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list of psychological research methods wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 common methods 2 references toggle the table of contents list of psychological research methods 8 languages العربية azərbaycanca български bosanski 한국어 português српски srpski 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia part of a series on psychology outline history subfields basic psychology abnormal affective neuroscience affective science behavioral genetics behavioral neuroscience behaviorism cognitive cognitivism cognitive neuroscience social comparative cross cultural cultural developmental differential ecological evolutionary experimental gestalt intelligence mathematical moral neuropsychology perception personality psycholinguistics psychophysiology quantitative social theoretical applied psychology anomalistic applied behavior analysis art assessment aviation biography of famous people clinical coaching color community consumer counseling critical crowd educational ergonomics fashion feminist food forensic police health history humanistic industrial and organizational legal media medical military music occupational health pastoral peace and war political positive photography psychometrics psychotherapy religion school sex differences space sport and exercise suicidology systems trading traffic concepts behavior behavioral engineering behavioral genetics behavioral neuroscience cognition competence consciousness consumer behavior emotions feelings human factors and ergonomics intelligence maslow s hierarchy of needs mental state mind psychology of religion psychometrics sex differences terror management theory lists counseling topics disciplines organizations outline psychologists psychotherapies research methods schools of thought timeline topics psychology portal v t e a wide range of research methods are used in psychology these methods vary by the sources from which information is obtained how that information is sampled and the types of instruments that are used in data collection methods also vary by whether they collect qualitative data quantitative data or both qualitative psychological research findings are not arrived at by statistical or other quantitative procedures quantitative psychological research findings result from mathematical modeling and statistical estimation or statistical inference the two types of research differ in the methods employed rather than the topics they focus on there are three main types of psychological research correlational research descriptive research experimental research common methods edit common research designs and data collection methods include archival research case study uses different research methods e g interview observation self report questionnaire with a single case or small number of cases clustered randomized controlled trial computer simulation modeling ethnography event sampling methodology also referred to as experience sampling methodology diary study or ecological momentary assessment experiment often with separate treatment and control groups see scientific control and design of experiments see experimental psychology for many details field experiment focus group interview can be structured or unstructured meta analysis neuroimaging and other psychophysiological methods observational study can be naturalistic see natural experiment participant or controlled program evaluation quasi experiment randomized control trial self report inventory survey often with a random sample see survey sampling twin study research designs vary according to the period s of time over which data are collected retrospective cohort study participants are chosen then data are collected about their past experiences prospective cohort study participants are recruited prior to the proposed independent effects being administered or occurring cross sectional study a population is sampled on all proposed measures at one point in time longitudinal study participants are studied at multiple time points may address the cohort effect and help to indicate causal directions of effects cross sequential study groups of different ages are studied at multiple time points combines cross sectional and longitudinal designs research in psychology has been conducted with both animals and human subjects animal study human subject research references edit stangor c 2007 research methods for the behavioral sciences 3rd ed boston ma houghton mifflin company weathington b l cunningham c j l pittenger d p 2010 research methods for the behavioral and social sciences hoboken nj john wiley sons inc v t e psychology history philosophy portal psychologist basic psychology abnormal affective neuroscience affective science behavioral genetics behavioral neuroscience behaviorism cognitive cognitivism cognitive neuroscience social comparative cross cultural cultural developmental differential ecological evolutionary experimental gestalt intelligence mathematical moral neuropsychology perception personality psycholinguistics psychophysiology quantitative social theoretical applied psychology anomalistic applied behavior analysis art assessment aviation biography of famous people clinical coaching color community consumer counseling critical crowd educational ergonomics fashion feminist food forensic police health history humanistic industrial and organizational legal media medical military music occupational health pastoral peace and war political positive photography psychometrics psychotherapy religion school sex differences space sport and exercise suicidology systems trading traffic methodologies animal testing archival research behavior epigenetics case study content analysis experiments human subject research interviews neuroimaging observation psychophysics qualitative research quantitative research self report inventory statistical surveys concepts behavior behavioral engineering behavioral genetics behavioral neuroscience cognition competence consciousness consumer behavior emotions feelings human factors and ergonomics intelligence maslow s hierarchy of needs mental state mind psychology of religion psychometrics sex differences terror management theory psychologists wilhelm wundt william james ivan pavlov sigmund freud edward thorndike carl jung john b watson clark l hull kurt lewin jean piaget gordon allport j p guilford carl rogers erik erikson b f skinner donald o hebb ernest hilgard harry harlow raymond cattell abraham maslow neal e miller jerome bruner donald t campbell hans eysenck herbert a simon david mcclelland leon festinger george a miller richard lazarus stanley schachter robert zajonc albert bandura roger brown endel tulving lawrence kohlberg noam chomsky ulric neisser jerome kagan walter mischel elliot aronson daniel kahneman paul ekman michael posner amos tversky bruce mcewen larry squire richard e nisbett martin seligman ed diener shelley e taylor john anderson ronald c kessler joseph e ledoux richard davidson susan fiske roy baumeister lists counseling topics disciplines organizations outline psychologists psychotherapies research methods schools of thought timeline topics category wiktionary definition wiktionary category wikisource wikimedia commons wikiquote wikinews wikibooks retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title list_of_psychological_research_methods oldid 1323550661 categories experimental psychology psychology lists cognitive science lists research related lists quantitative psychology hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles with excerpts this page was last edited on 22 november 2025 at 12 16 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents list of psychological research methods 8 languages add topic