emperor to officially and formally use the name megas komnenos μέγας κομνηνός grand komnenos previously only a nickname 13 alexios ii used the full surname megas komnenos palaiologos μέγας κομνηνός παλαιολόγος stressing both his patrilineal descent from the komnenoi and his matrilineal descent from the palaiologoi 8 for unknown reasons anna used the surname anachoutlou seemingly of turkish origin perhaps it derived in some way from her georgian mother jiajak jaqeli 21 references edit macrides 1979 pp 238 245 treadgold 1997 p 710 1 2 treadgold 1997 p 718 odb p 1047 miller 1926 p 343 odb pp 63 64 jackson williams 2007 pp 172 174 jackson williams 2007 p 174 miller 1923 p 19 1 2 odb p 64 jackson williams 2007 pp 173 174 jackson williams 2007 p 174 odb pp 1290 1291 jackson williams 2007 pp 174 176 miller 1923 p 515 jackson williams 2007 pp 174 175 1 2 jackson williams 2007 p 175 odb pp 836 837 jackson williams 2007 p 175 odb p 1047 jackson williams 2007 p 176 odb pp 63 64 jackson williams 2007 pp 172 174 zehiroglu 2016 p 155 jackson williams 2007 p 177 zehiroglu 2016 p 155 jackson williams 2007 p 177 jackson williams 2007 pp 177 178 miller 1923 p 48 jackson williams 2007 p 177 miller 1923 p 49 jackson williams 2007 p 176 jackson williams 2007 pp 176 177 1 2 jackson williams 2007 p 178 odb p 65 jackson williams 2007 p 178 odb p 1292 jackson williams 2007 p 181 odb p 66 jackson williams 2007 pp 181 183 jackson williams 2007 p 183 kuršanskis 1979 p 242 jackson williams 2007 p 184 kuršanskis 1979 pp 242 244 odb p 589 jackson williams 2007 p 185 jackson williams 2007 pp 171 189 bibliography edit jackson williams kelsey 2007 a genealogy of the grand komnenoi of trebizond foundations the journal of the foundation for mediaeval genealogy 2 3 171 189 hdl 10023 8570 issn 1479 5078 kazhdan alexander ed 1991 oxford dictionary of byzantium oxford oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 504652 6 see odb kuršanskis michel 1979 la descendance d alexis iv empereur de trébizonde contribution à la prosopographie des grands comnènes revue des études byzantines 37 239 247 doi 10 3406 rebyz 1979 2098 macrides ruth 1979 what s in the name megas komnenos archeion pontou 35 238 245 miller william 1923 the empire of nicaea and the recovery of constantinople in bury j b ed the cambridge medieval history volume iv the eastern roman empire 717 1453 cambridge cambridge university press oclc 716982674 miller william 1926 trebizond the last greek empire new york macmillan oclc 1546756 treadgold warren 1997 a history of the byzantine state and society stanford california stanford university press isbn 0 8047 2630 2 zehiroglu ahmet m 2016 trabzon imparatorlugu in turkish vol 2 lazika yayın kollektifi isbn 978 6054567522 v t e emperors of trebizond alexios i and david i andronikos i john i manuel i andronikos ii george john ii theodora alexios ii andronikos iii manuel ii basil irene anna john iii michael alexios iii manuel iii alexios iv john iv w alexander alexios v david ii v t e roman emperors by time period list of roman emperors roman empire family tree early principate crisis of the third century dominate western roman empire and eastern roman empire julio claudian dynasty 27 bc ad 68 year of the 4 emperors 68 69 flavian dynasty 69 96 nerva antonine dynasty 96 192 year of the 5 emperors 192 193 severan dynasty 193 235 barracks emperors 235 284 year of the 6 emperors 238 gordian dyn...